陈阿江罗亚娟告诉我，她的博士论文修订后要正式出版了，邀请我写序，我很愿意与读者分享她的博士论文及她成长过程中的一些故事。2006年，罗亚娟被保送到河海大学社会学系，随我读研究生。2007年，我申请的国家社科基金项目“‘人—水’和谐机制研究”立项，同学们也随之参与到课题研究中。部分同学根据课题设计，从“人水不谐”及“人水和谐”两种理想类型中选择他们感兴趣的方向，并自主寻找相应的案例开展研究。罗亚娟和其他几位同学选择淮河流域苏北地区研究一些受工业污染的案例。因为苏北地区经过数年招商引资，农村工业污染问题日渐严重，造成了深重的社会影响。在经验研究中，找到具有较好学术价值的案例十分重要。研究者对案例学术价值的判断能力往往与其知识储备、对问题的思考及发现问题的敏感程度有关。2007年夏，罗亚娟通过互联网查阅了若干个遭受工业污染危害的村庄，以此为线索，选取了其中2个发生污染纠纷并被媒体称为“癌症村”的案例村庄，和同学一起开展探索性的田野调查。2008年再次和同学一起去了其中的东井村，并确定了东井村作为其硕士论文的选题。此后，罗亚娟多次赴东井村开展调查，与村民保持紧密的联系，持续跟踪观察污染纠纷的发展，完成了以东井村为案例的硕士学位论文。该论文以村民的环境抗争为线索展开，讨论村民通过找企业、找政府、找媒体以及打官司等途径寻求问题解决时所遭遇的各种障碍，探索工业污染导致的社会问题的可能之解。硕士论文初显了她扎实细腻的调查技能和深邃思考的能力，成为“陈门”硕士论文的经典，是后续同学必读的文本。硕士毕业后，罗亚娟考入河海大学社会学系继续跟随我攻读博士学位。与硕士论文相比，博士论文难度更大。学生通过训练，要精通某个领域，并且要在前人研究的基础上有所发现、有所创造。在此过程中，学生从选题、调查，到分析框架的架构，每一步都可能“碰壁”、遭遇挫折，在徘徊中感受“瓶颈”状态，最终要突破“瓶颈”——在种种磨炼中成长。2010年6月博士论文开题时，罗亚娟为自己拟定的题目是“文化结构、社会结构与环境：苏北生态环境变迁的社会学解释”。多年的苏北生活体验以及硕士阶段的研究基础，让她感受到苏北地区与苏南及中国其他地域相比，历史、经济、社会文化等方面都有其独特之处，与地域环境变迁也有紧密的关系。她想在硕士论文案例基础上，拓展到苏北这一地域的整体性研究，研究环境变迁与该地社会、文化之间的关联。开题后，虽然她在苏北地区开展了更为广泛、深入的调查，走访多个工业园区、受工业污染的村庄以及市、县、区地方政府和相关职能部门，扩展并加深了对苏北地区的工业污染问题的理解，但真正要动笔时感到困难重重，难以取得预期进展。“瓶颈”状态中，她放弃环境社会学的研究转向“单位制”研究。研究“单位制”的想法源于师生之间的一次偶然谈话。我在博士生的“中国社会研究”课程里有一部分专门讲单位制，但苦于找不到学生学习的好案例，曾想去做一个经典的单位制案例。2011年5月的一天，我说起很想去某个矿山把“单位制”弄清楚时，罗亚娟说她从小就对城市里的单位很“神往”，很想探个究竟，并想尝试以“单位制”为主题完成博士论文。最后，我们商量确定了连云港的锦屏磷矿——“一五”计划期间156项重点建设工程之一，作为“单位制”研究的案例。她阅读了大量的文献，也去锦屏磷矿调查了一段时间。“单位制”是个不易研究的话题，她的经历里也缺乏早期的典型单位的体验，加之时间紧，最后还是放弃了，重回她熟悉的苏北乡村工业污染的研究。罗亚娟在博士论文过程中的挫折，或许对年轻学人有借鉴意义。在攻读博士学位最初的两年多时间中，她在“瓶颈”状态中停滞、换题、受挫、徘徊，但正是在这样的过程中，她对博士论文的容量、大小合适的研究问题逐渐有了更好的把握，对问题的理解逐渐清晰，学术研究的能力获得了整体性的提升。实际上，年轻人受挫、探索的过程也是成才的过程。罗亚娟重新回到苏北工业污染的研究后，我除了时常询问其论文进度、叮嘱其注意事项外，没有过多地干预她研究的具体内容。一方面，因为她硕士阶段环境社会学已有较好的基础，对苏北的地域也很熟悉，我相信她的能力。另一方面，我一直倾向于放手让学生比较自由地探索，因为老师教的东西本质上还是老师的，他们自己“折腾”出来的收获才是他们自己的，才有生命力。她的博士论文初稿交给我时，一读起来，就把我深深地吸引住了。那几天我把手上的其他事放了，专心地读她的博士论文。我对调查点那个村庄和事件是比较清楚的。2009年3月27日，我和包括罗亚娟在内的四位同学曾一起到那个工厂及村庄进行过一个简短的调查。因当时污染事件太过敏感，被地方政府驱赶不得不离开。按照我的经验，这样一个污染事件或许可以写成一篇硕士论文，但罗亚娟怎么能把这个事件、一个村庄展开成为一个十余万字的故事的，这是我好奇的。我想，每一位读过这本书的读者一定会被罗亚娟的故事叙述能力所折服。故事叙述表面上看是在讲述故事本身，实际上隐藏了讲故事的人对故事的理解和解读，也就是讲故事的人对故事的认知。从本书中，可以看到罗亚娟努力在乡土情境而不是外在于乡土社会的理论、概念框架中叙述、阐释污染问题发生、发展的社会过程。首先，她对苏北这一地域独特的历史、经济、社会、文化做了系统的梳理，将乡村工业污染问题放在苏北独特的地域经济社会背景中去理解，描绘出发人深省的地域社会背景与乡村工业污染问题之关联。其次，努力依据行动者自身的经验世界和规范体系分析其行动逻辑，展现出具体的行动对于行动者自身的意义。比如，在对农民行动的分析中，注重从农民的经验世界和村落社会中的规范体系阐释村民行动，突出农民行动的乡土意义。提炼出村民独特的以差序礼义为特征的规范体系以及依情理抗争的分析框架，与学界中流行的从依法、以法抗争的维权角度解释村民行为形成对话。在对企业主行动的分析中，观察到企业主如何在具有本土特色的社会环境中利用乡村规范、现代法律规范、人情、“关系”、权力庇护寻求最大的排污空间。在对政府的分析中，注重从本土政治、经济体制、社会背景和文化环境出发，在政府官员权力、利益经营之中，分析政府官员的行动逻辑。最后，在叙事结构上，顺着沙岗村污染纠纷的进展，展现每一次具体的社会互动中各社会主体间的互动逻辑，自然而然地展现出环境问题背后的社会结构性原因。在乡土情境中阐述乡村社会现象并不容易。一方面，当前中国社会处在急剧的变迁之中，社会生活的方方面面都在急剧地发生变化，社会现象呈现出多面、复杂的特征，抓住社会现象的本质不易。另一方面，来自西方的、本土的主流概念、解释框架对年轻学者而言难以突破，在理解乡村现象上做到不随大流、提出独创性的见解不易。在本书中，罗亚娟能够在乡土情境中将乡村工业污染问题的社会逻辑阐释得鞭辟入里，得益于她作为苏北人在苏北多年的生活体验，帮助她理解地域社会、村民的规范体系以及村民行动的意义；得益于她在苏北地区持续多年的扎实的田野调查，促使她有可能在真正意义上进入受污染的乡村社区中，了解村民真实的想法；也得益于她善于思考和挖掘村民的生活实践与地域社会、传统文化的关联。面对西方世界的崛起，中国为了免于被殖民的命运，选择了自强奋起、追赶现代化之路。环境污染问题，有世界共性的一面，也有中国个性的一面。我在分析太湖流域水污染在短短数十年内恶化的原因时，发现有其特殊的社会历史根源，并用“次生焦虑”去表征它。苏北地区，相对于苏南是一个后发达地区——就全国的平均状况而言，苏北并不落后，但比之苏南，苏北的经济发展水平有明显差距——所以苏北的发展，又多了一层追赶苏南的“社会性焦虑”。从目前的中国看，沿海地区率先发展以后，中部地区和西部地区也在崛起中。在江苏相对后发的苏北地区，其发展过程中所出现的问题、特点，或许可以为正在由东向中、向西的梯度发展进程中的其他地区提供借鉴。学术研究不仅是为了解决认知上的问题，也希望有助于当下快速发展中的中国现实。这也是本书出版的意义所在了。是为序。2014年8月于南京寓所

Chen Ajiang Luo Yajuan told me that her doctoral dissertation was about to be published after revision and invited me to write the foreword, and I am willing to share her doctoral dissertation and some stories of her growing up with readers. In 2006, Luo Yajuan was sent to the Department of Sociology of Hohai University and followed me to graduate school. In 2007, I applied for the National Social Science Foundation project "Research on the Harmonious Mechanism of 'Human-Water'", and the students also participated in the research project. According to the design of the project, some students choose the direction they are interested in from the two ideal types of "human-water disharmony" and "human-water harmony", and independently find corresponding cases to carry out research. Luo Yajuan and several other students chose the northern Jiangsu region of the Huaihe River Basin to study some cases of industrial pollution. Because after several years of attracting investment in northern Jiangsu, the problem of rural industrial pollution has become increasingly serious, causing a profound social impact. In empirical research, it is important to find cases with good academic value. The ability of researchers to judge the academic value of cases is often related to their knowledge reserve, thinking about problems and sensitivity to discovering problems. In the summer of 2007, Luo Yajuan visited several villages that were harmed by industrial pollution through the Internet, and used this as a clue to select two of the case villages where pollution disputes had occurred and were called "cancer villages" by the media, and carried out exploratory fieldwork with her classmates. In 2008, he went to Higashii Village again with his classmates and decided to choose Higashii Village as the topic for his master's thesis. Since then, Luo Yajuan has visited Dongjing Village many times to carry out investigations, maintained close contact with villagers, continued to follow and observe the development of pollution disputes, and completed a master's thesis using Dongjing Village as a case. The paper takes the environmental protests of villagers as a clue, discusses the various obstacles that villagers encounter when seeking solutions to problems through enterprises, governments, media, and lawsuits, and explores possible solutions to social problems caused by industrial pollution. The master's thesis initially showed her solid and delicate investigation skills and deep thinking ability, and became a classic of "Chen Men" master's thesis, which is a must-read text for subsequent students. After graduating with a master's degree, Luo Yajuan was admitted to the Department of Sociology of Hohai University and continued to study for my doctoral degree with me. Compared to the master's thesis, the doctoral dissertation is more difficult. Through training, students should be proficient in a certain field, and they should discover and create on the basis of the research of previous people. In this process, students may "hit a wall" and encounter setbacks at every step, from topic selection, investigation, to analysis of the framework architecture, feel the "bottleneck" state in wandering, and finally break through the "bottleneck" - grow in various trials. At the beginning of her doctoral dissertation in June 2010, Luo Yajuan proposed the title "Cultural Structure, Social Structure and Environment: A Sociological Explanation of Ecological Environmental Change in Northern Jiangsu". Years of life experience in northern Jiangsu and the foundation of her master's degree have made her feel that compared with southern Jiangsu and other regions in China, northern Jiangsu has its own uniqueness in terms of history, economy, society and culture, and is also closely related to regional environmental changes. Based on the case study of her master's thesis, she hopes to expand to the overall study of northern Jiangsu, and study the relationship between environmental change and the society and culture of the region. After the thesis, although she carried out a more extensive and in-depth investigation in northern Jiangsu, visited many industrial parks, villages polluted by industry, as well as local governments and relevant functional departments of cities, counties and districts, she expanded and deepened her understanding of industrial pollution in northern Jiangsu, but she felt that it was difficult to make the expected progress when she really wanted to write. In the "bottleneck" state, she abandoned the study of environmental sociology in favor of the "unit system" study. The idea of studying the "unit system" grew out of a casual conversation between teachers and students. Some of my doctoral students' "Chinese Social Studies" course was dedicated to the unit system, but I couldn't find a good case for students to learn, so I wanted to do a classic unit system case. One day in May 2011, when I said that I wanted to go to a mine to figure out the "unit system", Luo Yajuan said that she had been very "fascinated" by the units in the city since she was a child, and wanted to find out, and wanted to try to complete her doctoral dissertation on the theme of the "unit system". Finally, we discussed and identified the Jinping phosphate mine in Lianyungang, one of the 156 key construction projects during the "First Five-Year Plan" period, as a case study of the "unit system". She read a lot of literature and also went to Jinping phosphate mine to investigate for a while. The "unit system" is a difficult topic to study, and her experience lacks the experience of typical units in the early days, coupled with the tight time, she finally gave up and returned to the research on industrial pollution in the rural areas of northern Jiangsu that she was familiar with. Luo Yajuan's setbacks in the process of doctoral dissertation may have reference significance for young scholars. In the first two years of her doctoral studies, she stagnated, changed topics, was frustrated, and wandered in the "bottleneck" state, but it was in this process that she gradually had a better grasp of the research questions of the right size and size of her doctoral dissertation, gradually cleared her understanding of the problems, and improved her academic research ability as a whole. In fact, the process of young people being frustrated and exploring is also the process of becoming talented. After Luo Yajuan returned to the research on industrial pollution in northern Jiangsu, I did not interfere too much in the specific content of her research, except for frequently inquiring about the progress of her thesis and telling her precautions. On the one hand, because she has a good foundation in environmental sociology at the master's level and is also familiar with the region of northern Jiangsu, I believe in her ability. On the other hand, I have always tended to let go and let students explore more freely, because what the teacher teaches is essentially the teacher's, and the harvest they "toss" out is their own, and only then can they have vitality. When the first draft of her doctoral dissertation was handed over to me, I was fascinated by it as soon as she read it. I put aside my other business for a few days and concentrated on reading her doctoral dissertation. I am relatively clear about the village and the incident at the investigation point. On March 27, 2009, four classmates, including Luo Yajuan, and I went to the factory and village to conduct a brief investigation. Because the pollution incident was too sensitive at the time, he was driven away by the local government and had to leave. According to my experience, such a pollution incident may be written as a master's thesis, but how Luo Yajuan can unfold this incident and a village into a story of more than 100,000 words, I am curious. I think every reader who has read this book will be impressed by Luo Yajuan's storytelling ability. On the surface, storytelling is telling the story itself, but in fact it hides the storyteller's understanding and interpretation of the story, that is, the storyteller's cognition of the story. From this book, we can see that Luo Yajuan strives to describe and explain the social process of the occurrence and development of pollution problems in the context of the local area rather than in the theoretical and conceptual framework of the local society. First of all, she systematically sorted out the unique history, economy, society and culture of northern Jiangsu, understood the problem of rural industrial pollution in the unique regional economic and social background of northern Jiangsu, and depicted the relationship between the thought-provoking regional social background and the problem of rural industrial pollution. Second, efforts are made to analyze the logic of the actor's own action based on his own empirical world and normative system, and show the significance of specific actions to the actor himself. For example, in the analysis of peasant actions, we focus on explaining villagers' actions from the world of peasant experience and the normative system in village society, highlighting the local significance of peasant actions. The unique normative system of villagers characterized by differential order and etiquette and the analytical framework of reasonable struggle were extracted, and the popular interpretation of villagers' behavior from the perspective of rights protection in accordance with the law and legal struggle formed a dialogue. In the analysis of the actions of business owners, it is observed how business owners use rural norms, modern legal norms, human favors, "relationships", and power shelter to seek the largest sewage space in a social environment with local characteristics. In the analysis of the government, it focuses on the local political and economic system, social background and cultural environment, and analyzes the action logic of government officials in the management of their power and interests. Finally, in terms of narrative structure, following the progress of pollution disputes in Shagang Village, the interaction logic between social subjects in each specific social interaction is shown, and the social structural reasons behind environmental problems are naturally shown. It is not easy to elaborate on rural social phenomena in a rural context. On the one hand, at present, Chinese society is in the midst of rapid changes, all aspects of social life are undergoing rapid changes, social phenomena present multifaceted and complex characteristics, and it is not easy to grasp the essence of social phenomena. On the other hand, the mainstream concepts and explanatory frameworks from the West are difficult for young scholars to break through, and it is not easy to understand rural phenomena without following the trend and putting forward original insights. In this book, Luo Yajuan can explain the social logic of rural industrial pollution in a rural context, thanks to her years of living experience as a Northern Jiangsu in northern Jiangsu, which helps her understand the regional society, the normative system of villagers, and the significance of villagers' actions. Thanks to her solid fieldwork in northern Jiangsu for many years, it was possible for her to enter the contaminated rural community in a real sense and understand the real thoughts of the villagers; It is also due to her ability to think and explore the relationship between the villagers' life practices and the local society and traditional culture. In the face of the rise of the Western world, in order to avoid the fate of colonization, China has chosen to rise up and catch up with modernization. The problem of environmental pollution has a common side in the world and a side that is unique to China. When I analyzed the causes of the deterioration of water pollution in the Taihu Lake Basin in just a few decades, I found that it had special socio-historical roots and characterized it as "secondary anxiety". Northern Jiangsu, compared with southern Jiangsu is a post-developed region - in terms of the average situation of the whole country, northern Jiangsu is not backward, but compared with southern Jiangsu, there is a clear gap in the level of economic development of northern Jiangsu - so the development of northern Jiangsu has another layer of "social anxiety" to catch up with southern Jiangsu. From the current perspective of China, after the coastal areas took the lead in development, the central region and the western region are also rising. In Jiangsu's relatively late-developing northern Jiangsu region, the problems and characteristics that have emerged in the development process may provide reference for other regions in the process of gradient development from east to middle and west. Academic research is not only to solve cognitive problems, but also to contribute to the current rapidly developing reality of China. That's what this book is about. is the order. August 2014 in Nanjing apartment（AI翻译）