中国正在形成世界上最庞大的产业工人阶级。本书借鉴劳工社会学的概念工具、理论框架，运用社会学干预方法，从历史社会学视角对农民工的阶级形成与阶级意识发育中的关键问题进行探索性研究。主要研究问题包括：农民工的阶级形成，表现出哪些显著特点？经济、社会、文化和政治因素如何限制或促成农民工的阶级形成与阶级意识发育？与其他国家尤其是新兴工业化国家的工人阶级相比，农民工的阶级形成与阶级意识发育面临着何种困境，其未来的可能趋势是什么？如何从无产阶级化历程的视角，来考察农民工的阶级形成背后的动力机制？农民工的阶级形成与阶级意识发育对研究者和国家治理者来说，提出了什么挑战？如何选择与建构符合历史趋势的阶级整合策略与劳工政策，来应对这些挑战？本书发现：（1）社会主义中国历史上形成的政治、经济、社会和文化遗产，对传统产业工人阶级的“再形成”和农民工阶级形成的路径及其表现形式产生了深远影响，尤其是农民工的阶级形成深受国家与市场的形塑；同时，农民工的阶级形成反过来也推动着市场、社会与国家的转型。（2）在以经济为中心的因素、以国家为中心的因素和以社会为中心的因素共同作用下，农民工的阶级形成表现出自己的独特之处，比如，“没有阶级组织的阶级形成”等。（3）整体而言，农民工的阶级意识尚处于“工会意识的萌芽期，”借助社会学干预，能够将农民工个体化的阶级经历和阶级体验升华为集体性的阶级意识。（4）农民工的阶级形成与阶级意识发育将是一个长期的、多元的、开放的历史过程；在这一过程中，结构与主体、历史与意志、现实性与可能性都将得到生动的展现。本书的基本结构是：第一章对阶级形成与阶级意识研究的文献进行了系统梳理，旨在为农民工的阶级形成与阶级意识研究提供理论借鉴和研究思路的启发。第二章从研究架构和具体研究方法角度，对现有的阶级形成与阶级意识研究范式进行了反思，结合农民工阶级形成的中国经验与实际情况，对卡茨尼尔森等人关于阶级形成的综合分析框架进行了修正；选择《全泰壹评传》以及电影《美丽青年全泰壹》作为干预媒介，设计了社会学干预的研究方案，尝试对农民工的阶级意识进行研究。第三章尝试对社会主义国家阶级构成问题中的各种理论争议与解释，新中国成立至1978年改革前的阶级阶层结构变动及其决定因素，传统产业工人阶级的“再形成”与“消解”等问题，从历史社会学的角度进行分析。目的是为分析农民工的阶级形成与阶级意识研究，提供相关历史背景与理论支撑。第四章和第五章参照卡茨尼尔森等关于工人阶级形成的研究框架，从经济、社会、文化和政治四个维度，对农民工的阶级形成及其影响因素进行了较为全面的分析。经济维度主要结合“乡镇企业”的兴起以及其后中国作为“世界工厂”的崛起，分析了两条不同的农民工阶级形成路径背后的动力机制，揭示了经济发展模式尤其是工业化模式对农民工阶级形成的深远影响。社会维度主要借鉴布洛维关于“工厂政体”理论框架，分析了二元劳动力市场以及“公民权的差序格局”对农民工阶级形成特点的形塑作用。文化维度主要讨论三个问题：（1）阶级话语的消逝及其对农民工阶级形成的影响；（2）意识形态国家机器对“农民工”的话语建构及其悖论；（3）打工文化的兴起与农民工阶级形成中的“发声”。政治维度主要是分析了农民工草根组织及其向阶级组织发育时所面临的困境，以及不同类型农民工抗争行动对于阶级形成的意义。第六章介绍查理斯·梯利关于无产阶级化的定义与分析框架，对相关理论争议予以简要回顾；结合既有的农民工调查资料尤其是统计数据，尝试对三十多年来农民工的无产阶级化历程及其模式进行初步描述，检视了其人口学特征、社会特点及其无产阶级化的程度。第七章借鉴图海纳的社会学干预方法，对农民工的阶级意识进行干预。研究发现，社会学干预有助于帮助农民工结合自身的经历，深入思考自身与所在阶级的命运，将朴素的个体性阶级体验提升为集体性阶级意识。第八章对影响农民工阶级形成的经济、社会与国家因素予以检视和讨论，对研究中存在的不足进行了较深入的反思，对未来的研究方向予以展望。关键词：农民工 阶级形成 阶级意识 历史社会学 社会学干预 劳工政策

The world's largest working class is in the process of making in China. Based on the perspective of historical sociology，this book attempts to use theoretical framework and conceptual tools borrowing from the sociology of labor，to explore key issues during the class formation and the development of class consciousness of migrant workers. The following is the core problems ：what are the prominent features of the class formation of migrant workers？ How economic factors，social factors，cultural factors and political factors restrict and promote the class formation and the nascent class consciousness of migrant workers？ Comparing with other countries，especially those newly industrialized countries，migrant workers’ class formation and the development of class consciousness will face with what kinds of predicaments？ What is the possible trend of in the future？ How to make an on-the-spot investigation on the dynamic mechanism hiding behind the class formation of the migrant workers from the angle of the proletarianization？ For the researchers and the national governors，the rise of the new working class presents what kinds of challenges？ How to choose and construct the class integration strategies and labor policies that conforming to the historical trend？The major research findings are the following：（1）The economic，social，cultural and political heritages of Socialist China have far-reaching influences to the paths and patterns of Chinese traditional and new working class formation，although the later is shaped more by market and state； at the same time，the class formation of the migrant workers also promotes the transformation of the civil society，market and state regime.（2）The economic centered-factors，the state centered-factors and the society-centered factors all play pivotal role in the making of new working class，which are reflected in the unique characters of class formation of migrant workers，for example，“the class formation without class organization”，etc.（3）On the whole，the class consciousness of the new working class is in the stage of “embryonic trade union consciousness”； using the method of sociological intervention to study the migrant workers is necessary and fruitful，the findings tell us that it will help the workers to sublimate the individual class experience into collective class consciousness，avoiding the shortcomings of old paradigm in the study of working class consciousness. （4）The migrant workers’ class formation and the development of class consciousness will be a long-term multiple open historical process； the relationship between agent and agency，the relationship between the history and will，the relationship between reality and possibility，all will be vividly displayed during this process.The basic structure of this paper is as follows：Chapter one analyzes the literatures of class formation and class consciousness，trying to provide viable theoretical references and research agendas for studying the class formation and class consciousness of the migrant workers.The second chapter is about research framework and specific research methods. Based on the reflection of the existing research paradigm on class formation and class consciousness，this chapter revises the general comparative analytical framework of Katznelson et al.，the framework will be be appropriate for the reality and the experience of Chinese migrant workers. In order to explore the class consciousness of the new working class，the author choose the biography of Chun Tae-il and a film telling his life as the stimulus and design a sociological intervention research agenda.Class formation in communist countries has its own complexity and the peculiarity. In order to understand the historical dynamics and determinants of the class structure and stratification from 1978 to reform era，the third chapter reviews different interpretations and theoretical arguments on the class structure and class relation of socialist countries，especially the class structure and status differentiation in China.The aim of this chapter is provide a historical context to understand how status politics and class politics both change the mororphology of class formation before the market transition.From the angle of historical sociology，this chapter briefly reviews the historical process of the transformation from “class politics” to “status politics” which reshaped traditional working class before the reform era； analyzes the “remaking”，“unmaking” and “withering” of the traditional class in China during the market transition，including its concrete historical process and features.In chapter 4 and chapter 5，drawling lessons from the general comparative analytical framework of Katznelson et al.，the author give a rounded analysis on the class formation and its determinants of migrant workers. The analysis focuses on four dimensions of the class formation； they are economic dimension，societal dimension，cultural dimension and political dimension.As to the economic dimension，the author analyzes the rise of Township enterprises and word factory，the two trajectory of migrant workers’ class formation and the dynamic mechanism behind them，indicating how economic development pattern（especially industrialization mode） have generated ground influence on class formation of migrant workers.As to the social dimension，the author use Burawoy’s theoretical frame work of Factory Regime as reference，analyzing the dual labor market and differential citizenship and their role in shaping the character of the class formation of migrant workers As to the cultural dimension，the author mainly discuss three questions：（1） the fading way of class discourses and its influence on class formation of migrant workers；（2） the ideological state apparatuses and its discourse construction on image the migrant workers and the paradox in this construction；（3） the rising the working class culture and its declaration on workers’ rights and voices.As to the political dimension，the author analyses the migrant workers’ grassroots organizations and their difficulties to warding to the class organization，and different types of migrant workers protests over the meaning of class formation.Chapter 6 introduces Charles Tilly's definition of proleteraalization and his analytical frameworks，and then gives a brief introduction of the theoretical controversies； This chapter combines the existing various survey data on migrant workers（especially statistics data），trying to examine the proletarianization process and pattern of migrant workers over the past 30 years，this class's demographic characteristics，social characteristics and degree of proletarianization.Chapter 7 revises Touraine’s method of sociological intervention，using the biography of Chun Tae-il and a film on his beautiful life as the intervention material，trying to study the class consciousness of migrant workers. The researching finding is that sociological intervention can be helpful for the migrant workers to rethink their own work experiences，think deeply about themselves and the fate of the class they belonging to，to promote their native individual class experience to the degree of the collective class consciousness.Chapter 8 mainly discuses the economic-centered factors，social-centered factors and state-centered factors and their impacts on class formation and class consciousness of migrant workers； reflects the shortcomings in the course of study，and have a advice on the future research and the direction.Key words：Migrant workers Class formation Class consciousness Historical sociology Sociological intervention Labor policy