摘要：场景大数据理论是以安顺市、铜仁市等为代表的贵州省地级市探索促进要素安全有序流通的管理实践为基础，聚焦地方政府构建数据要素基础制度、激活数据要素潜能，总结提炼的理论。该理论以问题导向为切入点，发现在城市数据运营实践中，制约中国数据要素流通的关键是数权不清，而数据要素的权属与场景应用高度关联。即数据包含主权、公权、私权三个层面的产权，不同场景赋予数据表现不同的数权属性。因此政府应根据使用场景对数据进行分类分级授权，即“一场景一授权”“一使用一授权”的双授权原则。安顺市秉承这一原则，在监督数据要素采集和流通过程中采取“政府监督授权”“数据主体授权”的双授权模式，在确保数据安全有序流通与管理成本最小化之间寻求平衡点，促进数据“放得出”“流得动”“用得好”。在实践环节，安顺市以场景应用开放为牵引，选择金融、医疗、交通、电力、气象、劳务用工、公共资源交易等重点领域，开发一批标准化数据产品和应用。已经建成“安心干”人力资源创新开发平台、安顺市城市医疗数据运营支撑平台，并在其他领域稳步推进城市大数据开放共享的工作。不同于聚焦数据物理和技术特性的理论，场景大数据理论发端于地方政府层面培育数据要素市场、建设数据要素驱动的新型智慧城市的实践，为建设数据基础制度、促进数据有序安全流通提供现行探索和宝贵经验。

关键词：场景大数据；安全有序流通；贵州

Abstract:The Scenario Big Data Theory originates from the practical management experiences of Guizhou's prefecturelevel cities,such as Anshun and Tongren.This theory focuses on the local governments' efforts to establish foundational systems for data elements,thereby unlocking their potential.By addressing specific issues,the theory identifies that the primary challenge in the flow of data elements in China is the ambiguity of data rights,which are closely linked to scenario applications.Data property rights encompass sovereign,public,and private rights,with different scenarios attributing distinct data rights properties.Therefore,the government should classify and authorize data based on usage scenarios,following the dual authorization principle of“one scenario,one authorization”and“one use,one authorization.”Adhering to this principle,Anshun has implemented a dual authorization model,featuring“government supervision authorization”and“data subject authorization,”to balance data security and management efficiency,thereby ensuring data can be released,flow smoothly,and be effectively utilized.In practice,Anshun has focused on scenario application openness,selecting key areas such as finance,healthcare,transportation,electricity,meteorology,labor,and public resource transactions to develop standardized data products and applications.Successful projects include the“Anxin Gan”human resources innovation and development platform and the Anshun City medical data operation support platform,with continued progress in other areas towards urban big data openness and sharing.Unlike theories centered on the physical and technical characteristics of data,the Scenario Big Data Theory stems from local government efforts to cultivate a data elements market and build a new type of smart city driven by data elements.This theory provides practical explorations and valuable experiences for constructing foundational data systems and promoting the orderly and secure flow of data.

Key Words:Scenario Big Data; Orderly and Secure Flow; Guizhou