社会建设是党的十六大以来提出的一个重要命题。社会建设是指社会主体有目的、有计划、有组织进行的改善民生和推进社会管理的社会行为与过程。研究中国共产党的社会建设理论与实践对全面建成小康社会，实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦具有重要的理论及现实意义。中国共产党社会建设理论有着丰富的理论和实践基础。就理论而言，马克思恩格斯的社会有机体理论、人的自由而全面发展的思想、民生思想、社会保障思想以及列宁的社会建设思想，为党进行社会建设提供了宝贵的理论来源。就实践而言，苏联作为第一个社会主义国家其社会建设的探索与实践、新中国成立后三十年党对社会建设探索的正反两方面经验以及改革开放以来社会的转型都为党的社会建设的理论和实践提供了宏大的历史背景。新时期党的社会建设思想，经历了提出、形成到发展完善的演变过程。新时期党对社会建设的探索历程，主要分为四个阶段：一是调整社会关系与社会建设的拨乱反正，主要是十一届三中全会以后至党的十二大之前；二是改革开放起步和全面展开阶段的社会建设，主要是从十二大确定全面改革以后至20世纪90年代初新一轮改革开放热潮掀起之前；三是开始建设社会主义市场经济中的社会建设，主要是党的十四大确立市场经济体制改革目标到基本建成小康社会之时；四是党的十六大提出全面建设小康社会，到构建社会主义和谐社会的提出，一直延续至今。随着党对社会建设的不断探索及实践，对社会建设的地位、内容、重点及原则有了更加深入的理论认识。从“两手抓”到五位一体的思想，反映了不同阶段党的工作的重点。十六大以来，社会建设成为五位一体的重要组成部分，社会建设的内容更是以人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的民生问题为重点。社会建设是一项系统工程，从总体构建层面，要坚持发展社会事业；积极培育和发展社会组织；整合社会管理资源，创新社会管理体制和管理方式，不断提高社会管理的科学化水平；优化社会组织结构，调整社会阶层结构，统筹社会城乡结构，改善人口和家庭结构；整合社会价值，形成主流社会价值；动员社会力量；化解社会矛盾。从微观层面也就是具体领域看，要以社会保险、社会救助、社会福利为基础，以基本养老、基本医疗为重点，以慈善事业、商业保险为补充，加快建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系；坚持德育为先，实施素质教育，提高教育现代化水平，培养德、智、体、美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人，办好人民满意的教育；要大力实施积极有效的就业政策，改善就业结构，不断解决就业难的问题；不断解决收入分配不公的问题，深化收入分配制度改革，千方百计增加城乡居民收入；建立覆盖城乡居民的基本医疗卫生制度，提高居民的健康水平；多谋民生之利，多解民生之忧，在学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居上持续取得新进展，努力让人民过上更好的生活。党的社会建设理论具有人本性和价值性两大特点，有待于在推进中国特色社会主义事业的实践中进一步丰富和发展，所面临的一系列重点和难点问题，需要在改善民生和创新社会管理中加以解决，开创和谐社会人人有责，和谐社会人人共享的生动局面。总的来说，党的社会建设理论与实践，深化了对中国特色社会主义建设规律的认识，加快了推进社会主义现代化的历史进程，提升了中国共产党的执政理念，开创了马克思主义中国化的新境界。

Social construction is an important issue proposed since the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC).Social construction refers to the social subject’s social behavior and social processes to improve people’s livelihood and promote social progress in a purposeful, planned and organized way.A study on CPC’s theory and practice of social construction is of great theoretical and practical significance in building China into a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and realizing the Chinese dream of bringing about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The Party’s social construction theory has a solid theoretical and practical foundation.In terms of theory, Marx and Engels’ social organism theory, the thoughts of man’s free and comprehensive development, the thoughts of the people’s well-being and the social security thoughts, as well as Lenin’s social construction thought, have become a valuable theoretical origin for the Party’s social construction.In terms of practice, the exploration and practice of social construction in the Soviet Union, the first socialist country, CPC’s positive and negative experience in the 30years after the founding of new China, and the social transformation since the reform and opening up have set an impressive background of the theory and practice of the Party’s social construction.The thought of the Party’s social construction in New Period has experienced an evolutional process of proposing, developing and improving.Its practical exploration mainly consists of four stages: the first stage, starting after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and ending before the Twelfth National Congress of the Party, was the adjustment of social relations and the restoration of order; the second stage, beginning with the determination of a comprehensive reform at the Twelfth National Congress of the Party and ending before a new upsurge of reform and opening up in the early 1990s, was the social construction in its initial period and full swing; the third stage, starting with the setting of the market economy system as the reform objective at the Fourteenth National Congress of the Party and ending with the basic establishment of a moderately prosperous society, was the initial social construction in building the socialist market economy; the fourth stage, starting with the proposal of building the moderately prosperous society in an all-round way at the Sixteenth National Congress of CPC, the proposal of building the harmonious socialist society, and lasting to this day.With the continuous exploration and practice on social construction, our Party now has a more in-depth theoretical understanding of the status, content, focus and principles of social construction.Some important thoughts put forward by our Party from the theory of promoting reform and opening to the outside world and at the same time strengthen the construction of the legal system to that of Five-in-one reflect the shift of its work focus at different stages.Since the Sixteenth CPC National Congress, social construction has become an important part of the theory of Five-in-one, and it takes the people’s wellbeing the most direct and practical problem of the people’s greatest concern as its priority.Social construction is a systematic project.Viewing from the overall construction plan, we should insist on the development of social programs, actively cultivate and develop social organizations, integrate social management resources, make innovations in social management system and measures in order to improve continuously the level of scientific social management, optimize social organization structure, adjust social class structure, plan urban and rural structure as a whole, improve population and family structure, integrate social values to form the mainstream one, mobilize all social forces, and resolve social contradictions.From the micro level, we will speed up the establishment of the social security system covering both the urban and rural areas, with social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare as its foundation, old-age pension and medical care as its key, and charity and commercial insurance as its supplement.We will give priority to moral education, carry out quality education to our people’s satisfaction, improve modern education, and cultivate qualified socialist builder and successor with balanced development in morality, intelligence, physical fitness and aesthetics.We will implement proactive employment policy and improve the employment structure to reduce unemployment.We will strive to resolve the problem of unfair income distribution by deepening the reform in income distribution system and using every possible means to increase income for both urban and rural people.We will establish a basic medical health system covering both urban and rural areas to improve the health level of the residents.We will make our utmost effort to benefit people and relieve their anxiety.We will keep a sustained progress in creating such a social situation in which all the people can be educated, all the workers are paid according to labour, all the patients are well-treated, all the elderly are wellsupported, and all the people have their places to live in, and we will exert ourselves to achieve better lives for the people.The theory of social construction by our Party is characterized with“human nature” and “value”, and it remains to be further enriched and developed in the practice of moving forward the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics.It also faces a series of difficulties and key issues, which need to be solved in the process of improving the people’s wellbeing and innovating social management, and consequently initiating a new phase of the harmonious society of “everybody is responsible” and “everybody shares”.In conclusion, the theory and practice of social construction of the Communist Party of China has deepened the understanding of the law of construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improved the progress of socialist modernization, and promoted the ruling concept of the Party.It opens a new stage for the development of Marxism, which fits the reality in China.