摘要：作为连接欧亚大陆的重要纽带，中东欧国家依托有利的区位条件，长期以来都是西欧国家产业转型升级的主要承接国，因此拥有着良好的创新技术与优质的科技人才储备。

中国现阶段处于经济转型期，产业升级急需技术人才加以推动，但中国国内科技人才缺口大、培养周期长，所以必须加大海外人才引进力度以补充社会经济发展的需要，而充分挖掘中国与中东欧国家科技人才对接潜力，既是满足中国科技创新合作多元化需求的有益举措，也是在中美科技竞争日益激烈背景下拓展合作伙伴、丰富人才供给的积极尝试，对于提升中国技术创新效率、促进区域科技资源共享意义重大。

不可否认，当前中国对中东欧国家无论在人才引进数量，还是质量上都明显不足，特别是在全球新冠肺炎疫情持续蔓延以及地缘政治局势加剧动荡的复杂背景下，传统的国际人才交流模式已受到严重冲击，加之中国现有的海外人才引进机制存在明显缺陷，导致中东欧国家科技人才同中国交流意愿不强，“引智”供需存在结构性失衡。如何发挥好中国—中东欧国家合作机制，在有针对性地提升市场与政策倾斜的同时，对现有海外人才引进机制进行突破和创新将是本报告研究的重点问题，以期在破除现有机制性障碍的基础上，为构建更具国际竞争力的中国—中东欧国家科技人才交流平台设计有针对性且可行的政策框架体系。

报告具体分为以下五个部分。

第一，中东欧国家在科技创新领域的优势特点。由于中东欧国家国别差异较大，技术优势与创新能力各不相同，因此为了全面系统掌握中东欧国家科技禀赋条件与人才分布特点，本部分将采用文献查阅、资料分析以及调研咨询等方法，梳理分析中东欧国家科技创新领域的发展现状，以期为进一步提升中国—中东欧国家创新合作与人才交流成效提供客观依据支持。

第二，中国与中东欧国家科技人才交流合作现状。本部分分别从多边与双边视角出发，回顾了中国与中东欧国家开展科技人才交流合作的历程与政策演进，总结双方科技人才交流合作的现状特征、形式特点与主要成就，在掌握双方现有对接路径与制度条件的同时，以具体合作案例为切入点，总结双方人才交流新的趋势与变化，为推动双方科技人才交流合作模式与机制的优化奠定前期经验基础。

第三，中国与中东欧国家科技人才交流潜力与发展障碍分析。本部分构建了中国与中东欧国家科技人才交流潜力指标体系，采用动态因子分析法多层次、全方位衡量了中国与中东欧国家科技人才交流基础、特征。同时，报告利用突变理论与模糊数学相结合的突变模糊隶属函数，对中东欧各国与中国科技人才交流发展的障碍因素进行了量化剖析，以此为中国在中东欧国家开展人才战略布局提供新思路。

第四，新形势下中国引进中东欧国家科技人才的机遇与挑战。本部分全面考量了国内、国际环境，在结合中国与中东欧国家自身优势的基础上，深入挖掘推动双方科技人才交流合作的机遇，并针对现实问题，系统归纳了中国引进中东欧国家科技人才所面临的风险挑战，为进一步优化中国对中东欧国家科技人才引进路径提供参考。

第五，中国引进中东欧国家科技人才的区位选择框架与政策优化。基于前文对于中国与中东欧国家科技人才交流潜力的测算结果以及中东欧国家自身创新能力的分析，报告构建了中国对中东欧国家科技人才引进的区位选择框架。同时，以现存风险阻力为依据，本部分提出了相应的政策建议，为化解中国人才引进困境，释放人才协同潜力提供了合理可行的决策保障。

关键词：中东欧国家；科技人才引进；人才交流潜力指标体系；障碍因子诊断；引才区位选择框架

Abstract: As an important link connecting the Eurasian continent,CEE countries have long been the main undertaking countries for the industrial transformation and upgrading of Western European countries based on their favorable location conditions,so they have good innovative technology and high-quality scientific and technological talent reserves.

Because China is currently in the midst of an economic transition phase,the promotion of technical abilities is an immediate necessity for the industrial upgrading process.In spite of this,China's domestic science and technology talent quantity gap is significant,and the training cycle is lengthy; as a result,we need to enhance the importation of talents from other countries to complement the requirements of social and economic growth.And,making full use of the potential of science and technology talent docking between China and countries in Central and Eastern Europe is not only a useful initiative to meet the diverse needs of China's science and technology innovation cooperation,but it is also a positive attempt to expand partners and enrich talent supply in the context of the increasingly fierce competition between China and the US in the field of science and technology.It is of the utmost importance to improve the effectiveness of technological innovation in China and to encourage the sharing of scientific and technology resources in the area.

It is undeniable that at present,China's introduction of talent to Central and Eastern European countries,whether in terms of quantity or quality,are clearly inadequate,especially in the global new crown pneumonia epidemic continues to spread and the geopolitical situation intensifies the complex background of turmoil,the traditional international talent exchange model has been a serious impact,coupled with China's existing overseas talent introduction mechanism has obvious defects,resulting in the Central and Eastern European scientific and technological talent with China's willingness to exchange,the supply and demand of intellectual attraction exists a structural imbalance.How to make good use of the ChinaCEE cooperation mechanism and make a breakthrough and innovation to the existing mechanism of introducing overseas talents while targeting to improve the market and policy inclination will be the key issues of the report,with a view to designing a targeted and feasible policy framework system for building a more internationally competitive China-CEE science and technology talent exchange platform on the basis of breaking the existing institutional barriers.

The report is divided into the following five chapters：

First,the advantages and characteristics of CEE countries in the field of science and technology innovation.Since the CEE countries are different from each other in terms of technological advantages and innovation capabilities,in order to comprehensively and systematically grasp the scientific and technological endowment conditions and talent distribution characteristics of CEE countries,this chapter will use literature review,data analysis and research and consultation methods to sort out and analyze the development status of CEE countries in the field of science and technology innovation,in order to provide objective basis support to further enhance the effectiveness of innovation cooperation and talent exchange between China and CEE countries.

Second,the current situation of science and technology talent exchange and cooperation between China and CEE countries.This chapter reviews the history and policy evolution of science and technology talent exchange and cooperation between China and CEE countries from multilateral and bilateral perspectives respectively,summarizes the current features,form characteristics and main achievements of science and technology talent exchange and cooperation between the two sides,and takes specific cooperation cases as the entry point to summarize the new trends and changes of talent exchange between the two sides while grasping the existing docking paths and institutional conditions between the two sides,so as to promote science and technology talent exchange and cooperation between the two sides.It will lay the foundation of experience for promoting the optimization of the model and mechanism of talent exchange and cooperation between the two sides.

Third,the potential and development obstacles of science and technology talent exchange between China and CEE.This chapter constructs the index system of ChinaCEE science and technology talent exchange potential,and measures the basis and characteristics of science and technology talent exchange between China and CEE countries in a multi-level and all-round way using dynamic factor analysis.At the same time,the report uses mutation theory combined with fuzzy mathematics of mutation fuzzy affiliation function to quantitatively analyze the obstacle factors of the development of science and technology talent exchange between CEE countries and China,so as to provide new ideas for China to carry out strategic layout of talent in CEE.

Fourth,the opportunities and challenges for China to introduce scientific and technological talents from CEE countries under the new situation.This report comprehensively considers the domestic and international environment,and on the basis of the advantages of China and CEE countries,it deeply explores the opportunities for promoting the exchange and cooperation of scientific and technological talents between them,and systematically summarizes the risks and challenges faced by China in introducing scientific and technological talents from CEE countries in view of the real problems,so as to provide reference for further optimizing the path of introducing scientific and technological talents to CEE countries.

Fifth,the location selection framework and policy optimization of China's introduction of science and technology talents from CEE countries.Based on the results of the previous chapters on the potential of science and technology talent exchange between China and CEE countries and the analysis of the innovation capacity of CEE countries themselves,the report constructs a locational selection framework for the introduction of science and technology talent to CEE countries in China.At the same time,based on the existing risk resistance,this chapter puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions,which provide reasonable and feasible decision-making guarantee for solving the dilemma of talent introduction in China and releasing the potential of talent synergy.

Key Words: Central and Eastern European Countries;Science and Technology Talent Introduction;Talent Exchange Potential Index System; Barrier Factor Diagnosis; Talent Attraction Location Selection Framework