回顾近现代中国思想世界天翻地覆的变化，马克思主义无疑对20世纪的中国产生了最为深远的影响。本书尝试搭建一个新的分析框架——本土化分析框架，研究马克思主义中国化的前期进程。本书以马克思主义语词的本土接纳——马克思主义思想的本土表达——马克思主义理论的本土实践为论述逻辑，通过分析马克思主义在认知维度的本土化和实践维度的本土化，探究马克思主义中国化为何发生、如何发生以及这一进程对中国观念/思想世界和文化转化的影响。

本书共分为六个部分。第一章陈述马克思主义传入中国之前的历史背景——与西方世界的遭遇，主要阐述西方分科的知识体系对中国传统知识体系的冲击，以进化论为代表的新思想对中国传统观念世界的影响，以及西学冲击下中国本土的文化反应。第二章阐述马克思主义在认知维度的本土化之始——马克思主义传入中国的语词接纳过程。本章借鉴了海外汉学家和国内学者关于马克思主义概念译介的研究方法，回顾了现代汉语新词的来源，论述了马克思主义在中国思想界形成影响之前，其概念语词如何进入中国现代汉语词汇系统，如何影响中国人的精神世界。第三章试图以话语为切口展现马克思主义本土化从认知向实践的过渡，主要论述马克思主义话语进入中国的思想语境、马克思主义话语的渐次接纳以及早期中国马克思主义话语的初步形成。第四章主要论述马克思主义在实践维度的本土化，着重阐述中国共产党在马克思主义中国化的前期进程中，通过组织建设、革命实践和理论构建对马克思主义中国化的“两个结合”进行的前期探索。第五章运用“本土化分析框架”从认知维度和实践维度研究早期中国共产党人对马克思主义的接受和运用。结语部分回到马克思主义中国化的概念本身及马克思主义中国化对“中国向何处去”的历史诘问的回答，论述“马克思主义中国化”对中国文化发展的意义。

本书认为马克思主义中国化的前期进程反映了本土化的两个重要条件。一是文化语境的可通约性或关联性，体现在马克思主义和中国传统文化在价值领域或哲学领域的相似性和关联性上。二是历史语境的契合度或适切度，体现在马克思主义的本土化与中国历史议题和历史进程的适切度上。“马克思主义中国化”的提出回应了“中国向何处去”的时代之问，在文化层面具有重要的意义。它突破了中西文化评估的固有范式，重塑了文化传统和文化发展的价值，唤醒了本土化过程中的文化自觉。

关键词：马克思主义；本土化；马克思主义中国化；中国共产党；中国革命

Abstract

In the immensely changing world of modern Chinese ideas in retrospect,Marxism undoubtedly had the most profound influence on China in the twentieth century.This book attempts to construct a new framework—“Indigenization Analytical Framework”to study the Sinicization of Marxism.It is narrated in the logic of the local acceptance of Marxist words,the local expression of Marxist thought and the local practice of Marxist theory,to explore why and how the Sinicization of Marxism occurred,as well as the process's impact on Chinese ideological world and its culture transformation.

The book is mainly divided into six parts to discuss the topic.The first chapter states the important historical background before the introduction of Marxism into China,which is China's encounter with the Western world.This chapter mainly expounds the impact of the western knowledge division system on the Chinese knowledge system,the impact of new ideas like the theory of evolution on the world of Chinese traditional concepts,and China's cultural response under the impact of Western learning.The second chapter illustrates the beginning of the localization of Marxism in the cognitive dimension—the acceptance process of Marxist terms.This chapter refers to the research methods of Sinologists and domestic scholars on the translation and introduction of Marxist concepts,reviews the sources of modern Chinese neologisms,and discusses how the conceptual words of Marxism entered the modern Chinese vocabulary system and affected the spiritual world of Chinese people before Marxism influenced in the Chinese ideological world.The third chapter attempts to show the transition of Marxism from cognition to practice through discourse.This chapter mainly discusses the ideological context in which Marxist discourse entered China,the gradual acceptance of Marxist discourse and the preliminary formation of early Chinese Marxist discourse.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the localization of Marxism in practice dimension.It focuses on the early exploration of the“two combinations”of the Sinicization of Marxism by the Communist Party of China through organizational construction,revolutionary practice and theoretical construction in the early process of Sinicization of Marxism.The fifth chapter uses the“Indigenization Analytical Framework”to study how the early communists accept and apply Marxism from the perspective of cognition and practice.The conclusion part returns to the concept of the Sinicization of Marxism itself and the answer to the historical question of“Where China is going”,discussing the impact of“Sinicization of Marxism”on Chinese culture development.

This book raises such viewpoints.The early process of the Sinicization of Marxism reflected two important conditions for localization.One is the Compatibility of cultural context,which is reflected in the similarity of value fields or philosophical content,and the relevance of philosophical thinking.The second is the correlation of the historical context,which is reflected in the adaptation of Marxism to China's historical issues and historical processes.“Sinicization of Marxism”（or to adapt Marxism to China's conditions）responds to the question about“Where China is going”,and has important cultural significance.It demonstrates a breakthrough in the inherent paradigm of Chinese and Western cultural evaluation,reshapes the value of cultural tradition and cultural development to a certain extent,and awaken the cultural consciousness in the process of localization.

Key Words:Marxism; localization of Marxism; Sinicization of Marxism;the Communist Party of China;Chinese Revolution