从古史传说来看，昆仑神山、轩辕古国、幽都鬼府构成了横跨天神、人国、地府三界的上古神话时空。即便是先民想象的产物，也总会有历史原型的。综合传世文献与考古资料可知：昆仑山的原型在内蒙古阴山地区；轩辕古国在河北北部、内蒙古东南部、辽宁西部的森林、草原间；最初的幽都原型，在红山文化牛河梁遗址一带。总之，北纬40°以北的广大地域是龙族团最初活跃的历史舞台。而同一时期生活在黄河流域原始族群也有很多，他们有很多支系，共同特征是原始农业比较发达，可概称为华族团。

婚姻是维系各原始族群之间关系的第一条纽带。北方龙族团内部又可以分为很多支系，崇拜龙的部落与崇拜凤的部落之间存在着龙凤婚盟。先夏人和先商人，分别是龙凤两族的一支，也是早期龙凤联盟的主要组成部分。由于在早期婚姻形态下两性结合相对自由，族人辈分无法按父系计算，所以孩子通常随母亲生活在舅舅的氏族里，即舅舅为龙族则外甥为凤族，舅舅为凤族则外甥为龙族。也就是说，从黄帝至大禹一千余年的时间里，龙凤两族“你中有我，我中有你”。

原始五行制度是维系各主要族群的第二条纽带。简单说，原始五行制就是东、南、西、北四方部落首领交会于中央，共同组成五方部落联盟的制度。原始五行制是由黄帝创立的，本质上是原始渔猎、游牧经济的产物。从匈奴铁骑到满洲八旗，在中国北方的森林草原间很容易找到这种制度的活化石。它简单而有效，很容易在比较落后的条件下迅速形成强大的力量中心。

战争从来都是社会矛盾不可调和的产物。贯穿于史前战争中的矛盾主线有两条：前期、中期以龙族团与华族团的矛盾为主，后期以龙凤联盟内夏人与夷人的矛盾为主。

距今5000年前后，东亚气候急剧变化，北方草原气温降低很多，降水大幅减少，龙族团的生存环境显著恶化。迫于生存压力，龙族团在联盟首领黄帝的带领下，挥师南下，于阪泉、涿鹿（即今河北北部张家口地区）同华族团发生大规模冲突，而此时华族团的重要首领有炎帝、蚩尤。战争的结果是炎帝战败、蚩尤被杀。继之，原始华族团四分五裂：炎帝姜氏族与黄帝族组成新的婚姻联盟，即炎黄联盟。同时，炎帝后裔也渐渐加入黄帝所建立的原始五行制度中来，但中央盟联的权力一直把持在龙凤族团的手里。

龙族与华族的矛盾延续了很长时间。九黎或战或和，艰难地生存于各地；三苗或南迁或西迁，并断断续续地与龙族团冲突。由于华族团长期生活于黄河流域，比北方龙族团更适应多水环境，所以当洪水与异族同时来袭时，龙族团以为洪水就是共工氏的“武器”。为应对各种挑战，帝颛顼实施了“绝地天通”的宗教改革：四方首领祭天通神权被分割出去，仅保留了治民权，也就是原来归一位部落首领的权力被分派给两个人；由于中央帝依然集通神权与治民权于一身，因而中央集权得以实现。尽管如此，中央帝还是觉得四方首领各自主政一方的权力太大了，于是便把他们的权力逐渐专门化，即由主政一方改为主管一类事务。水、火、金、木、土、谷被当时人认为是六件最重要的事，中央帝将土、谷管理权留在中央，其余四种被分别派给四方首领来管理，这样东正、南正、西正、北正就逐渐演化成了木正、火正、金正、水正。正，即是官。直到殷商时，官制里还有木正、火正、金正、水正和土正。

随着婚姻制度的发展，龙族团内部龙族夏人与凤族夷人也出现了矛盾。大约到夏禹时代，男人在两性生活中获得了相对优势，可以确定妻族中哪个孩子是自己的，哪个孩子不是自己的。在这样的条件下，有权势的男子就会要求将儿子纳入自己所在的氏族，按父系计算辈分。从传说来看，大禹就曾经提出过这样的要求（归我子）。如果依照原始五行制的老规矩，禹最终应该将中央帝位传给伯益（龙族之甥，凤族之子）；但是，孩子们离开舅族改从父居后，伯益成了外族之人，而龙族的长老们当然不愿意看到龙族的大权旁落外族。正是在这样的条件下，夏启破坏禅让制（即原始五行制）才会成功，因为龙族大部分人都会支持他。夏启继承帝位的阻力主要来自凤族（有扈、后羿等），但历史进步的车轮是任何人也阻挡不了的。至此，中原地区的原始五行制宣告终结。

伏羲女娲在诸神里的辈分很高，通常被视为创世的配偶神或人祖神。他们在各地有很多庙宇，拥有数量庞大的信众。而有其庙宇或崇拜遗迹的地方，往往流传着伏羲女娲生于斯、长于斯、葬于斯的传说。这些传说对于坚定人们的信仰无疑起了很大的作用，但显然是无法作为历史真相来看待的。根据不同时代、不同地域伏羲女娲陵庙、像石的分布规律，可以发现战国时女娲的信众是楚人；由楚人向上到颛顼，由颛顼向上到黄帝，可知女娲是黄帝族所信仰的神灵。西汉以前伏羲与女娲从未同时出现，因而只能分别追溯。“华胥履迹生伏羲”与“姜嫄履迹生后稷”类似，表明伏羲与华胥氏、姜氏关系较密切；伏羲在神农前，神农在黄帝前，黄帝在太皞前，因而伏羲并非龙族的太皞。尽管不容易确定伏羲的出生地，但可以确定他最初是华族崇拜的祖先神。

关键词：五帝；龙族；凤族；华族；五行；原始信仰

From the perspective of ancient history and legends, the Kunlun Divine Mountain, the Xuanyuan Ancient Kingdom, and the Ghost Mansion of the Youdu constitute the ancient mythological time and space spanning the three realms of the Heavenly God, the Kingdom of Man and the Earth Mansion. Even if it is the product of the imagination of the ancestors, there will always be historical prototypes. Comprehensive literature and archaeological data show that the prototype of Kunlun Mountain is in the Yin Mountain area of Inner Mongolia; The ancient kingdom of Xuanyuan was among the forests and grasslands in northern Hebei, southeastern Inner Mongolia and western Liaoning; The original prototype of the Youdu was in the area of the Niuheliang site of the Hongshan culture. In short, the vast area north of 40° north latitude was the historical stage where the Dragon Clan was initially active. At the same time, there were many primitive ethnic groups living in the Yellow River Valley, and they had many branches, and the common feature was that primitive agriculture was relatively developed, which can be collectively called the Chinese ethnic group. Marriage is the first bond that binds primitive peoples together. The Northern Dragon Clan Group can be divided into many branches, and there is a dragon and phoenix marriage alliance between the dragon-worshipping tribes and the phoenix-worshipping tribes. The Xian Xia people and the first merchants were a branch of the Dragon and Phoenix races respectively, and were also the main components of the early Dragon and Phoenix Alliance. Because the union of the sexes was relatively free in the early form of marriage, the generation of the clan could not be calculated according to the paternal line, so the child usually lived with the mother in the uncle's clan, that is, the uncle was a dragon and the nephew was a phoenix, and the uncle was a phoenix and the nephew was a dragon. In other words, for more than a thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to Dayu, the dragon and phoenix races "you have me, I have you". The primitive five-element system is the second link that binds the major ethnic groups. To put it simply, the primitive five-element system is a system in which the leaders of the four tribes of the east, south, west and north meet in the center to form a five-party tribal alliance. The primitive five-element system was founded by the Yellow Emperor and is essentially the product of a primitive fishing and hunting and nomadic economy. From the Xiongnu Iron Horse to the Eight Banners of Manchuria, living fossils of this system can easily be found in the forests and steppes of northern China. It is simple and effective, and it is easy to quickly form a powerful center of power in relatively backward conditions. War has always been the product of irreconcilable social contradictions. There are two main lines of contradiction running through the prehistoric war: the contradiction between the Dragon Regiment and the Chinese Regiment in the early and middle stages, and the contradiction between the Xia people and the Yi people in the Dragon and Phoenix Alliance in the later stage. Around 5,000 years ago, the climate of East Asia changed drastically, the temperature in the northern grasslands dropped a lot, the precipitation decreased significantly, and the living environment of the dragon group deteriorated significantly. Under the pressure of survival, the Dragon Regiment, led by the leader of the alliance, Huangdi, marched south, and clashed with the Chinese group in Hanquan and Zhuolu (present-day Zhangjiakou area in northern Hebei), and at this time the important leaders of the Chinese group were Yandi and Chi You. The result of the war was the defeat of Emperor Yan and the killing of Chi You. Subsequently, the original Chinese group was divided: the Yandi Jiang clan and the Yellow Emperor clan formed a new marriage alliance, the Yanhuang Alliance. At the same time, the descendants of the Yan Emperor gradually joined the primitive five-element system established by the Yellow Emperor, but the power of the Central Alliance Alliance has always been in the hands of the Dragon and Phoenix Tribe. The contradiction between the dragon and the Chinese has lasted for a long time. Jiu Li fought or made peace, struggling to survive everywhere; Sanmiao either moved south or west, and intermittently clashed with the dragon group. Because the Chinese tribe has lived in the Yellow River Valley for a long time and is more adapted to the watery environment than the northern dragon group, when the flood and the foreign race hit at the same time, the dragon group thought that the flood was the "weapon" of the Gonggong clan. In response to various challenges, the emperor implemented the "Jedi Tiantong" religious reform: the divine power of the four chiefs to worship the heavens was separated, and only the right to govern the people was retained, that is, the power that originally belonged to one tribal leader was assigned to two people; Because the central emperor still combined theocracy and civil power, centralized power was realized. Despite this, the Central Emperor felt that the power of the four chiefs was too great, so he gradually specialized their power, that is, from the ruling party to the one in charge of one type of affairs. Water, fire, metal, wood, earth, and valley were considered the six most important things at the time, and the central emperor left the management of soil and valley in the center, and the remaining four were assigned to the leaders of the four sides to manage, so that Dongzheng, Nanzheng, Xizheng, and Beizheng gradually evolved into Muzheng, Huozheng, Jinzheng, and Shuizheng. Zheng is an official. Until the time of Yin Shang, there were still Muzheng, Huozheng, Jinzheng, Shuizheng and Tuzheng in the official system. With the development of the marriage system, contradictions have also arisen between the Dragon Xia people and the Feng Yi people within the Dragon Clan Group. Around the time of Xia Yu, men gained a comparative advantage in the life of the sexes, and could determine which child in the wife family was his own and which child was not. Under such conditions, powerful men would demand that sons be included in their clan and be counted according to the patrilineal line. Judging from the legend, Dayu once made such a request (to my son). If according to the old rules of the original five-element system, Yu should eventually pass the central imperial throne to Boyi (nephew of the dragon clan, son of the Feng clan); However, after the children left the uncle clan and changed to their father's residence, Boyi became a foreigner, and the elders of the dragon clan certainly did not want to see the power of the dragon clan sidelined to the foreign clan. It is under such conditions that Xia Qi's destruction of the Zen system (that is, the primordial five-element system) will succeed, because most of the dragon clan will support him. The resistance to Xia Qi's succession to the throne mainly came from the Feng clan (there were Hu, Houyi, etc.), but the wheel of historical progress could not be stopped by anyone. At this point, the original five-element system in the Central Plains came to an end. Fuxi Nuwa has a high rank among the gods and is often regarded as the mate god of creation or the ancestor god of the world. They have many temples everywhere and have a large number of believers. Where there are temples or worship relics, there are often legends that Fuxi Nuwa was born, grew up in Si, and was buried in Si. These legends have undoubtedly played a great role in strengthening people's beliefs, but they obviously cannot be regarded as historical truth. According to the distribution law of Fuxi Nuwa Mausoleum Temple and Elephant Stone in different eras and different regions, it can be found that the followers of Nuwa during the Warring States period were Chu people; From the Chu people up to the Yellow Emperor, from the Chu people up to the Yellow Emperor, it can be seen that Nuwa is a god believed in by the Yellow Emperor clan. Before the Western Han Dynasty, Fuxi and Nuwa never appeared at the same time, so they could only be traced separately. "Huaxu Trail Sheng Fuxi" is similar to "Jiang Ji Trail Shenghouji", indicating that Fuxi is closely related to Huaxu and Jiang's; Fuxi is in front of Shennong, Shennong is in front of the Yellow Emperor, and the Yellow Emperor is in front of Taihao, so Fuxi is not the Taihao of the dragon clan. Although it is not easy to determine the birthplace of Fuxi, it can be determined that he was originally an ancestral god worshipped by the Chinese people. Keywords: Five Emperors; Dragons; Phoenix clan; Chinese; Wu Xing; Primitive beliefs（AI翻译）