随着经济社会的发展，事关人民群众的生、老、病、死、医、学等民生问题已经日益成为中国政治社会生活中的一个重要焦点。21世纪以来，对社会建设和民生议题的关注也日益成为党和政府执政、施政的重要内容，社会建设的重点是改善民生，民生问题日益政治化。但是在理论上和学术上对于民生问题的研究相对较少，尤其是从政治的视角来研究民生问题，将民生与现有的政治体系、政治制度、政治行动相关联，直接提出民生政治这一概念或以民生政治为议题展开学术性的探索，目前学界的相关研究并不多。而我国经济社会向更高阶段的发展对政治运行模式提出了更高的要求，进一步推进社会主义现代化建设，构建社会主义和谐社会，全面建成小康社会，实现“中国梦”要求研究民生政治，推进民生政治。

基于此，本书将研究对象设定为民生政治这一新的社会现象和社会存在，旨在通过总结、分析当前我国社会生活中所出现的民生问题政治化的发展趋势，以民生政治这一概念从学术上归纳和概括现实世界的相关现象，把民生政治作为一种新的政治学研究框架予以提出，以此作为观察和思考当前中国若干政策变迁和管理转型的新角度，并通过新农村建设中的公共服务来予以解读。

本书是全面系统的对于民生政治的研究。民生政治是指一种贯彻共同建设、共同享有原则，以社会建设为行动基础，以建立和谐社会为行动目标，以着力提高事关广大普通民众幸福安康的日常生活质量为主要行动过程的一种政治理念和政治运行模式。民生政治既是一种学术命题，也是一种现实议题，作为学术命题的民生政治概念的提出和相关分析框架的提出，有利于推进中国特色社会主义理论体系的发展，有利于将现实生活的新变化引导、充实进马克思主义政治学领域，使这一领域获得新的研究血液；作为现实议题的民生政治，所界定的是一种新型的政治理念和政治操作模式，在现实工作中提出民生政治概念，把民生问题提到政治高度，有利于提高各级党政干部重视社会建设，改善民生的政治敏感性，有利于提高民众的实际生活水平，也有利于建构良性的政治文化。民生政治概念这种新视角的提出有两个方面的重要意义：第一，有利于增强各级党政干部促进社会建设发展和改善民生政治的敏感性、主动性和积极性；第二，有利于建构一种新型的良性的执政文化，实现国家建设转型和全面均衡可持续发展。

提出民生政治的研究框架有利于分析中国政治主题的新发展，更好地认识新时期中国社会和政治发展进程的客观趋势。重视民生政治的现实发展，分析现实生活中的民生政治问题，有利于倡导、推进与社会主义和谐社会建设相适应的关注民生、重视民生、改善民生、发展民生的政治程序、政治理念和行动模式。民生政治所显示的治国理政程序是社会主义社会发展的必经之路，民生政治所倡导的公平正义也是社会主义核心价值的必然组成部分。中国特色社会主义民生政治是民生政治理念和模式在当代中国的具体实践，也是当前我国经济社会发展进程中所应着力关注、弘扬的政治理念和政治操作模式，应该成为学界研究现实政治问题的重要视角和分析途径。

本书共有八章。第一章为导论，阐述选题的缘由以及选题的意义，并通过文献综述的形式对当前国内学界与本书议题相关的研究进行了概括。同时，提出了本书的研究目标、思路、理论框架、研究方法，对本书可能存在的创新与不足也进行了预估，简述了本书各部分的内容与总体结构，并对本书的核心观点进行了陈述。

第二章阐述民生政治的概念和理论基础，主要通过对民生、民生政治等核心概念的内涵和外延，尤其是民生政治在现实生活中的意蕴与发展趋势的分析，为民生政治的学术内涵和现实内涵打下基础。重点对民生政治的理论基础进行了梳理，主要包括马克思主义国家本质理论和职能理论，现代政治学的政府理论和公共物品理论，它们是后续论证的重要框架。还对古今中外的有关民生思想进行了梳理，目的是从整体上了解人类社会中的民生主张，它们同样是后续论述的思想基础。

第三章专门论述作为学术命题的民生政治。重点研究如何从政治的视角来看待民生相关议题，形成一套分析、研究当前中国民生问题的学术框架。为此，需要建构民生政治的理论逻辑体系。这一体系由三个原初假设、五对核心变量关系和四个基本命题组成。即在公平正义等政治价值的指引下，以着力界分效率原则与公平原则、个体理性与集体利益、管理职能与服务功能、民主选择与精英决策、一元主导与多元协作等相关范畴间对立统一关系为基础，以国家、政府、人民与政府官员间具有不同的利益诉求和不同的偏好、现代政府的职能尤其是当前中国政府的职能是以善治为目标的政府、管理与服务的合理界分是现代政府管理的必要前提为原初假设，系统论证了民生政治是中国政治主题的新发展、民生政治是社会建设的新动力、民生政治是政治合法性新的增长点、民生政治是公平正义政治价值的新实现四个基本命题。

第四章专门论述中国特色社会主义民生政治。在揭示中国共产党历届领导集体的民生政治主张后，重点对民生政治与中国特色社会主义的联系、中国特色社会主义民生政治的内涵与特征、主要内容、实现路径等问题进行了宏观和理论上的剖析。中国特色社会主义民生政治是指在中国特色社会主义事业中，民生问题越来越成为事关政权巩固、经济发展、人民幸福的重要政治关切，因而需要从政治高度予以关注和解决的一种政治理念和政治运行模式。中国特色社会主义民生政治是民生政治的一个阶段性表现，一种具体形态，在基本内涵和本质特征上是与民生政治相同的。但中国特色社会主义民生政治又有着与一般意义上的民生政治所不同的基本特征：当下性、不平衡性、历时性。中国特色社会主义民生政治的主要内容就是中国特色社会主义五位一体的总体布局中所有与民生相关的议题。当前，整个中国都处于社会转型和矛盾多发期，要有效推进中国特色社会主义民生政治，就必须以改革为总抓手，从以下几个方面着手：推进社会事业改革创新，夯实民生政治的制度基础；有效扩大公共服务，夯实民生政治的物质基础；创新完善社会管理，创造和谐的民生政治环境氛围。

第五章专门论述作为现实议题的民生政治。通过描述新中国成立以来的民生建设实际历程，总结我国当前民生建设所取得的成绩、存在的问题，并指出如果要进一步推进民生建设，需要将民生政治作为一个重要的政治议题，贯彻其民生权益的普惠性、公共服务的均等化、发展进程的有序化三个基本原则，制定大力宣传学习民生政治理念、全方位探索民生政治领域的制度创新与供给、制定民生建设总体规划方案并分步实施、改革官员评价体系并赋予民生政治以更大的权重等若干行动纲领，扎实地予以推进。

第六章论述民生政治在实践中的具体体现。以社会建设以及社会建设的五个主要内容国民教育、劳动就业、城乡居民收入、社会保障、医疗卫生为对象，全面具体地论述了中国特色社会主义民生政治在当代中国实践中的具体表现。从理论上阐明了民生政治作为政治命题与社会建设作为实际工作这二者之间的关系；从民生政治的视角来观察社会建设，在总结成就的基础上，指出了仍然存在的突出矛盾和问题，并提出了解决的对策建议和措施。

第七章专门论述“三农”问题中的民生议题。从民生政治的视角，重点研究“三农”问题，对农村的民生议题进行了深入论述，尤其是以新农村建设中的公共服务下乡为具体案例来解读民生政治是如何在实践中推动和发展进步的。根据民生政治议题，从总体上评估民生政治的新举措——公共服务下乡问题，研究公共服务与民生政治二者之间的逻辑关系，从公共服务体系建设的角度来论述推进新农村建设——“三农”问题中的农村问题、加快农业现代化建设——“三农”问题中的农业问题、保障农民民生权益——“三农”问题中的农民问题。

第八章是结论，将各章节的主要观点贯穿起来，得出核心观点。随着我国社会主义现代化建设和经济社会改革发展的进步，无论是从学术研究还是从实践工作中，有必要提出一种新型的有别于传统政权政治、生产力政治的民生政治命题，并以民生政治概念来解读、统率和加强社会主义社会建设、生态文明建设和其他建设领域的民生议题，改善民生，建设和谐社会，全面建成小康社会。现实生活中的民生政治议题是新中国经济政治和社会事业发展的必然产物，也反映了我国特色社会主义现代化事业发展的曲折进程。当前，要推进民生政治的发展，必须正确认识生产力政治与民生政治的关系，拓宽政府职能范围，正确界分管理与服务，使公共服务成为各级政府行政重要内容。新农村建设中的公共服务是民生政治不断发展的佐证。因此，有必要以更为全面的民生政治体系来观察社会建设、“三农”问题和公共服务下乡，为推进民生工作、全面建成小康社会、实现“中国梦”提供更有力的知识保障和智力资源。

全书以马克思主义为指导，运用规范与实证相结合、演绎与归纳相结合的方法，综合运用马克思主义国家理论和现代政治学政府理论，对民生政治的基本理论体系和实践发展问题进行了较为全面的研究，试图较为系统地提出民生政治的概念，提炼和发掘民生政治的理论要素及其内在逻辑联系，尝试在整体上推进民生政治学的原创性研究；同时试图用社会建设、“三农”问题、公共服务下乡等新史实与民生政治逻辑体系之间进行理论与实践的交互注解，以利于在总体上加深对当前我国经济社会发展进程中新现象、新问题的理解和认识，并提出相关意见和建议。

本书是在我博士论文的基础上补充完善而成的。感谢我的博士导师唐鸣教授，本书写作的全过程都得到导师的悉心指导和热情帮助。恩师学识渊博，治学严谨，乐观豁达，为人谦和，正直大度，无时无刻不深深地感染和激励着我，催我奋进。师恩难忘！

我的硕士导师胡宗山教授，一直十分关心我。他在本书的写作过程中，帮我收集材料，修改文稿，启迪思路，做理论指导，倾注了大量的心血，使全书更趋完善。这种治学的精神和为人师表的风范，令我由衷钦佩，不胜感激！

感谢全国哲学社会科学规划办公室，特别是调研处。感谢“国家社会科学基金后期资助项目”各位评委的辛勤评审和中肯建议。

感谢中国社会科学出版社，特别感谢任明老师，他为本书的出版付出了大量心血。

感谢我任教的湖北科技学院马克思主义学院以及学校科研处的支持。感谢我的老师商文斌教授对我的关心与厚爱。感谢魏自涛教授对我的支持与帮助。在本书撰写过程中还有许多其他帮助过我的专家、老师、同事们，也一并致以衷心的感谢。

感谢我的妻子和女儿，她们多年来无怨无悔的付出和支持是我永远的动力。

本书除得到国家社会科学基金（项目批准号：13FZZ001）的资助外，还得到了湖北省社会科学基金（立项号：2011LZ031）的资助，谨表谢忱；其中部分成果已经在《社会主义研究》《武汉大学学报》《湖北社会科学》等CSSCI源刊以及《湖北科技学院学报》等学术期刊上发表。

囿于本人的学术水平，书中肯定有这样或那样的问题和疏漏，敬请各位专家、同人、读者不吝批评指正。

田新文

2015年春于湖北科技学院揽月湖畔

With the development of economy and society, people's livelihood issues related to the people's life, old age, illness, death, medicine, and learning have increasingly become an important focus in China's political and social life. Since the beginning of the 21st century, attention to social construction and people's livelihood issues has increasingly become an important part of the party's and government's governance and governance, and the focus of social construction is to improve people's livelihood, and people's livelihood issues have become increasingly politicized. However, there are relatively few theoretical and academic studies on people's livelihood issues, especially from the perspective of politics to study people's livelihood issues, to associate people's livelihood with the existing political system, political system, political action, directly put forward the concept of people's livelihood politics or carry out academic exploration on people's livelihood politics, there are not many relevant studies in the academic circles at present. The development of China's economy and society to a higher stage puts forward higher requirements for the political operation mode, further promoting socialist modernization, building a socialist harmonious society, building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and realizing the "Chinese Dream" requires studying people's livelihood politics and promoting people's livelihood politics. Based on this, this book sets the research object as the new social phenomenon and social existence of people's livelihood politics, aiming to summarize and analyze the development trend of politicization of people's livelihood issues in China's social life, use the concept of people's livelihood politics to academically summarize and summarize the relevant phenomena in the real world, and put forward people's livelihood politics as a new political science research framework, as a new angle for observing and thinking about several policy changes and management transformation in China, and interpreting it through public services in the construction of new countryside. This book is a comprehensive and systematic study of people's livelihood politics. People's livelihood politics refers to a political concept and political operation mode that implements the principle of joint construction and common enjoyment, takes social construction as the basis for action, takes the establishment of a harmonious society as the action goal, and focuses on improving the quality of daily life related to the happiness and well-being of ordinary people as the main action process. The proposal of the concept of people's livelihood politics as an academic proposition and the proposal of the relevant analysis framework is conducive to promoting the development of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, guiding and enriching the new changes in real life into the field of Marxist political science, and making this field obtain new research blood; As a practical topic, people's livelihood politics defines a new type of political concept and political operation mode, puts forward the concept of people's livelihood politics in practical work, and raises the issue of people's livelihood to a political height, which is conducive to improving the political sensitivity of party and government cadres at all levels to social construction, improving people's livelihood, improving people's actual living standards, and also conducive to building a benign political culture. The new perspective of the concept of people's livelihood politics is of two significance: first, it is conducive to enhancing the sensitivity, initiative and enthusiasm of party and government cadres at all levels to promote social construction and development and improve people's livelihood politics; Second, it is conducive to building a new type of benign governance culture, realizing the transformation of national construction and comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development. This paper puts forward the research framework of people's livelihood politics, which is conducive to analyzing the new development of Chinese political themes and better understanding the objective trend of China's social and political development process in the new era. Attaching importance to the actual development of people's livelihood politics and analyzing people's livelihood politics in real life is conducive to advocating and promoting political procedures, political concepts and action models that are compatible with the construction of a harmonious socialist society to pay attention to people's livelihood, attach importance to people's livelihood, improve people's livelihood, and develop people's livelihood. The governance procedures shown by people's livelihood politics are the only way for the development of socialist society, and the fairness and justice advocated by people's livelihood politics are also an inevitable part of the core values of socialism. Socialist people's livelihood politics with Chinese characteristics is the specific practice of people's livelihood political concepts and models in contemporary China, and it is also a political concept and political operation mode that should be paid attention to and promoted in the current process of China's economic and social development, and should become an important perspective and analysis way for academic circles to study realpolitik issues. The book has eight chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, which explains the reasons for the topic selection and the significance of the topic selection, and summarizes the current research related to the topic of this book in China in the form of a literature review. At the same time, the research objectives, ideas, theoretical framework and research methods of this book are proposed, the possible innovations and shortcomings of this book are estimated, the content and overall structure of each part of this book are briefly described, and the core ideas of this book are stated. Chapter 2 expounds the concept and theoretical basis of people's livelihood politics, mainly through the connotation and extension of core concepts such as people's livelihood and people's livelihood politics, especially the meaning and development trend of people's livelihood politics in real life, so as to lay a foundation for the academic and practical connotations of people's livelihood politics. The theoretical basis of people's livelihood politics is mainly sorted out, mainly including Marxist theory of the essence of the state and functional theory, modern political science government theory and public goods theory, which are important frameworks for subsequent argumentation. It also sorts out the ideas on people's livelihood in ancient and modern China and abroad, in order to understand the people's livelihood propositions in human society as a whole, which are also the ideological basis for subsequent discussions. Chapter 3 is devoted to the politics of people's livelihood as an academic proposition. It focuses on how to view issues related to people's livelihood from a political perspective, and forms a set of academic frameworks for analyzing and researching current issues of people's livelihood in China. To this end, it is necessary to construct a theoretical and logical system of people's livelihood politics. This system consists of three primordial hypotheses, five pairs of core variable relationships, and four basic propositions. That is, under the guidance of political values such as fairness and justice, on the basis of the antagonistic and unified relationship between the principles of efficiency and fairness, individual rationality and collective interests, management functions and service functions, democratic choice and elite decision-making, unitary dominance and pluralistic cooperation, etc., and based on the different interests and preferences of the state, the government, the people and government officials, the functions of modern government, especially the current functions of the Chinese government are governments that aim at good governance. The rational distinction between management and service is the necessary premise of modern government management, and it systematically demonstrates the four basic propositions that people's livelihood politics is the new development of China's political theme, people's livelihood politics is the new driving force for social construction, people's livelihood politics is a new growth point for political legitimacy, and people's livelihood politics is the new realization of fair and just political values. Chapter 4 is devoted to the politics of socialist people's livelihood with Chinese characteristics. After revealing the people's livelihood politics propositions of the previous leading collectives of the Communist Party of China, the macroscopic and theoretical analysis of the connection between people's livelihood politics and socialism with Chinese characteristics, the connotation and characteristics, main contents and realization paths of socialist people's livelihood politics with Chinese characteristics were analyzed. Socialist people's livelihood politics with Chinese characteristics refers to a political concept and political operation mode in which the issue of people's livelihood has increasingly become an important political concern related to the consolidation of political power, economic development and people's happiness in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, so it needs to be paid attention to and solved from a political height. Socialist people's livelihood politics with Chinese characteristics is a phased manifestation of people's livelihood politics, a specific form, which is the same as people's livelihood politics in terms of basic connotation and essential characteristics. However, socialist people's livelihood politics with Chinese characteristics has basic characteristics that are different from people's livelihood politics in the general sense: immediate, unbalanced, and diachronic nature. The main content of the people's livelihood politics of socialism with Chinese characteristics is all issues related to people's livelihood in the overall layout of the five-in-one socialism with Chinese characteristics. At present, the whole of China is in a period of social transformation and contradictions, in order to effectively promote the socialist politics of people's livelihood with Chinese characteristics, we must take reform as the general grasp and start from the following aspects: promote the reform and innovation of social undertakings, and consolidate the institutional foundation of people's livelihood politics; Effectively expand public services and consolidate the material foundation of people's livelihood politics; Innovate and improve social management and create a harmonious political environment for people's livelihood. Chapter 5 is devoted to people's livelihood politics as a practical issue. By describing the actual course of people's livelihood construction since the founding of New China, this paper summarizes the achievements and existing problems of China's current people's livelihood construction, and points out that if we want to further promote people's livelihood construction, it is necessary to take people's livelihood politics as an important political topic, implement the three basic principles of the universality of people's livelihood rights and interests, the equalization of public services, and the orderliness of the development process, formulate and vigorously publicize and learn the concept of people's livelihood politics, and explore the institutional innovation and supply in the field of people's livelihood politics in an all-round way. Several action plans, such as formulating an overall plan for people's livelihood construction and implementing it step by step, reforming the official evaluation system, and giving greater weight to people's livelihood politics, have been solidly promoted. Chapter 6 discusses the concrete embodiment of people's livelihood politics in practice. Taking social construction and the five main contents of social construction, national education, labor and employment, urban and rural residents' income, social security, and medical and health care as the objects, this paper comprehensively and specifically discusses the specific performance of socialist people's livelihood politics with Chinese characteristics in contemporary China's practice. Theoretically, the relationship between people's livelihood politics as a political proposition and social construction as a practical work is clarified. From the perspective of people's livelihood politics, we observe social construction, and on the basis of summarizing achievements, we point out the outstanding contradictions and problems that still exist, and put forward countermeasures, suggestions and measures to solve them. Chapter 7 is devoted to the issue of people's livelihood in the "three rural areas" issue. From the perspective of people's livelihood politics, this paper focuses on the "three rural issues", and discusses the issues of people's livelihood in rural areas, especially taking public services in the construction of new rural areas as a specific case to interpret how people's livelihood politics promotes and develops progress in practice. According to the political issues of people's livelihood, this paper evaluates the new measures of people's livelihood politics - the issue of public services going to the countryside, studies the logical relationship between public service and people's livelihood politics, and discusses the rural problems in promoting the construction of new rural areas - rural problems in the "three rural areas" problem, accelerating agricultural modernization - agricultural problems in the "three rural areas" problem, and protecting the rights and interests of farmers - the peasant problems in the "three rural areas" problem from the perspective of public service system construction. Chapter 8 is the conclusion, which runs through the main points of each chapter to arrive at the core point. With the progress of China's socialist modernization construction and economic and social reform and development, whether from academic research or practical work, it is necessary to put forward a new type of people's livelihood politics proposition that is different from traditional political power politics and productivity politics, and use the concept of people's livelihood politics to interpret, command and strengthen people's livelihood issues in socialist social construction, ecological civilization construction and other construction fields, improve people's livelihood, build a harmonious society, and build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. The political issues of people's livelihood in real life are the inevitable product of the development of economic, political and social undertakings in New China, and also reflect the tortuous process of the development of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics. At present, in order to promote the development of people's livelihood politics, we must correctly understand the relationship between productive forces politics and people's livelihood politics, broaden the scope of government functions, correctly distinguish between management and services, and make public services an important part of government administration at all levels. Public services in the construction of new rural areas are evidence of the continuous development of people's livelihood politics. Therefore, it is necessary to observe social construction, the "three rural issues" and public services to the countryside with a more comprehensive people's livelihood political system, so as to provide more powerful knowledge guarantee and intellectual resources for promoting people's livelihood work, building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and realizing the "Chinese Dream". Guided by Marxism, the book uses the method of combining normative and empirical, deductive and inductive, comprehensively uses Marxist state theory and modern political science government theory, and conducts a more comprehensive study on the basic theoretical system and practical development of people's livelihood politics, trying to put forward the concept of people's livelihood politics more systematically, refining and exploring the theoretical elements of people's livelihood politics and their internal logical connections, and trying to promote the original research of people's livelihood politics as a whole; At the same time, it tries to use the interactive annotation between theory and practice between new historical facts such as social construction, the "three rural issues", and the rural areas of public services and the political logic system of people's livelihood, so as to help deepen the understanding and understanding of new phenomena and problems in the current process of China's economic and social development on the whole, and put forward relevant opinions and suggestions. This book is based on my doctoral dissertation. Thanks to my doctoral supervisor, Professor Tang Ming, the whole process of writing this book was carefully guided and enthusiastically helped by the supervisor. His profound knowledge, rigorous scholarship, optimism and open-mindedness, humility, integrity and generosity deeply infected and inspired me all the time, urging me to forge ahead. Master Grace is unforgettable! My master's supervisor, Professor Hu Zongshan, has always cared about me. In the process of writing this book, he helped me collect materials, revise manuscripts, enlighten ideas, give theoretical guidance, and poured a lot of effort into making the whole book more perfect. This spirit of learning and the demeanor of being a teacher make me sincerely admire and be grateful! Thanks to the National Office of Philosophy and Social Science Planning, in particular the Research Office. Thank you to the judges of the "National Social Science Foundation Later Funding Project" for their hard work and pertinent suggestions. Thanks to China Social Sciences Press, and especially to Ren Ming, who put a lot of effort into the publication of this book. I would like to thank the School of Marxism of Hubei University of Science and Technology, where I teach, and the support of the Scientific Research Office of the university. I would like to thank my teacher, Professor Shang Wenbin, for his care and love for me. I would like to thank Professor Wei Zitao for his support and help. There are many other experts, teachers, and colleagues who helped me in the writing of this book, and I would like to express my heartfelt thanks. Thanks to my wife and daughter, their uncomplaining dedication and support over the years is my eternal motivation. In addition to the support of the National Social Science Foundation of China (project approval number: 13FZZ001), this book has also been funded by the Hubei Provincial Social Science Foundation (project number: 2011LZ031). Some of these achievements have been published in CSSCI source journals such as "Socialist Research", "Journal of Wuhan University", "Hubei Social Sciences", and academic journals such as "Journal of Hubei Institute of Science and Technology". Due to my academic level, there must be problems and omissions of one kind or another in the book, so please criticize and correct all experts, fans, and readers. Tian Xinwen in the spring of 2015 at Hubei University of Science and Technology on the shore of Lanyue Lake（AI翻译）