在人类历史上，当今无疑是知识增长最为迅速的时代。知识来源于科学，科学的创立与发展，拓展了人类的认知能力，延伸着人们的认知手段。科学的不断发展和成熟，使人们得以不断涉足新的领域并源源不断地获得关于人类自身及其周边世界的知识。关于人类过去的知识，即来自于作为现代科学的考古学。

考古学家从地下发掘出过去的人们所留下的各类物质遗存，经由从“事实”导向理论、由理论重构历史、再由考古材料检验理论科学性的途径，为我们展示出关于过去生活的图景。正如此，考古学的产生和发展自始至终也都是以考古发现为基础的。自20世纪初中国考古学诞生后，通过科学的手段获得的考古发现无以计数，推动了考古学的发展。

进入21世纪以来，全国各地的各类考古新发现层出不穷。其中每年都有不少考古发现，无论是对于拓展考古学的研究领域和方向，还是充实、更新关于过去的知识，都有着特别重要的意义。为了更好地报道和交流考古发现，传播和普及考古学知识，中国社会科学院考古研究所和考古杂志社于2002年创办了“中国社会科学院考古学论坛”。每年年初举办的论坛从前一年全国各地的考古发现中遴选出学术意义最为重要的六项进行展示和交流。

自2002年到2011年论坛举办了10届。把10届论坛的60项考古发现集结出版，这首先就是论坛的一项成果。这60项发现在当年的论坛上即已产生了广泛影响，但其中一些项目在论坛结束后又有持续的发掘和更新的发现。对于每一项考古发现，也只有在进行深入的研究之后才能真正形成知识。随着对各项考古发现的梳理和研究，今天对这些发现的认识已较发掘之初又有所深化。

在10届论坛之后编撰这部书，也是对新世纪头10年考古发现和考古工作的一种总结和回顾。总结有助于深化认识，许多发现都需要经过深入的研究，需要联系其他考古发现甚至结合其他学科的相关知识之后，其重要性才能够从多方面不断显现出来。回顾也是为了反思。2001年，考古杂志社曾组织评选了20世纪100项考古发现，并编撰了《二十世纪中国百项考古大发现》。上世纪100项考古发现的意义是我们站在今天、从中国考古学发展史的立场来理解的，对这些考古发现所解决或提出的学术问题，以及它们在考古学史上的地位，我们也就有了更多的理性反思。

相对于一个世纪，10年还很短暂。我们现在或许还无力去总结中国考古学这10年的特点或认识中国考古学的世纪转折，但在未来，从更远处看历史，对21世纪前10年的考古发现和考古学一定会有更多层面和更深层次的理解与认识。

2001年毕竟是一个时间新坐标，对新的世纪我们总是心怀期望。

Today is undoubtedly the era of the most rapid growth of knowledge in human history. Knowledge comes from science, and the creation and development of science expands human cognitive ability and extends people's cognitive means. The continuous development and maturation of science has allowed people to venture into new areas and gain a steady stream of knowledge about humanity and the world around them. Knowledge about the human past comes from archaeology as a modern science. Archaeologists excavate various material remains left by people in the past from the ground, and show us a picture of past life by guiding theory from "facts", reconstructing history from theory, and then testing the scientific nature of theory by archaeological materials. As such, the emergence and development of archaeology has always been based on archaeological discoveries. Since the birth of Chinese archaeology in the early 20th century, countless archaeological discoveries have been obtained through scientific means, which has promoted the development of archaeology. Since the beginning of the 21st century, various new archaeological discoveries have emerged one after another throughout the country. Many archaeological discoveries are made every year, which are of particular significance for expanding the research field and direction of archaeology, or for enriching and updating knowledge about the past. In order to better report and exchange archaeological discoveries and disseminate and popularize archaeological knowledge, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Archaeological Journal established the "Archaeological Forum of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences" in 2002. The forum held at the beginning of each year selects the six most academically important items from archaeological discoveries across the country in the previous year for display and exchange. From 2002 to 2011, the Forum was held 10 times. The publication of 60 archaeological discoveries from the 10th Forum is first and foremost an outcome of the Forum. These 60 findings had a wide impact at the forum that year, but some of them continued to be excavated and updated after the forum. For each archaeological discovery, knowledge can only be truly formed after in-depth research. With the combing and research of various archaeological discoveries, the understanding of these discoveries today has deepened compared with the beginning of the excavation. The compilation of this book after the 10th Forum is also a summary and review of archaeological discoveries and archaeological work in the first 10 years of the new century. Summarizing helps to deepen the understanding that many discoveries need to be studied in depth, and their importance can continue to emerge in many ways after linking with other archaeological discoveries or even combining relevant knowledge from other disciplines. Retrospective is also for reflection. In 2001, the Archaeology Magazine organized and selected 100 archaeological discoveries in the 20th century and compiled the "100 Great Archaeological Discoveries in China in the Twentieth Century". The significance of the 100 archaeological discoveries of the last century is understood from the standpoint of the development history of Chinese archaeology today, and we have more rational reflection on the academic problems solved or raised by these archaeological discoveries and their status in the history of archaeology. Compared to a century, 10 years is still a short time. We may not be able to summarize the characteristics of Chinese archaeology in the past 10 years or understand the century turning point of Chinese archaeology, but in the future, looking at history from a longer distance, we will definitely have more levels and deeper understanding and understanding of archaeological discoveries and archaeology in the first 10 years of the 21st century. After all, the year 2001 is a new time, and we always look forward to the new century.（AI翻译）