随着技术狂欢的到来，科幻与现实几乎并驾齐驱，许多“黑科技”已经不再是象牙塔里的科研成果，广泛出现于生活的各个角落。人工智能已经无处不在，逐渐成为一种时代特征，以技术为核心驱动力的新闻与传播领域更是打上了智能化的烙印，人、媒介及技术之间的关系也将发生重构，人机交互则成为研究智能传播规律的新进路。人机交互的关键在于界面的主动性，从听觉、视觉到触觉功能全面激活身体，身体成为人机交互的关键要素，“身体与媒介互动”则成为理解人机交互及人与技术关系的新思路。那么智能传播时代身体与媒介的互动形态如何？如何互动？互动如何？随之也衍生出一系列子问题：身体与媒介的互动是智能传播时代的专属吗？若非如此，那么历时性的身体与媒介互动演化脉络又如何？从共时性来看，智能传播时代中身体与媒介互动本质如何？对于传播形态及社会形态有何影响？这对于智能传播的理解有何意义？智能传播时代中的未来人机关系又如何？这一系列问题都期待一种理论来阐释。

然而，身体在主流的传播观中却“若隐若现”，有时候甚至被边缘化，这对于当前日新月异的身体与媒介实践的阐释显得力不从心。鉴于此，本书则从“身体”视角切入来考察智能传播中的人机交互现象，聚焦于“身体与媒介互动”主题，立足媒介非中性论转向及（后）现象学、社会学视野下的身体观及人与技术关系理论，从历时性与共时性两个维度来揭示身体与媒介互动的本质。在共时性考察中，主要围绕新闻、娱乐、社交三个传播场景中身体与媒介的互动现象及对于传播形态及社会发展的影响展开探讨。

跨学科理论视野下的研究方法也趋于多元化与融合性，因此本书采用混合研究方法来分析身体与媒介的互动实践，根据问题本身来布局研究方法。本书的研究方法主要包括两类：在身体与媒介互动的历时性考察中，采用以既有文本资料为基础的文献分析、历史比较方法；在智能传播中的身体与媒介互动考察中，本书聚焦于智能化新闻传播、沉浸式娱乐传播及智能化社交传播三个场景，采用“线下”与“线上”相结合的方式，以新华社等智能化新闻媒体及智能新闻受众、VR游戏玩家QQ 群、智能语音机器人用户为研究对象，具体研究方法以实地参与式观察、访谈为主并辅以网络问卷调查和数据统计。

经过研究发现：

（1）对于传播中的身体与媒介互动模式演进问题，研究表明：其一，从麦克卢汉与曼诺维奇对于身体与媒介关系的理论资源得出，传播中身体与媒介互动模式为“内在被动式互动”“内在主动式互动”“外在被动式互动”及“外在主动式互动”四类，它们之间并非完全独立，而是相互融合。其二，以智能化技术在媒介中的应用作为时间节点重新划分媒介历史及传播形态演变历史，分为“前智能传播时代”与“智能传播时代”；从身体视角发现，传播历史分为“早期智人时代—智人时代—现代人时代—容器人时代—电子人时代—智能主体时代”与“模拟式传播—口语传播—书写传播—视听感知传播—网络传播—智能传播”两条演化路径。其三，笔者将身体与互动模式置于上述历史分期来进行考察并发现遵循“身体与媒介强互动—身体与媒介弱互动—身体与媒介强互动”的演变规律，其中智能传播中的身体与媒介互动特征为“强互动”，即身体与媒介的内在/外在主动式互动。

（2）关于智能传播中身体与媒介强互动模式的建构，研究者基于身体与媒介强互动特征，结合后现象学者唐·伊德的人与技术关系理论，即“阐释关系”“具身关系”“它者关系”，从而建构身体与媒介的强互动的研究视角，具体呈现[身体→（媒介—环境）]、[身体—媒介）→环境]、[身体→媒介—（—环境）]三种图式，从中发现强互动模式的三个核心要素，即“身体”“媒介”和“环境”。

（3）结合上述研究框架，研究者将智能传播的身体与媒介互动实践聚焦于新闻、娱乐及社交，进而发现身体与媒介互动发生于智能化新闻传播、沉浸式娱乐传播及智能化社交传播的三个传播场景。通过这三个场景中的身体与媒介互动实践考察结果发现：其一，智能化新闻传播中身体与媒介互动的本质为人机互动，其中身体呈现“物质态身体” “文化态身体”及“技术态身体”三种形态，媒介呈现“身体化”特征并由“中介”转向“传播者”，身体的“在场”与“离场”为互动表征，互动逻辑为由“去身体化”转向“回归身体”，这对于新闻生产与传播产生影响，人机协同为主要特征。其二，沉浸式娱乐传播中呈现具身进路，从“意识沉浸”转向“具身沉浸”，具身互动成为以VR 技术为支撑的沉浸式传播的身体与媒介互动本质，通过VR游戏案例研究发现具身互动的特征为：身体在“知觉场”与“空间场”之间徘徊，以“虚拟代理”与“化身”等图式存在，这种具身参与的本质为主体共在与意义建构，具身互动逻辑为“参与式互动—感知觉互动—全身互动—VR 社交”，这对于娱乐内容的叙事方式也产生影响，以VR纪录片为例发现，“互动叙事”成为沉浸式娱乐内容的主要叙事方式。其三，智能化社交传播以社交机器人为技术支撑，作为媒介的社交机器人成为独立于身体而存在的“它者”，同时身体也更具社会性并以“交往”姿态呈现。在此条件下，人际交往转向人机交往成为一种必然，社交传播中身体与媒介的互动本质为人机交往，以戈夫曼的互动秩序理论为参照发现，人机交往是一个“褪去面具”的过程，身体以更为本真的姿态存在，人机信任成为实现人机交往的关键，以智能语音机器人为例发现，人机交往逐渐常态化并对情感、角色、信任及隐私等社会要素产生浅层影响。

（4）本书研究结论显示，传播中的身体与媒介互动进化逻辑实则为身体的回归，而智能传播中身体—媒介强互动的本质为具身存在；这突破了传统的传播范式，对于智能传播概念也产生新认知，这也对我国的媒体融合实践产生影响，从“媒介融合”转向“人机融合”，以此为框架来考察我国智能传播时代人机融合实践并揭示其发展形态呈现感官融合、认知融合及价值融合的路径。鉴于此，研究者做出预判，意识互动将成为智能传播中人机关系的未来发展趋势。与之相伴，人机伦理关系，尤其是人机信任问题成为未来传播学研究的重点。

关键词：智能传播；具身；人机交互；身体—媒介互动；人机互动；具身互动；人机交往

Abstract

With the advanced technology development,science fiction and reality are almost neck and neck.Therefore,most of“futuristic tech”begin to walk out of the ivory tower of Laboratory and are applied to even every corner of life.Especially,the artificial intelligence as a temper of era has been ubiquitous.The field of journalism and communication with technology as the core driving force has been marked with the intelligence,triggering a series of effects.Therefore,the relationship between human media and technology would be reconstructed.Human-computer interaction will become a new approach for in-depth research on the law of intelligent communication.The key to human-computer interaction is the initiative of the interface,which is mainly embodied in the overall activation of body senses from hearing to touch.Given this,the body is considered as one important elements of human-computer interaction,and the body-media interaction becomes a new way to understand human-computer interaction and human-technology relationship.So,what is the interaction between body and media in the era of intelligent communication? Based on this,a series of questions have subsequently emerged: Is the body-media interaction exclusive to the era of intelligent communication? If not,what about the diachronic body-media interaction evolution? From a synchronic point of view,what is the nature of body-media interaction in the era of intelligent communication? What is the impact on communication and social development? What does this mean for the understanding of intelligent communication? What about human-machine relationship in the era of intelligent communication in the future? These issues deserve our exploration and study and a theory is expected to explain these issues.

However,the body is“looming”in the mainstream communication and sometimes it is even marginalized,which seems to be inadequate for the current interpretation of the ever-changing body-media interaction practices.In view of this,the research would examine the phenomenon of human-computer interaction in intelligent communication from the perspective of body,focusing on the theme of“body-media interaction”,based on media's non-neutral theory,the theory of humantechnology relationship and concepts of body from（post）phenomenology and sociology.The nature of the interaction between body and media is revealed from the diachronic and synchronic dimensions.Synchronically,body-media interaction experiences in three communication scenes of journalism,entertainment and social communication and their influence on the communication pattern and social development in each scene are discussed in this dissertation.

From the perspective of interdisciplinary theory,research methods tend to be diversified and integrated.Therefore,Mixed Research Methods are applied to analyze the body-media interaction.In this research frame,the specific methods are used in accordance with the research question.In the synchronic investigation of the body-media interaction,the literature analysis and historical comparison method based on the existing texts; Synchronically,the empirical research on body-media interaction practices is focused on specific intelligent communication scenarios in the three fields of journalism,entertainment and social interaction,namely,intelligent journalism field,VR games and VR documentary and Social Robot.Specifically,“offline”and“online”research fields are used together in this research.The research objects are intelligent news media and the intelligent news audience,QQ group of VR game players,users of intelligent speaker robots.The specific methods are consisted of participatory observation,interviews,questionnaire and content analysis.

There are some results from this research as follows：

（1）Based on McLuhan and Manovich's theoretical resources on body-media relationship,this study concludes that the body-media interaction modes in communication can be divided into“internal passive interaction”and“internal active interaction”,“external passive interaction”and“external active interaction”,which are not completely independent but integrated.Secondly,the evaluation law of communication is redefined from the perspective of body.The time when the intelligent technology is applied in the field of journalism and communication is the node of the history of communication which is divided into“preintelligent communication era”and“intelligent communication era”.Meanwhile,this evolution is expanded to both paths:“Early homo sapiens era-Homo sapiens era-Modern human era-Container man era-Cyborg era-Intelligent subject era”and“Analog communication-Oral communication-Writing communication-Audio-visual perception communication-Network communication-Intelligent communication”.Thirdly,the mode of body-media interaction in the historical context adheres to the rule of“Strong body-media interaction-Weak body-media interactionStrong body-media interaction”.Accordingly,the body-media interaction in intelligent era is characteristic of“Strong interaction”,which is expressed by“Body-media（body）”,namely medium of internal/external active interaction.

（2）Regarding the construction of the strong body-media interaction in intelligent communication,on the basis of“Body-media（body）”,the researcher combined with Don Ihde's theory of human-technology relationship,such as“interpretive relationship”,“embodied relationship”and“other relationship”to reconstruct the theory frame of bodymedia strong interaction,which is expressed by[body→（media-environment）],[（body-media）→environment],[body→media-（-environment）].Therefore,the three core elements of“body”,“media”and“environment”are obtained.

（3）Focusing the above theoretical framework on news,entertainment and social communication,it is found that：

Firstly,the interaction between body and media occurs in intelligent journalism communication,immersive entertainment communication and intelligent social communication.The results show that: the interaction between the body and the media in intelligent journalism communication is human-machine interaction.Among them,there are three body forms such as“physical body”,“social body”and“technical body”; the media also presents the“body”feature,its role is“communicator”,the body's“presence”and“absence”are interactive representations,the logic is from“disembodiment”to“embodiment”.This has an impact on news production and communication with the feature of human-computer collaboration.

Secondly,the immersive entertainment communication presents an approach of embodiment,from“conscious immersion”to“embodiment immersion”.Embodiment interaction is the logic of body-media interaction of immersive entertainment communication supported by VR.Through VR games,it is found that body is moved between“perception field”and“space field”; the body schema is constituted of“virtual agent”and“avatar”; the nature of embodiment is the coexistence and meaning construction; the rule of embodiment interaction is“participate interaction-perception interaction-whole body interaction”.From the VR documentary,the results show that“Interactive narrative”is becoming the mainstream narrative in the entertainment content.

Thirdly,intelligent social communication is supported by social robots.As a media,social robots become“others”that is independent of human.At the same time,the body is also more social and is presented as a communicative body.The results prove that Human Machine Communication is nature of the body-media interaction,which is the process of“getting rid of the masks”according to Goffman's theory of interactive order.Besides,Human Machine Trust is important to Human Ma chine Communication.Taking the intelligent speaker robot as a case,the researcher found that the Human Machine Communication has made a subtle social influence,including the emotion,roles,trust and privacy in the society.

（4）The research conclusion shows that the evolutionary logic of the interaction between the body and the media in communication is actually a body return; the essence of body-media interaction in the intelligent communication is the embodied presence.Besides,the intelligent communication has a new explanation which is breaking out the traditional communication paradigm.The turn of human-computer integration was found from the logical changes of media integration.The internal mechanism of human-computer integration reveals the essence of“human-machine integration”,namely the physicality and autonomy regression of the intelligent communication subject.This research investigates the practice of human-machine fusion in the intelligent communication era in China and reveals its development form presenting the path of sensory fusion,cognitive fusion and value fusion.On this basis,the prediction is that consciousness interaction is the tendency of human-machine relationship in the communication.Meanwhile,human-machine ethical relationship,especially the issue of human-machine trust,have become the focus of future communication studies.

Key words: Intelligent communication; embodiment; body-media interaction; human-machine interaction; embodiment interaction; human-machine communication