张江

各位专家学者：

大家好！

首先，请允许我代表中国社会科学院，代表王伟光院长，同时也代表本论坛主办方，向参加“首届马克思主义文艺理论论坛暨马克思主义文艺理论与中国文学发展”研讨会的院内外专家学者，表示诚挚的欢迎与感谢，对这次会议的顺利召开表示热烈的祝贺。

首届“中国社会科学院马克思主义文艺理论论坛”在习近平同志主持召开文艺工作座谈会后不久举办，具有特别重要的意义。昨天我们还在这里（就在这个会场）召开了“中国文学批评研究会”成立大会，以及中国社会科学院与《人民日报》共同开设的“文学观象”栏目作者座谈会。昨天的会议与今天的会议内容虽有不同，但两天会议的目的都是一样的，这就是要通过各位的努力，与学界同仁一道，高举马克思主义文艺思想大旗，践行社会主义核心价值观，做好理论研究，搞好文艺批评，切实推动我国文艺事业的健康有序繁荣发展。我相信，今天的学术交流与学术研讨必将结出丰硕的成果，并为以后论坛工作的顺利开展打下良好牢固的基础。

马克思主义文艺理论与文学批评在我国已有近百年的历史，取得了不少成绩和收获，出现了许多有代表性的观点和有影响的理论家。进入21世纪以来，马克思主义文艺理论“中国化”成为理论界提出的新任务，马克思主义文艺理论研究也在这一背景下，对一些理论问题进行了深入探讨，提出了一些有价值的研究成果。但总体来看，这些年的研究并不太让人满意。综合多方面因素，我认为，当前我国马克思主义文艺理论与文学批评存在的问题主要有以下几个方面：（一）马克思主义文艺理论与文学批评研究后备力量严重不足。老一代学人逐渐离退，中年学者屈指可数，年轻一代研究人员较少且研究动力不足。许多学者对马克思学说并不感兴趣，只是急来抱佛脚地临时引用一两句马恩的话，拼用在文章中，全然不顾理解是否准确、论证是否严密，这种状况造成当代我国马克思主义文艺研究实际上处于一种式微的态势。（二）新时期以后，当代西方各种新潮理论被大量引入，使大批富有才华的年轻学者将学术兴趣与精力集中在了这些外来的所谓新理论、新见解上。新学问既时髦又容易出成果，学者们面对职称评定、经济收入等压力，大都不愿在马克思主义文艺研究领域多做停留，客观上也冷落了马克思主义文艺研究。（三）量化的学术体制也是造成我国马克思主义文艺理论研究与批评力量贫弱的原因之一，以致造成学术研究有数量无质量，重复研究多，学术创新少，称赞叫好多，反思批判少。加之大家都是闭门研究，缺乏共同话题，交流不畅，对话不够，难以形成学科优势。（四）缺乏“问题意识”。许多学者宁愿躲进象牙塔中，不关心现实问题，不关心20世纪90年代中期以来，由于全球化、技术化、网络化所引起的社会形态的深刻变化，看不到文艺生活中出现的新情况、新现象，使马克思主义文艺的学术研究丧失了本有的现实品性和批判精神。（五）重理论轻批评，很多研究从理论来到理论去，玩术语，耍技巧，搞迂回，认为这才是真正的学问。不关心具体文艺作品，不关心当下的创作实践，麻木不仁，责任心不强，对一些流行的错误创作倾向和创作思潮不批评，对优秀的文艺作品也不予以扶持和鼓励，丧失了马克思主义文艺批评的热情与勇气。（六）对马克思主义文艺理论原典著作学习不够，对马克思主义文艺理论经典作家的理论研究不够，对不同的马克思主义文艺理论流派辨析不够，对我国马克思主义文艺理论优秀成果也没有很好地总结，缺乏理论自觉，更没有理论自信。以上所有这些问题的造成，与当下有些人对马克思主义文艺理论的理论价值与指导意义重视不够，甚至在思想深处根本上否定马克思主义的理论指导密切相关。在我看来，这才是目前我国马克思主义文艺理论与文学批评乱象丛生的真正原因。

正是基于以上所说的这些问题，在中国社会科学院院党委的支持下，由我牵头专门成立了“中国社会科学院马克思主义文艺理论论坛”，以期通过我们的工作与努力，改变或扭转我国马克思主义文艺理论与文学批评疲弱不振的被动局面。为此，我们给本论坛确定了以下一些发展目标和总体定位：（一）有针对性地对当代流行的文艺思潮、文艺倾向开展学术研究与理论探讨，对一些在群众中流行的文艺作品开展科学有效的文艺评论。对优秀的作品进行肯定，对错误的文艺倾向进行批评，切实推动文艺创作繁荣，使文艺工作更好地为人民服务。（二）充分利用中国社会科学院“马克思主义理论坚强阵地”这一优势，利用中国社会科学院“中国哲学社会科学最高殿堂”这一平台，团结全国马克思主义文艺理论研究与评论队伍，凝聚力量，找准问题，通过理论研讨廓清一些模糊认识，解决思想和理论上出现的错误倾向和问题，推动我国马克思主义文艺理论的理论发展与批评繁荣，为重塑马克思主义文艺理论与文学批评在我国文艺工作中的主导地位与强大影响力鼓与呼。（三）通过主题研讨、学术年会等多种形式，吸引国内研究力量，尤其是年轻学者加入马克思主义文艺理论研究中，发现人才，培养人才，逐步建成一支理论素养高、是非明确、立场坚定、年轻而富有活力的马克思主义文艺理论研究与批评队伍。（四）加强我国马克思主义文艺理论研究成果的宣传力度，实施走出去战略，加强与国外马克思主义文艺研究的合作与联系，组织对重大现实问题和理论问题的学术争鸣，扩大我国马克思主义文艺理论在国际学术界的话语权、影响力。

中国是个大国，这些年我们把经济搞上去了，得到了世界各国的承认。我们的文艺文化建设、我们的精神家园建设也应该迎头赶上。马克思主义作为我们从事社会主义各项建设的理论指南，尤其不能无所作为。党的十八大报告中所提出的“一定要坚持社会主义先进文化前进方向，树立高度的文化自觉与文化自信，向着建设社会主义文化强国宏伟目标阔步前进”的目标，是历史赋予我们的伟大使命，也是党交给的、包括在座各位专家学者在内的文艺工作者义不容辞的光荣任务。对于从事人文社会科学研究的工作者而言，今天我们正处在一个发挥自己聪明才智、实现个人事业发展梦想的最好时机，我们一定要抓住这个机遇，无愧于时代，谱写时代与个人发展的新篇章。

本次论坛以“马克思主义文艺理论与中国文学发展”为总主题，同时设立若干个分议题，供大家讨论，希望与会专家学者在研讨与交流中，更好地总结我国马克思主义文艺理论已经取得的突出成就，科学地认识与评判当前我国马克思主义文艺理论与文学批评存在的问题，实事求是，开拓创新，始终围绕习近平同志在文艺工作座谈会上所提出的文艺“以人民为中心”这一总方针，理论要关注现实，追求真理，批评要敢于说出真话，讲出道理，切实为推动我国文艺工作的健康发展与持续繁荣做出贡献。

最后预祝本次会议圆满成功，祝各位学者身体健康，家庭幸福，万事如意！

2014年11月23日

Zhangjiang experts and scholars: Hello everyone! First of all, on behalf of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, President Wang Weiguang, and the organizers of this forum, please allow me to extend a sincere welcome and gratitude to the experts and scholars inside and outside the academy who participated in the seminar on "The First Marxist Literary and Art Theory Forum and the Development of Marxist Literature and Art Theory and the Development of Chinese Literature", and expressed warm congratulations on the smooth convening of this conference. The first "Marxist Literary and Art Theory Forum of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences" was held shortly after Comrade Xi Jinping presided over the symposium on literary and artistic work, which is of special significance. Yesterday we also held the inaugural meeting of the "Chinese Literary Criticism Research Association" here (at this very venue), as well as a symposium for authors of the "Literary Vision" column jointly launched by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and People's Daily. Although the content of yesterday's meeting is different from today's, the purpose of the two-day meeting is the same, that is, through your efforts, together with colleagues in academic circles, we should hold high the banner of Marxist literary and artistic thought, practice the core socialist values, do a good job in theoretical research, do a good job in literary and art criticism, and earnestly promote the healthy, orderly, prosperous and prosperous development of China's literary and artistic undertakings. I believe that today's academic exchanges and academic discussions will yield fruitful results and lay a good and solid foundation for the smooth development of the forum in the future. Marxist literary theory and literary criticism have a history of nearly 100 years in China, and many achievements and gains have been made, and many representative viewpoints and influential theorists have emerged. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the "Sinicization" of Marxist literary and art theory has become a new task put forward by the theoretical circles, and the research on Marxist literary and art theory has also conducted in-depth discussions on some theoretical issues and put forward some valuable research results in this context. But overall, the research over the years has not been very satisfactory. Based on various factors, I believe that the current problems in Marxist literary theory and literary criticism in China are mainly as follows: (1) The reserve force for the study of Marxist literary theory and literary criticism is seriously insufficient. The older generation of scholars is gradually leaving, there are only a few middle-aged scholars, and the younger generation of researchers is few and has insufficient research motivation. Many scholars are not interested in Marx's theory, but they are just anxious to temporarily quote one or two words from Marne and put them in the article, completely regardless of whether the understanding is accurate and whether the argument is rigorous, and this situation has caused the study of Marxist literature and art in contemporary China to actually be in a situation of decline. (2) After the new period, various new wave theories in the contemporary West have been introduced in large quantities, so that a large number of talented young scholars have concentrated their academic interests and energy on these foreign so-called new theories and insights. The new learning is fashionable and easy to produce results, and most scholars are reluctant to stay in the field of Marxist literature and art research in the face of pressure such as title evaluation and economic income, and objectively snub Marxist literary and art research. (3) The quantitative academic system is also one of the reasons for the weak research and criticism of Marxist literary and art theory in China, resulting in the quantity and quality of academic research, more repeated research, less academic innovation, more praise, and less reflection and criticism. In addition, everyone is studying behind closed doors, lacking common topics, poor communication, insufficient dialogue, and it is difficult to form disciplinary advantages. (4) Lack of "awareness of problems". Many scholars prefer to hide in the ivory tower, do not care about practical problems, do not care about the profound changes in the social form caused by globalization, technology and networking since the mid-90s of the 20th century, and cannot see the new situations and new phenomena that have emerged in literary and artistic life, so that the academic research of Marxist literature and art has lost its inherent realistic character and critical spirit. (5) Emphasizing theory over criticism, many studies go from theory to theory, playing with terminology, playing tricks, and engaging in roundabouts, thinking that this is the real learning. They do not care about specific literary and artistic works, do not care about current creative practices, are insensitive, do not have a strong sense of responsibility, do not criticize some popular erroneous creative tendencies and creative trends, and do not support and encourage excellent literary and artistic works, and lose the enthusiasm and courage of Marxist literary and art criticism. (6) Insufficient study of the original works of Marxist literary and art theory, insufficient theoretical research on classic writers of Marxist literary and art theory, insufficient differentiation and analysis of different schools of Marxist literary and art theory, and failure to properly summarize the outstanding achievements of Marxist literary and art theory in our country, lack theoretical consciousness, and still less theoretical self-confidence. The cause of all these problems is closely related to the fact that some people do not pay enough attention to the theoretical value and guiding significance of Marxist literary and art theory, and even fundamentally deny the theoretical guidance of Marxism in the depths of their thinking. In my opinion, this is the real reason for the chaos in Marxist literary theory and literary criticism in our country at present. It is precisely on the basis of the above problems that, with the support of the Party Committee of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, I took the lead in setting up the "Forum on Marxist Literary and Art Theory of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences", in order to change or reverse the passive situation of weak and sluggish Marxist literary theory and literary criticism in our country through our work and efforts. To this end, we have set the following development goals and overall orientation for this forum: (1) Carry out targeted academic research and theoretical discussion on contemporary popular literary and artistic trends and literary and artistic tendencies, and carry out scientific and effective literary and artistic reviews of some popular literary and artistic works among the masses. We should affirm outstanding works, criticize erroneous literary and artistic tendencies, effectively promote the prosperity of literary and artistic creation, and make literary and artistic work better serve the people. (2) Make full use of the advantages of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' "strong position of Marxist theory" and the platform of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' "highest hall of Chinese philosophy and social sciences" to unite the national team for the study and criticism of Marxist literary and art theory, pool strength, identify problems, clarify some vague understandings through theoretical discussions, solve erroneous tendencies and problems in ideology and theory, and promote the theoretical development and criticism prosperity of Marxist literary and art theory in our country. In order to reshape the dominant position and strong influence of Marxist literary theory and literary criticism in China's literary and artistic work. (3) Through thematic seminars, academic annual conferences and other forms, attract domestic research forces, especially young scholars to join the study of Marxist literary and art theory, discover talents, cultivate talents, and gradually build a team of Marxist literary and art theory research and criticism with high theoretical literacy, clear right and wrong, firm stance, young and full of vitality. (4) Strengthen the publicity of China's Marxist literary and art theory research results, implement the strategy of going out, strengthen cooperation and ties with foreign Marxist literary and art research, organize academic controversy on major practical and theoretical issues, and expand the discourse power and influence of China's Marxist literary and art theory in the international academic community. China is a big country, and over the years we have developed its economy and been recognized by all countries in the world. Our literary and artistic cultural construction and our spiritual home construction should also catch up. Marxism, as a theoretical guide for our efforts in all aspects of socialist construction, should not do nothing. The goal of "adhering to the direction of advanced socialist culture, establishing a high degree of cultural consciousness and cultural self-confidence, and striding forward toward the grand goal of building a strong socialist cultural country" put forward in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a great mission entrusted to us by history and an unshirkable glorious task entrusted by the Party and incumbent upon literary and artistic workers, including all experts and scholars present. For those engaged in humanities and social science research, today we are in the best opportunity to give full play to our wisdom and talents and realize our dreams of personal career development, we must seize this opportunity, be worthy of the times, and write a new chapter of the era and personal development. With the general theme of "Marxist Literary and Art Theory and the Development of Chinese Literature", this forum set up a number of sub-topics for everyone to discuss, hoping that the participating experts and scholars will better summarize the outstanding achievements of China's Marxist literary and art theory in the discussion and exchanges, scientifically understand and evaluate the current problems existing in China's Marxist literary theory and literary criticism, seek truth from facts, pioneer and innovate, and always focus on the general policy of "people-centered" in literature and art put forward by Comrade Xi Jinping at the literary and art work forum Theories should pay attention to reality, pursue truth, criticize should dare to tell the truth, tell the truth, and earnestly contribute to promoting the healthy development and sustained prosperity of China's literary and artistic work. Finally, I wish this conference a complete success, and wish all scholars good health, family happiness and all the best! November 23, 2014（AI翻译）