图书简介
From the diachronic point,female's aesthetic consciousness of the pre-Qin period demonstrates the dynamic course that a kind of constant history turns into.
In the Neolithic Age,female's aesthetic consciousness of the pre-Qin period has already begun to sprout.At the initial aesthetic stage,female's aesthetic consciousness is not one kind that surmount the only existing beautifully of utility,but the one linked deeply to religion and practicality.Prehistoric female's inherent aesthetic consciousness congeals and becomes the concretematerialization shape directly:pottery,sculpture,and mythology which has reflected the of prehistoric female's aesthetic standards directly.In general,themythology hasmainly displayed prehistoric female's vigorous and pliable and tough personality glamour;The pottery has stressed the prehistoric female's soft and simple temperament;The statue has reflected prehistoric female's physique idea of“chubbiness”,which stresses the theme of reproduction worships.From female's aesthetic angle,it is not very obvious that the aesthetic is linked with sex to certain degree,namely consciousness of aesthetic conscientious sex is not outstanding.Because female have not become a kind of aesthetic object yet in prehistoric period,so on aesthetic level,it is not to pursue the gentle,slim,and dispirited feminine charm as a whole,but to advocate a kind of healthy,natural,vigorous,and simple beauty.
In the Shang Dynasty,because of the feeling ofmother-advocating in Shang's culture,female in this period have inherited some aesthetic essential features of prehistoric female in ancient times,which is still relatively healthy naturally to later age;But patriarchy culture had already been born after all,so Yin Shang female held back aesthetically while already beginning to tend towards,move towardswith beautiful,regard moral character as beauty.The aesthetic consciousness of Yin Shang female reflects concretely inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells,in inscription on ancient bronze objects.With the analysis ofwords“the female”and“beautiful”in inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells and the inscription on ancientbronze objects,we find that the aesthetic consciousness of Yin Shang female varies greatly relative to prehistoric period aesthetic.Not only female aremore linked to beauty,but also female begin to have negativemorals value aesthetically.It is not a kind of pure isolated aesthetic incident,but hasmoral integrity value in aesthetic infiltration of field.
In theWest Zhou and the Spring and Autumn period,because of the setting-up of the ceremony and music culture,the awakening of rational doctrine and humanism,female's aesthetic consciousnessmoves towards gradually being conscientious,and some aesthetic interests begin to take shape,having notmerely formed ripe aesthetic standards.Themore important thing is,because people's subject consciousness is raised high in the West Zhou and the Spring and Autumn period,female's aesthetic status begins to establish too.Displaying it in the aesthetic activity,form the sexual relations among the subjects in the aesthetic activity of two sexes ofmen and women;Displaying it on the aesthetic shape,in theWest Zhou and the Spring and Autumn period,nomatterman or female who are tall and big are regarded as beauty;Displaying at aesthetic style,female in the West Zhou and the Spring and Autumn period advocate generally woeship the beauty of strong.
By the Warring States Period,because of the transition of the social cul-ture situation,the further enhancement of patriarchy culture,female's social status declines further.Displaying it in amphiphilic aesthetic relations ofmen and female,female have already changed into the pure aesthetic target,certainly themale desire target too in a certain meaning.Displaying on the aesthetic shape,female aesthetic changes to slim in the Warring States Period; Displaying it on the aesthetic style,female aesthetic just turns into advocating soft and graceful;Displaying on aesthetic value,female aesthetic turns from aesthetic utility to pure aesthetic
From the synchronic point,in the pre-Qin period female not only have rich and varied aesthetic shapes but also have unique aesthetic interest and aesthetic ways.
About the aesthetic shape,the pre-Qin period female show as dance accompanied bymusic,dress while being aesthetic,and the transmit for art of the poem.From the dress aesthetically,female's dress ethics color of the pre-Qin period in the aesthetic meaning has already been established,and has realized establishing thematerial base of female's dress flavor with beautiful artistic conception of the pre-Qin period.Femalemusic in the pre-Qin period has to be one which makes people happy.It has a pure aesthetic purpose only,the utility trend disappears latently.Poem themes of female are full of emotion and calling more;language of the poems of female is full of feel and mobility relatively;It is different from men who pay close attention to moremighty narration,female are good at excavating the twinkling of an eye of life and poesy contained in the triflingmatters of everyday life,so the poem subject relatively has individual nature and daily.
About aesthetic interest,female in the pre-Qin period pursued the aesthetic interest of being neutral,gentle andmoralmainly.Neutralization is devoted to the honest,serious and restrained beautiful pursuitgently interestingly,it is flat to be safe and gentle,does not have toomuch of a good thing,that reflected is that one kind includes control spirit of the doctrine of the golden mean.Man can have one side of Buddha's warrior attendant's glaring eyes,but femalemust hold and keep such a basic aesthetic principle all the time.Moral character is interesting as a kind of aesthetic value judgement,it is aesthetic and interesting that it has already become the pre-Qin period female pursued consciously in the pre-Qin period.Virtuous and benevolent,industrious and kindhearted,happy to lead a simple virtuous life,abide by clear chastity,love such American qualities as the family,etc.Dr.eye:patriotically,have already been contained and taken a photograph of and entered the pre-Qin period in female's pursuit with beautifulmoral character.As a aesthetic category with important sex meaning,the overcast and gentle one just sets themale genital beautifully against interestingly,it reflects a kind of implication is accumulated andmade use of,themakings are deep and remote and gentle and sealing the beauty kept by oneself.Female's aesthetic and interesting historical changes course of the pre-Qin period,namely clear to the Warring States Period and dim and gentle and lovely from the health in time immemorial,spring and autumn,sex consciousness,Confucianism dishes of cultural philosophy,man right consciousness and adult ceremony factor these play a very great role to aesthetic interesting forming,female of the pre-Qin period.
About the aesthetic way,female are different from man too in the pre-Qin period.They attached great importance to the aesthetic ways of the intuition type,combining type,and emotional type.The intuition type stresses a kind of official,non-logical and aesthetic inherent sense aesthetically.Such aesthetic participation has abandoned the involvement of the will,practice,logic,and only paid attention to connection between eye and god,heart and inspiration.The combining type pays attention to the assurance to the intact beautiful image of congealing one in the aesthetic activity,and the comprehensive consideration of thewhole being,itgoes against the splitting the static way of seeing things,also the isolation between people and material,emotion and reason.Emotional aesthetics does not pay attention to self expressing of the reason,will,good,but place people's emotion in the first place.It pays attention to the fluctuation of the self-emotion in people's heart,when being aesthetic,it is natural to involve your feelingswith the things around people,thusmake sure feeling and setting blended,things and people connected.No matter it is the poem of female that permeates with the emotion,or it is the dance accompanied bymusic with feelings,has all fully stated the characteristics of such aesthetic way.
The female aesthetics in pre-Qin period has notmerely influenced the formulation of China's early aesthetic consciousness deeply,and has all exerted an important influence to the China's classical culture,classical art,national character,and even later female aesthetics.
On the impact of China's early aesthetic consciousness,the female aesthetic in the pre-Qin period is significant to formulation of neutral,quietand introspective beauty.On impact to China's classical aesthetic culture,female aesthetic in the pre-Qin period plays great influence to the culture of the five elements,Taoist school culture and Taoism culture.On national character,behaving in middle way,and beingmild,introverted and indifferent to fame or gain and gentle inside,are due to influence of female aesthetic in the pre-Qin period too.
Meanwhile,the aesthetic forming of characteristics about the Chinese classical arts such as female soft and graceful beauty,artistic conception beauty,and life beauty have inherent close relationswith the female aesthetic in pre-Qin period.
In addition,the combination between good and beauty,valuing the virtue instead of appearance set up by female aesthetics in the pre-Qin period has exerted the important influence on the female aesthetics later,namely paying more attention to the moral beauty and the graceful and restrained beautiful aesthetic mode.So far,though it has already 21st century,we are difficult to totally abandon traditional aesthetic standards of female's aesthetics formed in the pre-Qin period.
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