再版序言2008年是伟大的无产阶级革命导师马克思诞辰190周年，是我国改革开放30周年，也是西方新自由主义经济理论和政策因全球金融危机而破产的一年。很长一段时间以来，人们普遍认为马克思的经济理论已经过时了。但是，随着美国次贷危机的全面爆发，马克思的《资本论》在西方发达国家又骤然热销。实践再次证明，150年前的马克思主义经济理论仍然具有不朽的价值。而我自始至终是一个坚定的马克思主义者。我个人倾注50年心血的《马克思传》的出版（同时出版的还有《恩格斯传》第二版），便是我个人坚持学术信仰的成果体现，同时也是我对当下甚嚣尘上的“《资本论》过时论”的有力回击，更重要的是想借此向诞辰190周年的革命导师马克思致敬。这可以说是我出版此书的初衷。但是，本书的出版得到了政府、学界乃至社会大众的普遍关注，因此，应社会大众与各界同人的普遍要求，《马克思传》第二版如约与大家见面了。从个人总结的角度来讲，我认为本书有以下四个特点：第一，《马克思传》和《恩格斯传》这两部书，均是中国学者撰写的第一本学术研究性的传记，可以说是我国社会科学研究领域的重大突破。由一个人独立完成两位革命导师的单独个人学术传记，这在世界马克思主义研究史上是前所未有的。资料显示，以往只有苏联著名学者梁赞诺夫、法国学者科尔纽撰写过两部马克思恩格斯合传，民主德国学者格列奇夫、前苏共中央党校校长虽然曾经主编过，但都是多人参加的集体编写。其他学者有的只写过马克思传，如德国的梅林、英国的麦克莱伦，有的只写过恩格斯传，如德国的迈耶尔、苏联的斯捷潘诺娃。因此，由我一个人独立撰写的学术研究性的《马克思传》、《恩格斯传》，这在世界马克思主义研究史上是第一次，可以说是填补了世界马克思主义研究史的空白。这两本书称得上是国内首创，国际罕见。第二，《马克思传》和《恩格斯传》这两部书，在内容上各有重点并且互相补充，成为一个统一不可分割的整体。在《马克思传》中描写比较详细的内容，在《恩格斯传》中就相对简略；在《马克思传》中描写比较简略的内容，在《恩格斯传》中则有比较详细的记叙。两者互相参照、互相补充。例如，《马克思传》详细记述了马克思写作《资本论》三大手稿的整个过程，精练归纳了《资本论》四大卷的理论体系、核心内容等；《恩格斯传》则详细记述了恩格斯在整理《资本论》2、3卷过程中所付出的辛勤劳动，以及为捍卫《资本论》的科学性等方面与敌人进行的艰苦卓绝的斗争。第三，《马克思传》和《恩格斯传》这两部书，每一部都是对两位革命导师全景式的描写。书中既讲述他们的革命活动，更描写他们的理论成果。在《马克思传》里，我重点突出了“马克思首先是一个革命家”的形象，全面记述了革命的理论与革命的实践在伟大导师身上的完美结合。同时，我用了两大章的篇幅详细描述了马克思写作《资本论》的过程，对他的三部手稿进行了详细的比较分析，并对《资本论》的核心内容进行了精练的概括。在《恩格斯传》里，我重点讲述了恩格斯的理论成果，如《反杜林论》、《自然辩证法》等，同时着重描述了恩格斯全力协助马克思领导革命活动的过程，体现了革命导师恩格斯甘愿“拉第二小提琴”的谦虚品质与博大胸襟。第四，《马克思传》和《恩格斯传》这两部书，在理论概括上进行了大胆的创新。例如在《马克思传》中，我对《资本论》创作史的分期提出了有别于其他学者的观点。根据马克思主义剩余价值理论的成熟程度和《资本论》整个科学体系的完善程度，我把《资本论》创作史分为三个阶段：第一阶段（1843—1849）是创作《资本论》的准备阶段，马克思经济学说基本形成。这个阶段，马克思奠定了《资本论》的方法论基础，并且已经知道了剩余价值的存在以及如何产生的。第二阶段（1850—1865）是写作《资本论》手稿，马克思经济学说基本建立。这个阶段，马克思写了《资本论》的三部手稿，研究了《资本论》理论部分和剩余价值学说史部分的所有重要问题，建立了《资本论》的科学体系。第三阶段（1866—1883）。《资本论》第1卷于1866年出版，马克思主义经济学说广泛传播，随后继续修改《资本论》第2、3卷。本书的历史分期，既不同于苏联学者列昂捷耶夫的划分，也有别于国内孙开镛等学者的划分，可以说是一种新见解。自从马克思、恩格斯逝世以后，许多人都尝试写两位革命导师的传记，但是，正像国际工人运动的著名活动家威廉·李卜克内西所说“写马克思这样的人必须承担重大的责任”，因此好多学者自知能力不够，难以承担这个责任，也就打消了这个念头。而我的两部作品——《马克思传》和《恩格斯传》，则是从经济学的角度把马克思、恩格斯的革命活动与其理论创造结合起来，这种写法在国内尚属首次，在国际上也不多见。这些都算是我本人对世界马克思主义学术史的一点点贡献。在这里，我没有任何自夸的意思，相反，最终能够完成两位革命导师的学术传记，恰恰是在前人做出的许多有益尝试和探索的基础之上，在前人的启发和鼓舞之下，我吸收国内外诸多学者研究成果的结果。因此，这两部作品的出版，也可以说是我国学术界对马克思主义史的集体贡献，是集体智慧的结晶。在这里，我要感谢长期给予我关心、帮助的专家、学者。特别是要感谢宋涛教授、高放教授、王珏教授和顾锦屏局长，感谢他们对我两部作品的深刻、中肯、全面的评论，才使我的书能够有机会获得政府出版奖。同时，我要感谢中国社会科学出版社责任编辑冯斌先生，感谢他给予我的鼓励与帮助，尤其是他不辞辛苦，积极安排本书适时再版。同时，也要感谢我的学生们，特别是要感谢董继华博士，在工作之余挤时间做了大量工作。总之，这两部作品是集体力量的体现，衷心感谢大家的支持与帮助！是为序！萧灼基2011年4月于中海紫金苑

The year 2008 marks the 190th anniversary of the birth of the great proletarian revolutionary teacher Marx, the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, and the year in which Western neoliberal economic theories and policies went bankrupt due to the global financial crisis. For a long time, it was widely believed that Marx's economic theory was outdated. However, with the full-scale outbreak of the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, Marx's "Capital" suddenly sold well in the developed countries of the West. Practice once again proves that the Marxist economic theory of 150 years ago still has immortal value. And I have always been a staunch Marxist. The publication of the "Biography of Marx", which I have personally devoted 50 years to (along with the second edition of the "Biography of Engels"), is the result of my personal adherence to academic beliefs, and at the same time a powerful response to the current "outdated theory of Capital", and more importantly, I want to pay tribute to the revolutionary mentor Marx on the 190th anniversary of his birth. That's arguably my motivation for publishing this book. However, the publication of this book has received widespread attention from the government, academia and even the public, so in response to the general demand of the public and people from all walks of life, the second edition of the "Biography of Marx" was held as scheduled. From the perspective of personal summary, I think this book has the following four characteristics: First, the two books "Marx Biography" and "Engels Biography" are the first academic research biographies written by Chinese scholars, which can be said to be major breakthroughs in the field of social science research in China. The independent completion of a single academic biography of two revolutionary mentors by one person is unprecedented in the history of world Marxist studies. Data show that in the past, only the famous Soviet scholar Ryazanov and the French scholar Kornyu wrote two joint biographies of Marx and Engels, and although the GDR scholar Grechv and the former president of the Central Party School of the CPSU were once editors-in-chief, they were all collectively compiled by many people. Some other scholars have only written about Marx, such as Merlin in Germany and McClellan in England, and some have only written about Engels, such as Meyer in Germany and Stepanova in the Soviet Union. Therefore, the academic research "Biography of Marx" and "Biographies of Engels" written independently by me alone is the first time in the history of world Marxist research, and it can be said that it fills the gap in the history of world Marxist research. These two books can be called the first in China and rare in the world. Second, the two books "Biography of Marx" and "Biography of Engels" have their own focus and complement each other in content, becoming a unified and inseparable whole. The more detailed content described in the "Biography of Marx" is relatively brief in the "Biography of Engels"; It is described in the "Biography of Marx" with a relatively brief description, and in the Biography of Engels, there is a more detailed description. The two refer to and complement each other. For example, the Biography of Marx describes in detail the entire process of Marx's writing of the three manuscripts of Capital, and concisely summarizes the theoretical system and core content of the four volumes of Capital; The "Biography of Engels" recorded in detail the hard work of Engels in the process of sorting out the 2nd and 3rd volumes of "Capital", and the arduous struggle with the enemy to defend the scientific nature of "Capital". Third, the two books "Biography of Marx" and "Biography of Engels", each of which is a panoramic description of the two revolutionary teachers. The book not only describes their revolutionary activities, but also describes their theoretical achievements. In "Marx's Biography", I highlighted the image of "Marx was first and foremost a revolutionary", and comprehensively described the perfect combination of revolutionary theory and revolutionary practice in the great teacher. At the same time, I have devoted two chapters to describing in detail the process of Marx's writing of Capital, making a detailed comparative analysis of his three manuscripts, and concisely summarizing the core content of Capital. In the "Biography of Engels", I focused on Engels' theoretical achievements, such as "Anti-Dühring", "Dialectics of Nature", etc., and at the same time focused on describing the process of Engels fully assisting Marx in leading revolutionary activities, reflecting the humble quality and broad-mindedness of the revolutionary teacher Engels who were willing to "play the second violin". Fourth, the two books "Biography of Marx" and "Biography of Engels" have made bold innovations in theoretical generalization. For example, in the biography of Marx, I put forward a point of view that is different from other scholars in the periodization of the history of the creation of Capital. According to the maturity of the Marxist theory of surplus value and the perfection of the entire scientific system of Capital, I divide the history of the creation of Capital into three stages: the first stage (1843-1849) is the preparatory stage for the creation of Capital, and Marxian economic theory is basically formed. At this stage, Marx laid the methodological foundation of Capital and already knew the existence of surplus value and how it was produced. The second stage (1850-1865) was the writing of the manuscript of Capital, and Marx's economic theory was basically established. At this stage, Marx wrote three manuscripts of Capital, studied all important issues in the theoretical part of Capital and the historical part of the theory of surplus value, and established the scientific system of Capital. Third phase (1866-1883). Volume 1 of Capital was published in 1866, and Marxist economic theory was widely disseminated, followed by subsequent revisions to volumes 2 and 3 of Capital. The historical periodization of this book is different from the division of Soviet scholars Leondeev and different from the division of domestic scholars such as Sun Kaiyong, which can be said to be a new insight. Since the death of Marx and Engels, many people have tried to write biographies of two revolutionary teachers, but as Wilhelm Liebknecht, a famous activist of the international workers' movement, said, "Writing about people like Marx must bear a heavy responsibility", so many scholars do not know themselves enough to bear this responsibility, so they dismiss this idea. My two works, "Biography of Marx" and "Biography of Engels", combine the revolutionary activities of Marx and Engels with their theoretical creation from the perspective of economics, which is the first time in China and rare in the world. These are all my own small contributions to the academic history of Marxism in the world. On the contrary, I was able to finally complete the academic biographies of the two revolutionary mentors, precisely on the basis of the many useful attempts and explorations made by my predecessors, and under the inspiration and encouragement of my predecessors, I absorbed the results of the research results of many scholars at home and abroad. Therefore, the publication of these two works can also be said to be the collective contribution of China's academic community to the history of Marxism and the crystallization of collective wisdom. Here, I would like to thank the experts and scholars who have given me long-term care and help. In particular, I would like to thank Professor Song Tao, Professor Gao Fang, Professor Wang Jue and Director Gu Jinping for their profound, pertinent and comprehensive comments on my two works, which enabled my book to have the opportunity to win the Government Publishing Award. At the same time, I would like to thank Mr. Feng Bin, the responsible editor of China Social Sciences Press, for his encouragement and help to me, especially his tireless efforts to arrange for the timely republication of this book. At the same time, I would also like to thank my students, especially Dr. Dong Jihua, for doing a lot of work in their spare time. In short, these two works are the embodiment of collective strength, and I sincerely thank everyone for their support and help! is for the order! Xiao Zhuoji in April 2011 at Zhonghai Zijin Yuan（AI翻译）