趋向动词数量虽少，但汉语位移情境的表达由其承担，而且语义扩展繁丰复杂，致使有关趋向动词或动趋式的研究一直备受关注。然而，动趋式较为核心的问题，如对“趋向”范畴的认识、语义框架、匹配的不对称性等还值得商榷与再探讨，而且动趋式语义的不平衡性还未触及。因此，本书将围绕动趋式的核心问题依次展开专题研究。

1.参照Talmy对运动事件概念结构的分析，结合汉语动趋式的具体情况，离析汉语动趋式的概念语义成分。五大类概念成分：参与者要素，包括凸体、衬体和使事；空间要素，包括方向和位置；运动要素，首先体现为运动的方向性和位移性，位移性又体现为运动方式和运动使因；路径要素，通过趋向动词来表现；主观视点，通过“来”和“去”表现。其中，由于隐喻关系的存在，方向在位移性趋向中表现为空间向，在时体性趋向中表现为时间向。

2.基于汉语动趋式的概念语义成分，分析动趋式的语义扩展路径，并构建动趋式语义框架。

动趋式语义的扩展性，深层次原因是其概念成分的发展变化，是上述要素凸显、淡化、虚化、心理化和隐喻化的过程，是由空间向时间隐喻投射的过程。具体表现为：一是凸体与衬体之间关系的变化，即位置关系、状态关系、时体关系；二是凸体与衬体自身性质的变化；三是运动要素主要是从动词的自移性和使移性到自态性和使态性，再到动词的持续性和反复性的变化；四是随着位移的不断心理化，主观视点逐渐淡化、心理化，甚至消失或者虽然存在但作用较弱。基于此构建的动趋式语义框架为：动趋式的“趋向”义分为位移凸显性趋向（位移性趋向）、位移隐含性趋向（状态性趋向）和位移隐喻性趋向（时体性趋向）。其中，位移凸显性趋向，分为物理位移性趋向和社会心理位移性趋向；位移隐含性趋向，分为位移淡化性趋向和位移虚拟性趋向；位移隐喻性趋向，主要包括时隐喻性趋向和体隐喻性趋向。

3.在动趋式语义扩展方式和语义框架的基础上，重新认识“趋向”。

传统要么将“趋向”认为是结果的一种，要么认为是客观位移的一种，从而对其位移隐含性和位移隐喻性的意义称之为“准动趋式”“动结式”“动态式”等，这无疑将动趋式语义之间的扩展性分割开来。位移的凸显、淡化、隐含，隐喻是汉语认知的结果，有着类型学的个性和共性。因此，我们认为动趋式结构有其自身的独立性，所具有的“趋向”包括具有隐喻扩展关系的位移性趋向、状态性趋向和时体性趋向。

4.通过分析动趋式语义之间扩展能力的差别，指出动趋式语义扩展具有不平衡性。

具体探讨不平衡性的表现和因素。动趋式语义扩展整体具有一条比较完备的路径，不同的动趋式则是该完备路径的部分或整体体现。不同的动趋式的语义扩展路径与整体路径存在一种体现与被体现的关系。具体表现为：（1）客观位移→抽象位移：V进/进去/进来、V出去/出来、V过、V回/回来/回去；（2）客观位移→抽象位移→状态性趋向：V来/V去、V出/出来、V过来/过去、V上来/上去、V下；（3）客观位移趋向→抽象位移趋向→状态性趋向→时体性趋向：V上、V下来、V起/起来。语义扩展能力的差异主要是趋向动词隐喻认知能力差异造成的，尤其是是否具有“时隐喻：过去—现在—将来”、“体隐喻：起始—持续—终结”的隐喻能力；（4）位移+状态→时体：V开/开来；（5）客观位移→抽象位移→时体性趋向：V下去。

5.基于动趋式的概念语义框架，分析了动词与趋向动词组合的基础性语义框架。

基于位移性趋向的动趋语义框架，需要综合动词的位移性及方向性与动词的搭配情况，主要取决于［±定向］/［±泛向］、［±自移］/［±致移］。基于状态性趋向的动趋语义框架，主要取决于［自态］与［使态］，自态表现为［±常态］；使态表现为［致附］/［致离］/［致存］/［致闭］［致现］/［致开］。基于时体性趋向的动趋语义框架，主要取决于［±持续］［±反复］［±完成］。

Although the number of trending verbs is small, the expression of Chinese displacement situations is borne by them, and the semantic expansion is rich and complex, so that the research on trending verbs or verbic forms has been attracting much attention. However, the core issues of dynamic semantics, such as the understanding of the category of "tendency", semantic framework, and matching asymmetry, are still worth discussing and re-discussing, and the imbalance of dynamic semantics has not yet been touched. Therefore, this book will focus on the core issues of dynamic trends. 1. Refer to Talmy's analysis of the conceptual structure of motion events, combined with the specific situation of Chinese kinetic patterns, and isolate the conceptual semantic components of Chinese kinetic forms. Five categories of conceptual components: participant elements, including convex bodies, linings and envoys; spatial features, including directions and locations; The movement elements are first reflected in the direction and displacement of movement, and the displacement is reflected in the mode of movement and the cause of movement; route features, represented by trending verbs; Subjective viewpoint, expressed through "come" and "go". Among them, due to the existence of metaphorical relationships, the direction is manifested as spatial orientation in displacement tendency and temporal orientation in temporal tendency. 2.Based on the conceptual semantic components of Chinese dynamic form, analyze the semantic expansion path of dynamic type, and construct the dynamic semantic framework. The deep-seated reason for the extensibility of dynamic semantics is the development and change of its conceptual components, which is the process of prominent, diluting, blurring, psychologicalizing and metaphorizing the above elements, and the process of projecting from space to time metaphor. The specific manifestations are: first, the change of the relationship between the convex body and the lining body, that is, the position relationship, the state relationship, and the time body relationship; The second is the change of the properties of the convex body and the lining itself; Third, the movement elements are mainly from the self-transposition and transfer of verbs to automorphism and make-state, and then to the change of the continuity and repetition of verbs; Fourth, with the continuous psychotization of displacement, the subjective point of view gradually fades, psychophilizes, or even disappears, or although it exists, the effect is weak. The semantic framework of kinetic behavior constructed based on this is as follows: the meaning of "tendency" of kinetic tendency is divided into displacement prominence tendency (displacement tendency), displacement implicit tendency (state tendency) and displacement metaphorical tendency (temporal tendency). Among them, displacement highlights sexual tendency, which is divided into physical displacement tendency and social psychological displacement tendency; Displacement implicit tendency, which is divided into displacement fading trend and displacement virtuality tendency; Displacement metaphorical tendencies mainly include temporal metaphorical tendencies and volume metaphorical tendencies. 3. On the basis of dynamic semantic expansion mode and semantic framework, re-understand "tendency". The tradition either considers "tendency" as a kind of result or as a kind of objective displacement, and thus calls its displacement implicit and displacement metaphorical meaning "quasi-kinetic", "moving", "dynamic", etc., which undoubtedly separates the expansibility between kinetic semantics. The prominence, dilution, and implication of displacement are the result of Chinese cognition, with typological personality and commonality. Therefore, we believe that kinetic structures have their own independence, and the "tendency" includes displacement tendency, state tendency, and temporal tendency, which have metaphorical extension relations. 4. By analyzing the difference in the expansion ability between dynamic semantics, it is pointed out that dynamic semantic expansion is unbalanced. Specifically explore the manifestations and factors of imbalance. The dynamic semantic extension as a whole has a relatively complete path, and different dynamic forms are part or overall embodiment of the complete path. Different dynamic semantic extension paths have a relationship between embodiment and embodiment with the overall path. The specific manifestations are: (1) objective displacement→ abstract displacement: V in/in/in, V out/out, V over, V back/back/back; (2) Objective displacement→ abstract displacement→ stateful tendency: V coming/V, V out/out, V coming/pasting, V up/up, V down; (3) Objective displacement tendency→ abstract displacement tendency→ state tendency→ temporal somatic tendency: V up, V down, V up/up. The difference in semantic expansion ability is mainly caused by the difference in cognitive ability of verb metaphors, especially whether it has the metaphorical ability of "time metaphor: past-present-future" and "body metaphor: beginning-continuum-end"; (4) Displacement + state→ time body: V on/on; (5) Objective displacement→ abstract displacement→ somatic tendency: V down. 5.Based on the conceptual semantic framework of verbs, the basic semantic framework of verb and tendency verb combination is analyzed. The semantic framework of dynamic tendency based on displacement tendency requires a comprehensive combination of displacement and directionality of verbs and verbs, which mainly depends on [± orientation]/[± generalization], [± self-shift]/[± induced shift]. The dynamic semantic framework based on stateful tendency mainly depends on [self-state] and [enabling state], and self-state is manifested as [± normal]; The state manifests itself as [attached]/[dissociated]/[effluent]/[closed][present]/[open]. The kinetic semantic framework based on temporal tendency mainly depends on [± continuous] [± repeatedly] [± completed].（AI翻译）