From three dimensions of the history，the theory and the practice of South African Communist Party，through summarizing90-year development history of South African Communist Party，taking South African Communist Party exploring the theory and the practice of Socialism as the main line after abolition of institutional racism，the paper carries out the study on South African Communist Party re-exploring the socialism.The full text consists of seven parts over the introduction，the struggle course of South African Communist Party，South African Communist Party exploring the development road of the socialism，South African Communist Party concerning the theory of the future socialist society，the practice of South African Communist Party for the democracy and the socialism，the theory and the practice of South African Communist Party strengthening the party construction，and the conclusion.

The first part is the introduction，mainly clarifying the reason and significance of the research，the status of the research，the thinking and the method of the research，the innovation and shortcomings of the research.

The second part is the struggle course of South African Communist Party，in which90-year tough struggle course of South African Communist Party is divided into three stage：the first stage is the early struggle and forced dissolving period（from1921to1952）；the second stage is the Party reconstruction and the anti-racism period（from1953to1994）；the third stage is the struggle period of South African Communist Party for democracy and socialism（from1995to the present）。

The third part is South African Communist Party exploring the development road of the socialism，mainly expounding the route，the guideline and the basic strategies of the transition to socialism put forward by South African Communist Party based on deeply analyzing the basic national conditions after establishment of the new democratic South Africa.South African Communist Party thought that South Africa was a dependent developing capitalist country.The contradiction between the people of South Africa and imperialism on behalf of Britain，the contradiction between the big landlords and the vast majority of African people（South Africa）（including Asians，Indians and colored people）as well as the white minority's monopoly capital between are the main contradiction of South African society.Current South African revolutionary still features“National Democratic Revolution”in the process of“transition to socialism”.It is the organic combination of national democratic revolution and socialist revolution.And herewith make the political route，the basic strategies of revolutionary reform and the basic guideline of the transition to socialism such as“the future belonging to socialism，the construction coming to begin today！”.Eventually form the socialism theory possessing South African characteristics.

The fourth part is South African Communist Party concerning the theory of the future socialist society，mainly discussing the historical development of South African Communist Party's recognition of the future socialist society，the basic contents of socialist society theory along with the basic characteristics of the future socialist society theory.South African Communist Party thought that the future socialist society should be a democratic，equal and free one，and one abolishing private ownership of the productive means and the various exploitation and oppression through socialist revolution，and one promoting the individual freedom and all-round development of the society.Emphasize on democracy，equality，freedom，the socialization of main economics section.Socialism should adhere to the organic combination of both“efficient program”and“beneficial market”Socialist society persisting in the sustainable development is the basic characteristics that South African Communist Party has some claim about the future socialism society theory.

The fifth part is the practice of South African Communist Party for the democracy and the socialism，mainly expounding South African Communist Party implemented the positive work about the aspects of politics，economy，society and foreign relations after the victory of democratic breakthrough.In politics，South African Communist Party（South Africa）and the ANC（African National Congress”）not only unite each other but also struggle，playing a positive role as participating Party，struggling against the residue of the white racism for democracy and equality.In the economy，and actively promote the economic development of socialist-oriented economic form of South Africa，vigorously carry out against the consequences of financial crisis export.In social activities，start and lead“red-October movement”so as to enhance the effect of the working class.In foreign relations，support the“the New Partnership for Africa's Development”；realize Africa Union and Rejuvenation；oppose the imperialist globalization；strive to realize the“unity of the globalization”

The sixth part is the theory and the practice of South African Communist Party strengthening the party construction，mainly discussing South Africa Communist Party took up with constructing mass pioneer Party，insisted on the development of democratic centralism，strengthened ideological and political work of the Party，improved the theory and practice uniting and cooperating with other countries in the struggle course of leading South Africa people against racism for democracy and socialism South Africa Communist Party was of the opinion that strengthening the construction of the part is the fundamental guarantee of the transition to the socialism.South Africa Communist Party has always adhered to Marx-Leninism as a guide，and devoted to the combination of Marx-Leninism and national conditions，aimed at strengthening self-construction of the Party，and actively carried forward the theoretical innovation of the Party to go in quest of the channels and the methods able to bring into a vanguard role of the Party in the process of the practice.

In the conclusion part，it mainly discusses the basic reasons that compared with other Communist Party of capitalist countries，South African Communist Party possesses distinctive characteristics，analyzing the opportunity and the challenge that South African Communist Party met with in the new historical conditions.South African Communist Party insisted on the basic reasons over holding independent and development road，persisting the combination of Marxism-Leninism basic principle and South Africa national conditions in the long-term struggle，instantly promoting theoretical innovation，correctly adjusting the route and guide and policy of the Party，unceasingly strengthening self-construction of the Party，which results in the Party from the small to the strong，from the dissolution to reconstruction，from the illegal to legal，from the opposition to participation in government，regularly forming a more mature Marxism Party With the development and change of the world conditions，national conditions and Party conditions，South Africa is confronted with aggravated contradictory of the current capitalist country，additionally the progressive social movements has vigorously been growing up with favorable domestic situation after South Africa binging into democracy breakthrough；South Africa possessed the rare development opportunity with favorable terms after participating in politics；it also is confronted with“capitalist strong but socialist weak”and international socialism movement still remaining low tide；South Africa has been meeting by various challenges over South African working class looking towards“multilayer”，the degree of difficulty seeking more support becoming increased，self-construction of South African Communist Party still exiting problems pending solutions etc.Only when South African Communist continuously improves self-construction level and influence on the society，constantly revises and perfects the guideline and the policy in the new practical exploration，incessantly deepens the understanding and recognition on the relationship between national democratic revolution and socialist revolution，will South African Communist become more mature，carry within itself and accumulate inexhaustible strength towards socialist society.