党的二十大报告中指出，推动绿色发展，促进人与自然和谐共生。尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的内在要求。必须牢固树立和践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念，站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划发展。改革开放以来，要素驱动与投资驱动并举的政策创造了令世界瞩目的“中国奇迹”。然而，中国经济的高增长是以高能耗和高排放为代价的，高能耗与低能效形成的叠加效应导致了生态环境的大规模恶化。尤其是近年来雾霾污染肆意频发，严重威胁着社会经济的稳步运转和广大居民的身心健康。但是，随着经济社会发展的不断深入，处于转型期的中国经济开始出现阶段性的新特征，其中产业协同集聚发展现象尤为突出，表现在生产性服务业高度集聚的地区其制造业也较为发达，反映了产业集聚并非单一产业在地理空间上不断汇聚的过程，而是伴随着相关产业的协同集聚。随着经济全球化和国际分工的日益深入，生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚已经成为世界经济发展的重要趋势，也是中国打造高端制造业与现代服务业的必由之路，在此背景下探究生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对雾霾污染的影响具有重要的现实意义。

本书在研究对象上选取除西藏和港、澳、台地区以外的30个省份，以生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚为突破口，突破单一产业集聚视角的限制，并从产业关联视角和空间关联视角论述和检验生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对我国雾霾污染的作用机制和影响效应，同时也为我国矫正产业棘轮效应和实现雾霾污染治理提出有针对性的对策措施。主要研究结论如下。

（1）测算和分解了雾霾污染强度的地区差异，并对其进行收敛性检验。本书指出：①雾霾污染强度表现出明显的区域差异特征，东部地区的泰尔指数最高，西部地区次之，中部地区最低，并且区内差异的贡献率远大于区间差异的贡献率，三大地区内部发展的非均衡是雾霾污染强度产生差异的主要动因。②从总体层面来看，雾霾污染强度存在σ收敛和β收敛，雾霾动态累积效应、能源效率、机动车辆、环境规制、城市供暖、城镇化水平等控制变量对雾霾污染强度的收敛具有显著影响。③从区域层面来看，三大地区存在σ收敛、β收敛和俱乐部收敛，但不同地区所呈现的收敛特征大相径庭，控制变量的显著程度不尽相同。

（2）测算了生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚的关联关系，研究生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚关联网络的演变格局，并剖析了各省份在生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚关联网络中的地位、作用、类型、角色。本书指出：①从网络整体特征来看，中国省际生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚关联网络总数与网络密度均呈现先升后降的发展态势，省际生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚的关联关系具有显著的网络结构。②从网络中心性特征来看，仅有9个省份点度高于中心度平均值，6个省份高于中间中心度平均值，9个省份高于接近中心度平均值。③第Ⅰ板块、第Ⅱ板块内的省份主要集中分布在经济较为发达、生产性服务业与制造业十分密集的环渤海、长三角和珠三角地区，其中北京、天津、上海和广东4个省份落在第Ⅰ板块内，扮演着“净溢出板块”的角色，江苏、山东、福建、浙江落在第Ⅱ板块内，扮演着“双向溢出板块”的角色。第Ⅲ板块、第Ⅳ板块主要由中西部地区的省份组成，其中落在第Ⅲ板块内的省份有河北、山西、内蒙古、黑龙江、湖南、四川、贵州、云南和陕西，扮演着“经纪人板块”的角色，而其余12个省份落在第Ⅳ板块内，扮演着“主受益板块”的角色。

（3）从产业关联视角出发，实证检验生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对雾霾污染的影响。本书指出：①从全国层面来看，生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚、制造业效率及其两者的交互项对雾霾污染的估计系数均显著为负，表明生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚水平和制造业效率的提升有助于抑制雾霾污染，同时生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚可以通过提升制造业效率来进一步降低雾霾污染。②从分时段层面来看，制造业效率、生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚存在消化吸收的过程，在初期对抑制雾霾污染不显著，但随着时间的推移，抑制作用逐渐显著。③从区域层面来看，生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚、制造业效率以及两者的交互项对内陆地区雾霾污染的抑制作用大于沿海地区。④从行业层面来看，信息传输、计算机服务及软件业与制造业协同集聚对雾霾污染的抑制作用高于其他四个配对组合，但现阶段金融业、房地产业以及科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业与制造业的协同集聚发展水平不高，对雾霾污染的抑制作用不显著。

（4）从空间关联视角出发，实证检验生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对雾霾污染的影响。本书指出：①生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对雾霾污染存在明显的改善作用，在剔除了加工贸易后，贸易开放对改善雾霾污染具有实质性的转变。②生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚和贸易开放交叉项对雾霾污染存在负向影响，即贸易开放通过提高生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚水平来间接制约集聚负外部性对雾霾污染的影响。③分时段检验发现，贸易开放与生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚存在消化吸收的过程，在初期对雾霾污染的抑制作用不显著，但随着时间的推移，抑制作用变得显著。④贸易开放和生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对雾霾污染的作用因两者发展的不匹配而存在门槛效应，在不同的贸易开放下，生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对地区雾霾污染的影响差异较大。

最后，基于本书的研究结论提出下列政策建议：①打好污染治理的组合拳，推动多策齐放的治霾模式。一是推动能源革命，采取多方位的雾霾治理手段。二是促进区际协作，构建区域联防联控治理机制。三是推动政府减排，加大环境规制力度。四是保持相对公平，构建区域治霾补偿机制。②把握生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚空间关联特征，优化生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚关联网络结构。一是深入了解生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚关联关系及其网络结构特征。二是调整和优化生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚的关联网络结构，提升生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚配置效率。三是因地制宜、实施差别化的方针政策，实现生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚的分类管理。③增强关联产业间知识溢出，促进制造业效率提升。一是大力实施《中国制造2025》发展战略，积极推动先进制造业发展，支持绿色清洁生产，推进传统制造业绿色改造，推动建立绿色低碳循环发展体系。二是以“双轮驱动”发展战略为契机，积极推动生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚发展，加快构建现代产业体系，增强生产性服务业与制造业关联产业间的知识溢出效应，依靠制造业技术进步来提升制造业效率。三是针对不同地区和不同生产性服务业细分行业发展情况制定差异化的方针政策。④破除产业“棘轮效应”，实现贸易开放和生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚的匹配发展。一是推动生产性服务业与制造业的深度融合，破除产业发展中的“棘轮效应”。二是调整粗放型的外贸增长方式，推动外贸由规模型扩张向质量效益型转变。三是破除贸易开放和生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚的“门槛效应”，实现两者的匹配发展。

关键词：生产性服务业；制造业；生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚；雾霾污染

Abstract

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that green development should be promoted to promote harmonious coexistence between man and nature.Respecting,adapting to and protecting nature are inherent requirements for comprehensively building a modern socialist country.We must firmly uphold and practice the concept that clean waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,and plan development from the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.Since the reform and opening-up,the factor-driven and investmentdriven policy has created a“miracle of China”that has attracted worldwide attention.However,the high growth of China's economy is at the cost of high energy consumption and high emissions.The superposition effect of high energy consumption and low energy efficiency has led to the large-scale deterioration of the ecological environment.Especially in recent years,haze pollution occurs willfully and frequently,which seriously has threatened the steady operation of social economy and the physical and mental health of the general population.However,with the deepening of economic and social development,in the transitional period China's economy has begun to show new characteristics at different stages.Among them,the phenomenon of industrial convergence is particularly prominent.Currently,instead of constantly assembling processes in the geographical space of a single industry,industrial agglomeration involves related industry co-agglomeration,such as more highly concentrated producer services,the more developed the manufacturing industry is.In addition,with the deepening of economic globalization and international division of labor,the co-operation of producer services and manufacturing has become an important trend in global economic development.It is also the only way to build the high-end manufacturing industry and modern service industry in China.Under this background,it is of great practical significance to explore the impact of synergistic agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry on haze pollution.

This book selects 30 provinces except Tibet and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan as the research objects.And this book takes the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry as a breakthrough point,breaks through the restriction of single industry agglomeration perspective,and discusses and tests the mechanism and effect of co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry on haze pollution in China from the perspective of industrial and spatial correlation.At last,it also puts forward some suggestions for China to break down the ratchet effect of industry and realize the control of haze pollution.The main conclusions of this book are as follows.

（1）The book has calculated and decomposed the regional differences of haze pollution intensity in China and tested its convergence.This book pointed out that:（ⅰ）Haze pollution intensity in China trends to signifi-cant regional differences and the theil index in eastern region is relatively high,central region is less high,west region is lower.The contribution rates of the three intra-regional differences is greater than that of inter-re-gional differences,and the main reason for the haze pollution intensity differences in China is unbalanced development of the three regions.（ⅱ）From the overall aspect,the results show that there is obvious σ con-vergence,β convergence existing in China's haze pollution intensity distri-bution.The control variables like the haze dynamic accumulation effect,en-ergy efficiency,motor vehicles,environmental regulation,urban heating and urbanization level have a significant impact on the convergence of the haze pollution intensity in China.（ⅲ）From the region aspect,the results show that there are obvious σ convergence,β convergence and club conver-gence existing in the three areas.However,the convergence characteristics of different regions have nothing in common with each other and the signifi-cant degrees of control variables differ from each other.

（2）This book has calculated the relationship of industrial co-agglomeration,studied the evolution pattern of the association network of co-agglomeration,and analyzed the status,function,type and role of provinces in the association network of co-agglomeration.The results show that:（ⅰ）From the overall characteristics of the network,the total number and network density of China's inter-provincial the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry network show a trend of rise before fall,and the relationship of inter-provincial the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry has a significant network structure.（ⅱ）From the characteristics of network centrality,only nine provinces have higher point centralities than average,six provinces have higher middle centralities than average,and nine provinces have higher proximity centralities than average.（ⅲ）The provinces in Plate Ⅰ and Ⅱ are mainly concentrated in the regions around Bohai Sea,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta,where the economy is relatively developed,and manufacturing and productive services are very intensive.Four provinces of Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai and Guangdong fall in the first plate,playing the role of“net spillover plate”,while Jiangsu,Shandong,Fujian and Zhejiang fall in the second plate,playing the role of“two-way spillover plate”.Plates Ⅲand Ⅳ are mainly composed of provinces in the central and western regions.The provinces falling in Plate Ⅲ are Hebei,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,Hunan,Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan and Shaanxi,playing the role of“broker plate”,while the remaining twelve provinces fall in Plate Ⅳ,playing the role of“main beneficiary plate”.

（3）This book empirically examines the relationship between the coagglomeration and haze pollution based on the perspective of industrial linkages.The results show that:（ⅰ）From the perspective of national level,the estimated coefficients of haze pollution by the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry,manufacturing efficiency improvement and their interaction terms are significantly negative,which indicate that the improvement of the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry level and manufacturing efficiency is helpful to alleviate haze pollution.At the same time,the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry can further reduce haze pollution by improving manufacturing efficiency.（ⅱ）From the perspective of time-division level,the manufacturing efficiency and the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry level have not immediately visible negative effect on haze pollution,needing for an absorption and digestion process at the beginning,however,this turns to have a significant inhibitory effect as time goes by.（ⅲ）From the perspective of regional level,the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry,manufacturing efficiency improvement and their interaction have greater mitigation effects on haze pollution in inland areas than those in coastal areas.（ⅳ）From the perspective of industry level,the co-agglomeration of information transmission,computer service and software industry with manufacturing industry has a much higher inhibitory effect on haze pollution than that of the other four paired combinations.But at present,the level of co-agglomeration development between financial industry and manufacturing industry,real estate industry and manufacturing industry,scientific research,technical services and geological prospecting industry and manufacturing industry is not high,and it doesn't have a significant inhibition on haze pollution.

（4）This book analyzes the relationship between co-agglomeration and haze pollution based on the perspective of spatial relevance.The results show that:（ⅰ）The co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry can obviously improve the haze pollution.After deducting the outsourcing trade,the relationship between trade openness and haze pollution has a substantial change.（ⅱ）The cross term of the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry and trade openness has negative effects on haze pollution.Trade openness can indirectly affect the effect of the negative externalities of industrial agglomeration on haze pollution by increasing the level of the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry.（ⅲ）Time-division test shows that the the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry level has not immediately visible negative effect on haze pollution,needing for an absorption and digestion process at the beginning,however,this turns to have a significant inhibitory effect as time goes by.（ⅳ）The influence of haze pollution from the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry and trade openness has the threshold effect,due to the mismatch of the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry and trade openness.Under the different level of trade openness,the the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry has heterogeneity to the regional haze pollution.

Finally,based on the conclusions of this book,the following policy suggestions are put forward:（ⅰ）It is helpful to hit the combination blow of pollution abatement and promote haze control model with multi strategies.Firstly,we should promote the energy revolution and take comprehensive measures to control smog.Secondly,it is necessary to boost interregional cooperation and build a regional joint prevention and control governance mechanism.Thirdly,we need to encourage government emission reduction and strengthen environmental regulation.Fourthly,we should maintain relative fairness and build a regional haze control compensation mechanism.（ⅱ）It is important to grasp the spatial correlation characteristics of industrial synergistic agglomeration and optimize the network structure of industrial synergistic agglomeration.Firstly,we should have a deep understanding of the relationship between productive services and manufacturing industries and the characteristics of their network structure.The second is to adjust and optimize the associated network structure of collaborative agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industries,and improve the allocation efficiency of collaborative agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industries.The third is to adjust measures to local conditions and implement differentiated policies to realize the classified management of collaborative agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industries.（ⅲ）It is beneficial to enhance knowledge spillover among associated industries and promote the efficiency of manufacturing industry.Firstly,we should implement the“Made in China 2025”development strategy vigorously and promote the development of advanced manufacturing industry.We support green and clean production in order to develop the green transformation of traditional manufacturing industry and establish the green low-carbon cycle development system.Secondly,we take the“two-wheel drive”development strategy as an opportunity to actively promote the collaborative development of producer services and manufacturing,accelerate the construction of modern industrial system,enhance the knowledge spillover effect between producer services and manufacturing related industries,and improve the efficiency of manufacturing industry by relying on the technological progress of manufacturing industry.Thirdly,formulate differentiated guidelines and policies for the development of different regions and different segments of productive services.（ⅳ）It is necessary to eliminate the“ratchet effect”of industry and realize the matching development of trade openness and the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry.Firstly,we accelerate the deep integration of producer services and manufacturing,and break the“ratchet effect”in industrial development.The second is to adjust the extensive growth mode of foreign trade and promote the transformation of foreign trade from the expansion model to the quality-benefit model.The third is to break the“threshold effect”of trade openness and collaborative agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industries,in order to realize the matching development of the producer services and manufacturing industries.

Keywords: Productive Services; Manufacturing Industry; The co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industry; Haze Pollu-tion