人类社会是一部时间史，也是一部空间史。人民群众既是历史的创造者，也是空间的实践者。在历史唯物主义视域下，空间伦理是指人类在空间实践中以善的价值为核心形成的规范性关系秩序。空间伦理有利于人们自觉协调个人与自我、与群体、与人类的社会关系，实现空间善治状态中人与空间的和谐。

历史唯物主义视域下的空间伦理研究立足于人的生产活动和生活实践，以空间存在和空间伦理的辩证关系为依据，考察空间伦理的具体形态和实践路径。根据社会关系内容的多样性和空间范围的层次性，空间被具体划分为三个层次：微观层面的身体空间、中观层面的城乡空间、宏观层面的全球空间。由于全球化和现代化的城市内集中了大量的人口和资本，社会利益关系更加紧张，所以伦理问题便集中在当代人的身体、城市和全球中不断凸显。据此，根据具体空间的伦理诉求主要讨论相互关联的身体伦理、城市伦理和全球伦理。

马克思恩格斯在批判资本主义社会时也触及了空间伦理的基本问题。比如资本主义生产方式下异化劳动对个体身心健康的损害、城市资本伦理对乡村血缘伦理的解构、世界市场对地方传统的冲击等。他们认识到要实现人的解放和全面发展的终极价值就必须对资本主义社会进行彻底的批判。此后伴随着全球化、信息化、城市化进程，当代空间有了新的形态：个体身体呈现出标准化和符号化特征，城市社会中阶级关系开始流动起来，全球空间也从资本主导走向了多元因素并存的现实。在新的历史条件下，空间伦理的基本问题也有了新的内容，需要进一步反思。

首先，身体伦理是空间伦理的微观起点。现实的个人以身体为存在的基本事实，重构身体伦理是指现实的个人要在丰富的日常生活世界中解放被技术标准化的身体和被消费主义符号化的身体，从而确立人的主体性地位，达到自觉完善的目的。其次，城市伦理是空间伦理的中观核心。人拥有身体的同时也生活在城市空间中，重构城市伦理是指在城市陌生化社会中，以人文、和谐、正义的伦理精神去指导城市空间治理，实现人民的城市权利和空间正义，激发城市社会生机活力。最后，全球伦理是空间伦理的宏观未来。在以全球伦理乌托邦化的时代背景下，重构全球伦理就是指在经济、政治、文化等多元因素并存的全球化中，重新思考全球与地方的发展关系，发扬人类命运共同体理念，在风险与机遇中寻求合作共赢，增进全人类的共同福祉。

无论是身体伦理、城市伦理还是全球伦理在本质上都属于空间伦理的有机部分，它们共同朝向了空间善治目标，即实现人民对美好生活的向往。空间伦理研究启发新时代中国在面对人民居住、城乡关系和全球合作等重任时，落实了以人民为中心的“住有所居”的空间政策；构建了以城乡一体化发展为伦理目标的“城乡融合”的空间格局，推动了以共商共建共享为伦理原则的“一带一路”的空间倡议。这既凸显了中国在新时代空间治理的责任担当，也印证了空间伦理研究的现实价值。

关键词：空间伦理；空间实践；价值规范；空间善治

Abstract

Human society is a history of time as well as a history of space.The people are both the creators of history and the practitioners of space.The reason why space ethics has become a new era theme of social space criticism and Marxist philosophy research is not only the essential requirement of how people in the new era live better in different Spaces,but also the innovation of the era of Marxist space philosophy research theme.Ethics must be incorporated into the thinking of space from the perspective of space as the ontological principle of human existence.Space ethics not only includes the expression of different ethical relations in space,but also includes how to realize different ethical relations in space.From the perspective of historical materialism,space ethics refers to the normative relational order formed by human beings in space practice with the value of goodness as the core.Space ethics is conducive to coordinating the social relationship between individuals and self,groups,and human beings,so as to realize the harmonious relationship between people and space in the state of good spatial governance.

The study of space ethics from the perspective of historical materialism is based on human production activities and life practice,and based on the dialectical relationship between space existence and space ethics,it examines the specific practical form of space ethics.The space is divided into three parts according to the diversity of social relations and the hierarchy of the spatial extent:body space at the micro level,urban and rural space at the meso level,and global space at the macro level.With globalization and modernization,the population and resources are more and more concentrated,and the social interests are more tense.Therefore,ethical issues are constantly highlighted in contemporary people's bodies,cities and the world.According to the demands of space ethics,the book will mainly discuss body ethics,urban ethics and global ethics.

When Marx and Engels criticized capitalism,they touched on the basic problem of spatial ethics.For example,alienated labor under private ownership damages the physical and mental health of workers,the urban capital ethics deconstructs the rural blood ethics,and the world market impacts local traditions.Since then,with the process of globalization,informatization,and urbanization,contemporary space has taken on a new form:individual body forms are gradually standardized and symbolized; Class relations in urban society have become fluid and alienated; The global space has also moved from the dominance of capital to the reality of the coexistence of multiple factors.Under the new historical conditions,the generated new questions of space ethics require new reflections.This book focuses on the following three parts：

First,body ethics is the microscopic starting point of space ethics.The basic fact that the real individual takes the body as the existence,reconstructing the body ethics means that the individual should liberate the body standardized by technology and symbolized by consumerism in the world of daily life,so as to establish the status of human subjectivity and achieve self-improvement.

Secondly,urban ethics is the meso-core of space ethics.Humans live in cities while they have bodies.Reconstructing urban ethics means integrating the ethical spirit of humanity,harmony and justice into urban space governance in an urban defamiliar society,realizing people's urban rights and space justice,and stimulating the vitality of urban society.

Finally,global ethics is the macro future of space ethics.In the predicament of utopianization of global ethics,reconstructing global ethics means rethinking the relationship between global and local in the coexistence of economic,political,cultural and other factors,establishing the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind,and seeking win-win cooperation amid risks and opportunities.To enhance the common well-being of all mankind.

Essentially,the body ethics,urban ethics,and global ethics studied in the preceding paragraphs are all organic components of space ethics.Their core values all point to good governance in space.In the new era,China adheres to the principle of good spatial governance and promotes the practice of spatial ethics,which is embodied in the following aspects:first,to realize the people's longing for a better life; second,to build a spatial development pattern of “urban-rural integration”; third ,highlighting the co-construction and sharing space ethics of the “Belt and Road”.This not only reflects China's responsibility in the new era,but also confirms the practical value of space ethics research.