摘要：土库曼斯坦位于中亚西南部，是联合国承认的永久中立国。土库曼斯坦以其丰富的油气等资源储备、和谐的族群关系、稳定的政治体制获得了重要的发展机遇。本报告将以“‘一带一路’沿线国家信息数据库”为基础，重点研究土库曼斯坦的中立模式，为加强在“一带一路”倡议下深化中国与土库曼斯坦的合作提供参考。土库曼斯坦积极调整中立身份的内涵，推动能源出口战略变革。同时，依据中立身份要求，土库曼斯坦将能源合作伙伴分为可信赖国家、中间国家和不友好国家三种类型，发展出不同程度的合作关系。土库曼斯坦的中立模式和能源战略在不同时期（天然气出口单一时期、合作伙伴构建时期和能源出口多元化时期）形成了各自的阶段性特点。当前，土库曼斯坦谋求以更积极的姿态处理地区能源争端，在全球能源治理体系和油气地缘政治博弈中发挥重要作用，不断提升地区和国际影响力。

关键词：土库曼斯坦；永久中立；能源经济

Abstract:Turkmenistan,located in southwestern Central Asia,is a permanent neutral state recognized by the United Nations.Turkmenistan,with its rich oil and gas reserves,history,harmonious ethnic relations and stable political system,has gained important development opportunities.Based on the Information database of Countries along the Belt and Road,this book will focus on Turkmenistan's neutrality model and provide the reference for strengthening the cooperation between China and Turkmenistan under the Belt and Road Initiative.Turkmenistan has actively adjusted the connotation of neutral status and promoted the reform of energy export strategy.At the same time,according to the requirement of neutral status,Turkmenistan divided its energy partners into three types:reliable nations,intermediate nations and unfriendly nations,and developed different levels of cooperation.Turkmenistan's neutral diplomacy and energy strategy in different periods（single natural gas export period,partner construction period and energy export diversification period）.At present,Turkmenistan seeks to handle regional energy disputes in a more active manner,play an important role in the global energy governance system and the geopolitical game of oil and gas,and constantly enhance its regional and international influence.

Key words:Turkmenistan; Permanently Neutral Status; Energy Economy

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