随着经济的快速发展，生态环境对经济发展的阻碍作用日益明显，与经济发展密切相关的生态环境问题越来越引起人们的关注，从一定意义上来说，经济的快速发展和物质享受的增加，在很大程度上是以牺牲环境与消耗资源为代价的，由此会产生了各种生态问题，对人类未来的可持续发展造成了严重的危机。在经济发展过程中，尽可能地减少对生态环境的破坏，并改善生态环境，寻求经济发展与生态环境的协调发展，已成为当代人类关注的永恒主题。生态与经济协调发展就是要在经济的适度发展中，尽可能采用污染少、对生态环境破坏较轻的生产和生活方式，把经济发展对生态环境的影响控制在生态环境的承载力之内，以达到经济的可持续发展，同时又不能因保护生态环境而限制经济的发展。

按照中央的要求，实施《鄱阳湖生态经济区规划》，就是要深入贯彻落实科学发展观，以促进生态与经济协调发展为主线，以体制创新和科技进步为动力，转变发展方式，创新发展途径，加快发展步伐，努力把鄱阳湖生态经济区建设成为全国生态文明与经济社会发展协调统一、人与自然和谐相处的示范区。正如江西省委书记苏荣所阐述的：“建设鄱阳湖生态经济区，特色是生态，核心是发展，关键是转变发展方式，目标是探索和走出一条科学发展、绿色崛起之路。”

江西建设鄱阳湖生态经济区，走生态与经济协调发展之路的本质，就是把鄱阳湖生态经济区经济建设建立在生态环境可承受的基础之上，在保证自然再生产的前提下扩大经济的再生产，从而实现经济发展和生态保护的“双赢”，建立经济、社会、自然良性循环的复合型生态经济区，以带动整个江西的进位超赶，绿色崛起。

鄱阳湖生态经济区生态与经济协调发展的模式，就是以生态环境建设和社会经济发展为核心，遵循生态学原理和经济规律，把鄱阳湖生态经济区生态建设、环境保护、自然资源的合理利用、生态的恢复与鄱阳湖生态经济区社会经济发展及城乡建设有机地结合起来，通过统一规划，综合建设，培养天蓝、水清、地绿、景美的生态环境，引导整体、和谐、开放、文明的生态文化，孵化高效、低耗的现代生态产业，建立人与自然和谐共处的生态社区，实现鄱阳湖生态经济区经济效益、社会效益、生态效益的可持续发展和高度统一。

鄱阳湖生态区生态与经济协调发展需要把握四个方面的特征：

（1）发展要体现质与量的统一。鄱阳湖生态经济区各个部分的发展不仅是数量和规模的变化，也包括质量的变化。人口的发展既有数量和规模的变化，也包括人口素质和能力的提高。物耗和能耗、生态和环境的发展也是如此。

（2）发展要反映环境友好行为。减少污染、保护环境等内容是符合可持续发展要求的，是与环境友好的行为，这种行为越多，社会的可持续发展程度就越高。因此，应提倡设置反映这类活动的指标体系。

（3）发展要突出自然资源的承载力。自然资源是有限的，因此，鄱阳湖生态经济区的发展对各种自然资源及其承载力十分重视，特别强调资源总量、环境容量的承载力问题。

（4）发展中的物耗、能耗不仅强调要流量，也要注重其存量。流量和存量是一对范畴，流量限制于存量是其动态的表现形式，忽视存量，就有可能失之于流量。

江西省经济虽然欠发达，但具有生态环境优势，完全有条件在生态与经济协调发展中大显身手、后来居上。为此，江西应该遵循经济学中的比较优势原则，充分利用生态环境比较优势，实施生态与经济的协调发展战略，将生态环境优势转化为产业优势，建立新型现代生态产业体系，形成发挥区域资源优势和保护生态环境的产业布局、发展方式和消费模式。这不仅有利于统筹鄱阳湖和环湖地区的保护与发展，实现江西“生态立省”与“加快发展”的有机统一，而且有利于形成区域经济增长极，带动整个江西的经济社会发展。

鄱阳湖生态经济区现代生态产业体系建设应以循环经济为核心。一是要树立循环理念，探索循环经济的有效途径，推动“资源—产品—污染排放”所构成的传统模式，向“资源—产品—再生资源”所构成的循环经济模式转变。二是积极发展现代生态农业、现代生态工业、现代生态服务业、生态战略性新兴产业，大力倡导绿色消费，推动发展模式从先污染后治理型向生态亲和型转变，增长方式从高消耗、高污染型向资源节约和生态环保型转变，使生态产业在国民经济中逐步占据主导地位，形成具有江西特色的生态经济格局。

在本书中，我们对鄱阳湖区域的产业体系进行了较为深入的研究，形成了一些有价值的研究成果，有些研究成果已为江西省有关部门所采纳。

（1）鄱阳湖经济区要大力发展现代生态工业。在进一步整合各类工业园区的基础上，推进工业园区的生态化改造。通过优化整合，促进污染项目集中布点，集中治理，达标排放，全面加强开发区和工业园区的生态环境建设。按照产业链、供应链的有机联系，逐步实现上游、中游、下游物质与能力的逐级传递，资源循环利用，污染物减量排放。积极推行清洁生产，推进资源节约与综合利用，发展壮大环保产业。

以现有工业园区为依托，进行优化组合。加快工业园区建设生态化，加大园区基础设施改造，加大原有基础工业、重化工业和机械制造业的技术改造升级。让工业园不仅是创业园，而且成为循环工业、节能减排、集中排污治污集结地，实现中水循环利用的生态园。

（2）鄱阳湖经济区要积极发展现代生态农业。发挥鄱阳湖生态经济区大型商品粮基地的作用，进一步巩固江西省粮食主产区地位。加快鄱阳湖大型优质粮基地建设，注重改善品质，提高效益，实施优质粮食产业化工程。启动生态农业示范县建设，建设一批绿色食品和有机食品生产基地，以畜禽生态养殖示范为抓手，大力发展绿色畜牧业。突出发展适用国内外市场需求的绿色名特优农产品，实现品质优质化、生产集约化、产品安全化和科学管理化。建立农产品生产、加工绿色认证体系，变“绿色壁垒”为绿色动力，扩大绿色农产品的出口。

（3）鄱阳湖经济区要努力做强现代生态旅游业。鄱阳湖地区内自然资源与人文历史资源极为丰富，工农业与旅游业基础较好，名山名水、名镇名楼（包括寺观书院）星罗棋布，赣鄱文化的特色与魅力均在其中。如享誉中外的瓷文化、铜文化、茶文化、书院文化、宗教文化、戏曲文化、候鸟文化等，具有很强的发展潜力与优势。要进一步挖掘和整合生态旅游资源，规划、设计并推出一批生态旅游产品。坚持旅游开发与生态环境建设、历史文化遗产保护同步规划、同步实施，把生态观念和生态文化融入旅游的各个环节。建设若干主题型生态旅游区，使生态旅游成为鄱阳湖生态经济区的重要品牌，带动全省旅游业整体水平的提高。

（4）鄱阳湖经济区要加快发展现代生态服务业。积极发展现代物流业，加快建设现代物流基地和配送中心，开展跨行业、跨地区、跨所有制的现代物流配送业务。建设一批现代化的大型商业服务中心和批发贸易中心，合理布点，建设不同服务层次的商业网点，逐步形成集信息、仓储、加工配送等功能于一体的多层次、专业化、标准化的现代物流网络。改造市区内现有的商业中心，在新市区建设集购物、娱乐、饮食服务于一体的现代化购物中心和一些大型高档次商业中心。加快发展金融业。引进境内外金融机构，特别是已在沿海落户的外资金融机构在南昌设立办事处或分支机构。以金融手段引导生态产业投资导向，重点支持环保清洁产业和生态保护项目的发展。

（5）鄱阳湖经济区要突出发展生态战略性新兴产业。抓好战略性新兴产业发展是江西实现科学发展、进位超赶、绿色崛起的根本希望和主要路径所在。要以将生态战略性新兴产业建设成江西经济未来主导产业为总目标，以抢抓项目为主线，以招商引资和做强做大企业为重点，以设区市与省政府有关部门结合推进为主要方式，以协调组织好产业合作推进会为主平台，通过政策引导、加大投入、启动建设项目、转变消费观念、培育消费市场等，引导和促进江西生态战略性新兴产业的发展。

《鄱阳湖生态经济区产业体系研究》是世界银行资助的研究项目，也是由我主持的学术团队集体完成的研究江西区域经济发展的新作。本书的选题、大纲拟订、主要章节的写作、修改和统稿是以我为主完成的。参加课题研究和本书写作的有南昌大学戴淑燕博士、付智博士、王勇博士；南昌航空工业大学谢奉军教授、杨海军副教授；南昌大学邱文文老师、陈美华老师、谢菲老师等。赵黎黎博士、崔丽硕士、王大林硕士也参加了资料收集、英文翻译工作。中国科学院院士汪集旸教授、中国社会科学院资深教授陈栋生对本课题研究给予了具体指导，武汉大学经济发展研究中心郭熙保教授对研究大纲提出了建设性指导意见。

在课题研究过程中，得到了江西省发改委吴晓军副主任、李庆红处长及鄱阳湖区域有关县市的大力支持，并得到中国社会科学出版社卢小生先生的帮助，在此一并表示衷心的感谢。限于水平，本书的错漏难免，请各位读者批评指正。

黄新建

2011年12月26日

With the rapid development of the economy, the ecological environment to economic development hindering role is becoming more and more obvious, and the ecological environment problems closely related to economic development have attracted more and more attention, in a certain sense, the rapid development of the economy and the increase of material enjoyment, to a large extent at the expense of the environment and consumption of resources, which will produce a variety of ecological problems, the future sustainable development of human beings has caused a serious crisis. In the process of economic development, reducing the damage to the ecological environment as much as possible, improving the ecological environment, and seeking the coordinated development of economic development and ecological environment have become the eternal theme of contemporary human concern. The coordinated development of ecology and economy is to adopt production and lifestyle with less pollution and less damage to the ecological environment as much as possible in the moderate development of the economy, and control the impact of economic development on the ecological environment within the carrying capacity of the ecological environment, so as to achieve sustainable economic development, and at the same time cannot restrict economic development due to the protection of the ecological environment. According to the requirements of the central government, the implementation of the "Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone Plan" is to thoroughly implement the scientific outlook on development, promote the coordinated development of ecology and economy as the main line, take institutional innovation and scientific and technological progress as the driving force, transform the development mode, innovate the development path, accelerate the pace of development, and strive to build the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone into a demonstration area for the coordination and unity of ecological civilization and economic and social development, and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. As Su Rong, Secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, elaborated: "The construction of the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone is characterized by ecology, the core is development, the key is to transform the development mode, and the goal is to explore and embark on a road of scientific development and green rise." "The essence of Jiangxi's construction of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and the road of coordinated development of ecology and economy is to build the economic construction of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone on the basis of the affordability of the ecological environment, expand economic reproduction under the premise of ensuring natural reproduction, so as to achieve a "win-win" of economic development and ecological protection, and establish a composite ecological economic zone with a virtuous cycle of economy, society and nature, so as to drive the entire Jiangxi to catch up and rise green." The model of coordinated ecological and economic development of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone is to take ecological environment construction and social and economic development as the core, follow ecological principles and economic laws, organically combine the ecological construction, environmental protection, rational utilization of natural resources, ecological restoration of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone with the social and economic development and urban and rural construction of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, cultivate an ecological environment of blue sky, clean water, green land and beautiful scenery through unified planning and comprehensive construction, and guide an integrated, harmonious, open and civilized ecological culture. Incubate efficient and low-consumption modern ecological industries, establish an ecological community where man and nature coexist in harmony, and realize the sustainable development and high unity of economic, social and ecological benefits of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone. The coordinated development of ecology and economy in Poyang Lake Ecological Region needs to grasp the characteristics of four aspects: (1) Development should reflect the unity of quality and quantity. The development of various parts of the Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone is not only a change in quantity and scale, but also a change in quality. Population development includes both changes in quantity and scale, as well as improvements in the quality and capacity of the population. The same is true for material and energy consumption, ecological and environmental development. (2) Development should reflect environmentally friendly behavior. Reducing pollution, protecting the environment, etc. are in line with the requirements of sustainable development and are environmentally friendly behaviors, and the more such behaviors, the higher the degree of sustainable development of society. Therefore, the development of indicator systems reflecting such activities should be promoted. (3) Development should highlight the carrying capacity of natural resources. Natural resources are limited, therefore, the development of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone attaches great importance to various natural resources and their carrying capacity, especially emphasizing the carrying capacity of total resources and environmental capacity. (4) Material consumption and energy consumption in development not only emphasize the flow, but also pay attention to its stock. Flow and stock are a pair of categories, flow limited to stock is its dynamic manifestation, ignoring the stock, you may lose the flow. Although the economy of Jiangxi Province is underdeveloped, it has the advantages of ecological environment and has full conditions to play a role in the coordinated development of ecology and economy. To this end, Jiangxi should follow the principle of comparative advantage in economics, make full use of the comparative advantages of the ecological environment, implement the coordinated development strategy of ecology and economy, transform the advantages of the ecological environment into industrial advantages, establish a new modern ecological industrial system, and form an industrial layout, development mode and consumption mode that give play to regional resource advantages and protect the ecological environment. This is not only conducive to coordinating the protection and development of Poyang Lake and the surrounding lake area, realizing the organic unity of Jiangxi's "ecological province" and "accelerated development", but also conducive to forming a regional economic growth pole and driving the economic and social development of the entire Jiangxi. The construction of modern ecological industrial system in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone should take circular economy as the core. The first is to establish a circular concept, explore effective ways of circular economy, and promote the transformation of the traditional model composed of "resources-products-pollution emissions" to the circular economy model composed of "resources-products-renewable resources". The second is to actively develop modern ecological agriculture, modern ecological industry, modern ecological service industry, and ecological strategic emerging industries, vigorously advocate green consumption, promote the transformation of the development model from pollution first and then treatment to ecological affinity, and change the growth mode from high consumption and high pollution to resource conservation and ecological environmental protection, so that ecological industry will gradually occupy a dominant position in the national economy and form an ecological economic pattern with Jiangxi characteristics. In this book, we have conducted in-depth research on the industrial system of the Poyang Lake area, and formed some valuable research results, some of which have been adopted by the relevant departments of Jiangxi Province. (1) The Poyang Lake Economic Zone should vigorously develop modern ecological industry. On the basis of further integrating various industrial parks, we will promote the ecological transformation of industrial parks. Through optimization and integration, we will promote the centralized distribution of pollution projects, centralized treatment, and discharge standards, and comprehensively strengthen the ecological environment construction of development zones and industrial parks. According to the organic connection of the industrial chain and supply chain, gradually realize the step-by-step transmission of upstream, midstream and downstream materials and capabilities, resource recycling, and pollutant emission reduction. Actively promote cleaner production, promote resource conservation and comprehensive utilization, and develop and expand the environmental protection industry. Relying on existing industrial parks, optimize the combination. Accelerate the ecological construction of industrial parks, increase the transformation of park infrastructure, and increase the technological transformation and upgrading of the original basic industry, heavy chemical industry and machinery manufacturing industry. Let the industrial park not only be a business park, but also become an ecological park for recycling industry, energy conservation and emission reduction, centralized sewage discharge and pollution control, and realize the recycling of reclaimed water. (2) The Poyang Lake Economic Zone should actively develop modern ecological agriculture. Give play to the role of the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone as a large-scale commercial grain base and further consolidate the status of Jiangxi Province as a major grain-producing area. Accelerate the construction of a large-scale high-quality grain base in Poyang Lake, pay attention to improving quality, increase efficiency, and implement the project of industrialization of high-quality grain. Start the construction of ecological agriculture demonstration counties, build a number of green food and organic food production bases, and vigorously develop green animal husbandry with livestock and poultry ecological breeding demonstration as the starting point. Highlight the development of green famous and high-quality agricultural products that meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets, and realize high-quality quality, intensive production, product safety and scientific management. Establish a green certification system for the production and processing of agricultural products, turn "green barriers" into green power, and expand the export of green agricultural products. (3) The Poyang Lake Economic Zone should strive to strengthen modern eco-tourism. The Poyang Lake area is extremely rich in natural resources and cultural and historical resources, with a good foundation of industry, agriculture and tourism, famous mountains and waters, famous towns and famous buildings (including temples and colleges), and the characteristics and charm of Gan Po culture are all in it. For example, the well-known porcelain culture, copper culture, tea culture, academy culture, religious culture, opera culture, migratory bird culture, etc., have strong development potential and advantages. It is necessary to further tap and integrate ecotourism resources, and plan, design and launch a number of ecotourism products. Adhere to the synchronous planning and implementation of tourism development and ecological environment construction and historical and cultural heritage protection, and integrate ecological concepts and ecological culture into all aspects of tourism. Build a number of themed eco-tourism zones to make eco-tourism an important brand of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone and promote the improvement of the overall level of tourism in the province. (4) The Poyang Lake Economic Zone should accelerate the development of modern ecological service industries. Actively develop the modern logistics industry, accelerate the construction of modern logistics bases and distribution centers, and carry out cross-industry, cross-regional and cross-ownership modern logistics and distribution business. Build a number of modern large-scale commercial service centers and wholesale trade centers, rationally distribute points, build commercial outlets of different service levels, and gradually form a multi-level, professional and standardized modern logistics network integrating information, warehousing, processing and distribution. Transform the existing commercial centers in the urban area, and build modern shopping malls integrating shopping, entertainment and catering services and some large-scale high-end commercial centers in the new urban area. Accelerate the development of the financial industry. Introduce domestic and foreign financial institutions, especially foreign-funded financial institutions that have settled in coastal areas, to set up offices or branches in Nanchang. Guide the investment orientation of ecological industry with financial means, and focus on supporting the development of environmental protection and cleaning industries and ecological protection projects. (5) The Poyang Lake Economic Zone should highlight the development of ecological strategic emerging industries. Grasping the development of strategic emerging industries is the fundamental hope and main path for Jiangxi to achieve scientific development, overtaking and green rise. It is necessary to take the construction of ecological strategic emerging industries into leading industries in Jiangxi's economy in the future as the general goal, seize projects as the main line, focus on attracting investment and strengthening and enlarging enterprises, take the combination of relevant departments of districted cities and provincial governments as the main way, and coordinate and organize industrial cooperation promotion meetings as the main platform, and guide and promote the development of Jiangxi's ecological strategic emerging industries through policy guidance, increasing investment, starting construction projects, changing consumption concepts, and cultivating consumer markets. "Research on the Industrial System of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone" is a research project funded by the World Bank and a new work on Jiangxi's regional economic development collectively completed by the academic team under my chairmanship. The selection of topics, the formulation of the outline, the writing, revision, and drafting of the main chapters of this book were completed by me. Dr. Dai Shuyan, Dr. Fu Zhi and Dr. Wang Yong of Nanchang University participated in the research and writing of this book; Professor Xie Fengjun and Associate Professor Yang Haijun, Nanchang Aeronautical Technology University; Teachers Qiu Wenwen, Chen Meihua, Xie Fei, etc. of Nanchang University. Dr. Lili Zhao, Master Cui Li and Master Dalin Wang also participated in data collection and English translation. Professor Wang Jiyang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Chen Dongsheng, senior professor of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, gave specific guidance on the research of this topic, and Professor Guo Xibao of the Economic Development Research Center of Wuhan University put forward constructive guidance on the research outline. In the process of research, we received strong support from Wu Xiaojun, Deputy Director of Jiangxi Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Director Li Qinghong, relevant counties and cities in Poyang Lake area, and Mr. Lu Xiaosheng, China Social Sciences Press, and expressed my heartfelt thanks. Limited to the level, errors and omissions in this book are inevitable, please criticize and correct readers. Huang Xinjian, December 26, 2011（AI翻译）