第一节 科学发展观：催生一个新的研究命题

当今世界，随着经济的快速增长，经济与社会发展的不平衡性日益突出，人与自然的矛盾更加尖锐，科学发展问题越来越成为一个重大而严肃的课题。国际上第一部有影响的关于人口、资源、环境与经济发展的研究著作、美国鲍尔丁（Boulding）的《宇宙飞船经济理论》于1966年问世，逐步引起了人们对这方面问题的广泛关注。我国自2003年党的十六届三中全会以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央领导集体提出科学发展观和以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局的重大战略思想以来，人们对科学发展形成了越来越广泛的共识。然而，科学发展观的贯彻实施面对的是各类不同的地区，尤其是最为典型的两类不同地区即发达地区与欠发达地区。发达地区和欠发达地区经济发展所处的阶段不同，科学发展的要求以及所要解决的难点不同，科学发展观贯彻实施的程度和路径选择也就不同。这就需要开展对科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区差别化实施的研究，通过这种比较研究，承认并深刻认识科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻落实的共同点及差异，努力做到贯彻实施的差别化，这对于发达地区和欠发达地区既坚定不移地贯彻科学发展观，又用科学的精神贯彻科学发展观，防止陷入不顾区域客观实际搞“齐步走”的误区，从而确保收到科学发展的良好效果，至关重要。

由此，一个重要的新的研究命题——“科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区的差别化实施研究”应运而生。

从研究现状来看，科学发展观自提出以来，一直是我国学术界研究的热点。探讨的视角涉及经济学、社会学、哲学、伦理学、历史学、政治学、人类学等众多学科。相关学术论文的研究大体集中在：科学发展观产生的依据、科学发展观的内涵、科学发展观的创新性、科学发展观科学性的界定以及如何贯彻落实科学发展观等几个方面。

在如何贯彻落实科学观的研究方面，主要集中在：科学发展观与和谐社会建设；转变观念、树立正确政绩观；消除体制障碍、完善制度设计；建立合理评价体系。2539762这些研究大多从宏观整体角度出发，具有一定的普适性。以发达地区与欠发达地区为划分来研究如何贯彻科学发展观，从文献检索情况看，研究主要集中在欠发达地区，同时对发达地区和欠发达地区的某个区域（例如发达地区江苏的苏南、欠发达地区江苏的苏北）也有研究。大致分为以下四类。

第一类是判定欠发达地区要不要贯彻科学发展观。发达地区和欠发达地区都需要贯彻科学发展观似乎毋庸置疑，但穆虹从欠发达地区干部的思想实际出发，指出虽然科学发展观的科学内涵是清晰而全面的，但是在实际工作中，在发展压力很大的经济欠发达地区，一些人对科学发展观的要求在当地的适用性还有疑虑，认为科学发展对于欠发达地区而言是奢侈品，科学发展只适合于发达地区，欠发达地区更要坚持“发展是硬道理”。穆虹认为，科学发展观与“发展是硬道理”是一致的，经济欠发达地区同样需要科学发展观。要把落实科学发展观的基本要求与国情、省情、市情有机结合起来，选择正确的有特色的发展模式，才能实现跨越式发展2539763。高金浩也认为欠发达地区要实现经济社会持续快速协调健康发展，就必须按照科学发展观的要求发挥比较优势，增创新优势。科学发展观是欠发达地区实现跨越式发展的重大机遇2539764。

第二类是从普遍意义上研究欠发达地区贯彻落实科学发展观的一般思路。胡忠明认为欠发达地区实现科学发展必须以解放思想为先导。他指出思想不解放是欠发达地区发展落后的深层原因，而解放思想正是解决科学发展中存在问题的利器。欠发达地区实现科学发展必须使解放思想逐渐成为思维常式；必须把科学发展的实现度作为解放思想的检验标准，建立健全解放思想的动力机制、落实机制、保障机制；必须努力建设解放思想的政治生态，形成风清气正、团结和谐、激励创新的政治氛围2539765。范春德强调经济欠发达地区坚持科学发展观必须明确主攻方向。目前欠发达地区的主攻方向应该是如何将不发达地区的资源优势转化为经济优势，实施“可持续资源经济”2539766。董河清从发达地区发展的经验教训中，总结得出欠发达地区在实践科学发展观的过程中必须正确处理好五个关系：经济增长与社会发展；经济建设与环境保护；发展速度与经济效益；招商引资与招才引智；物质文明与精神文明。只有正确处理好这五个关系才能真正做到全面、协调、可持续的科学发展，才能做到以人为本2539767。陈慧娟认为欠发达地区的发展要着力解决好“会不会发展、善不善创新、敢不敢探索”的问题。首先，经济欠发达地区要有高点定位、跨越发展的勇气；其次，要以更小的空间谋求更大的发展，坚持走增量型吸纳式发展道路，并且以最小的资源环境代价谋求经济社会持续发展。最后，在工作方法上要善于创新，对于新兴事物要有胆识和魄力加以巧妙运用，走借力发展、高效突破的新路子2539768。

第三类是研究如何运用科学发展观来指导欠发达地区某一方面的发展。例如，黄瑾宏研究了科学发展观与欠发达地区城市化进程之间的关系。认为城市化是欠发达地区实现经济社会跨越式发展的“助推器”，同时也是欠发达地区现代化进程中的主旋律。欠发达地区加快城市化进程，关键在于形成科学的城市化观念。由于欠发达地区农业占比偏高，城市化应首先推行中小城镇战略，同时必须依靠发展县域经济推进欠发达地区城市化。农业产业化是欠发达地区工业化、城市化的一条捷径2539769。科学技术是第一生产力，夏德彦通过分析当前欠发达地区科技事业发展现状，指出欠发达地区唯有实现科学技术上的跨越式发展才能推动经济上的跨越式发展2539770。

第四类是对发达地区或欠发达地区的某一具体区域科学发展观的贯彻实际进行实证分析。例如，在对发达地区江苏苏南贯彻科学发展观的研究方面，陈继红结合无锡的发展情况总结了从“苏南模式”到“新苏南模式”的演变过程，指出“新苏南模式”最基本的内涵是科学发展、和谐发展下的率先发展，本质上是科学发展观在江苏大地上的群众性实践。面对新的机遇和挑战，结合无锡实际，她认为继续实践科学发展观需要冲破“一个束缚”（GDP束缚），突出“三个致力于”取向，即致力于在优化结构上求突破，致力于在推动科技创新创业上求突破，致力于在保护资源环境上求突破2539771。根据科学发展观的核心是以人为本，姜建成提出了“苏南要继续实践科学发展观有赖于苏南人的社会转型”这一观点。第一，观念变革是苏南人社会转型的必要前提。第二，素质提升是苏南人社会转型的本质。第三，能力建设是苏南人社会转型的关键。第四，行为自觉是苏南人社会转型的内在选择2539772。在对欠发达地区苏北贯彻科学发展观的研究方面，宋周等人将宿迁在经济社会发展方面的改革方式总结为“宿迁模式”，并分析了“宿迁模式”的基本内涵：“解放思想”是“宿迁模式”的灵魂；“实事求是”是“宿迁模式”的前提；“以人为本”是“宿迁模式”的核心；“全面协调”是“宿迁模式”的原则。宿迁的改革实践表明，经济社会制度创新是欠发达地区实现更大突破的根本出路。更低的行政成本、更强的干部责任意识、更优的政务环境是欠发达地区软环境方面的竞争优势，是吸引各类生产要素快速聚集的强大动力2539773。翁思杰认为在苏北地区以人为本首先要以人的生存为根本加快经济建设，同时为人的全面发展提供条件；改革与创新是苏北振兴的可持续选择，微观的企业和中观的政府都需要改革和创新2539774。

由以上文献综述可见，国内学术界对于科学发展观在欠发达地区和发达地区贯彻的研究已经有了一些初步的成果，为今后的研究打下了一定的基础，但这些成果或是集中于对欠发达地区的研究，或是集中于对发达地区的研究，将发达地区与欠发达地区结合起来进行比较研究，探讨科学发展观在这两类不同地区之间的差别化实施的成果，除了本课题组周明生、吴正林所发表的文章2539775外，尚未见到这方面的其他成果出现。所以，开展这方面的研究迫在眉睫，本课题研究的理论与现实意义显然可见。

如所共知，全国有个东西问题，江苏有个南北问题。可以说，江苏的苏南、苏北正是全国发达地区、欠发达地区的缩影2539776。因此，本课题即以苏南、苏北为例，研究科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区的差别化实施。

毫无疑义，要对科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区的差别化实施问题进行研究，首先需要对科学发展观有一个明确的认识和较为深入的理解。

第二节 科学发展观：与时俱进的重大战略思想

胡锦涛总书记在党的十七大报告中提出：“科学发展观，是对党的三代中央领导集体关于发展的重要思想的继承和发展，是马克思主义关于发展的世界观和方法论的集中体现，是同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和‘三个代表’重要思想既一脉相承又与时俱进的科学理论，是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针，是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想。”2539777作为这一重大战略思想的科学发展观，是经过几代中央领导集体一步一步发展、演进、创新而成的，尤其得益于改革开放以来邓小平、江泽民所作的渐次铺垫和以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央强烈的创新精神。这可以从以下两方面来看。2539778

一 科学发展视阈的渐次拓展

这一与时俱进的过程经历了由经济建设的新路子—经济增长的新方式—全面发展的新观念的发展演进。

首先是以邓小平为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体提出经济建设的新路子。

1978年党的十一届三中全会召开后不久，面对当时严峻的经济形势，在中央的统一部署下，经过全面贯彻“调整、改革、整顿、提高”的方针，整个经济形势发生了可喜的变化。然而，潜在的危险尚未消除，特别是国民经济比例关系严重失调的状况未能得到有效改变。这就要求党和人民认真探索这些问题产生的深层原因，走出一条真正从我国实际出发的经济建设新路子。正是根据这一要求，经1981年11月召开的中共中央政治局扩大会议研究，第五届人大四次会议政府工作报告明确提出了我国要走出一条速度比较实在、经济效益比较好、人民可以得到更多实惠的经济建设新路子，并依据这条新路子提出了国民经济建设的十条方针。应当看到，当时提出的这条经济建设的新路子和十条方针，是一个重大的进步，已在一定程度上包含着十六大以后提出的科学发展观的核心思想。经济建设的新路子着眼于努力让人民得到更多的实惠，且十条方针明确要求“从一切为人民的思想出发，统筹安排生产建设和人民生活”，一定程度上体现了以人为本和统筹兼顾的理念。经济建设新路子的关键在于处理好比例、速度、效益这三方面的关系，又在一定程度上内含着全面、协调、可持续发展的要求。但是，新路子所直接涉及的毕竟仅仅是经济方面的发展观，与党的十六届三中全会所提出的立足于经济社会和人的全面发展的新发展观尚有明显距离。

其次是以江泽民为核心的党的第三代中央领导集体提出经济增长的新方式。

党和政府提出经济建设的新路子以后，我国的经济建设获得了长足的进步。但从总体上看，由于多种因素的影响，在一个较长时期内我国走的仍是一条粗放型的经济发展道路。粗放型增长方式已成为我国经济社会生活中诸多矛盾和问题的症结所在，而这种情况又与传统的计划经济体制未能根本转轨密切相关。针对这种状况，1995年召开的党的十四届五中全会明确提出加快实现“两个根本性转变”：一是加快实现传统的计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转变；二是加快实现粗放型增长方式向集约型增长方式的转变。由此，我们党提出了经济增长的新方式即集约型经济增长方式，它是指主要依靠提高生产要素的效率来实现经济增长。这一经济增长的新方式，不仅为走好“速度比较实在、经济效益比较好、人民可以得到更多实惠”这条经济建设的新路子进一步明确了关键性的途径，而且在更大的程度上已内含着党的十六届三中全会所提出的“全面、协调、可持续的新的发展观”。不过，这种“新方式”也还仅仅是作为经济增长的新方式，还未能鲜明地提出经济社会和人的全面发展的新理念。

最后是以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央领导集体提出全面发展的新观念。

自1995年党的十四届五中全会提出经济增长的新方式以后，我们党和人民又走过了数年的发展历程。胡锦涛总书记响应实践的呼唤，在一次次深入企业、乡村、城市调查的基础上，提出了全面、协调和可持续发展的新发展观。这种全面发展的新观念第一次明确地将发展从经济领域引向更加广阔的社会领域，并鲜明地突出以人为本，强调经济社会协调发展，因而是对“经济建设新路子”、“经济增长新方式”的进一步发展和重大创新。

二 科学发展理念的渐次强化

这一与时俱进的过程也经历了由关注全面发展—强调全面发展—形成全面协调可持续发展的系统理论的发展演进。

胡锦涛总书记所鲜明提出的全面发展的新观念，也有一个逐步形成的过程。邓小平、江泽民在提出“发展是硬道理”、“发展是第一要务”思想的过程中，已经逐步形成了关于全面发展的思想，并且这一思想得到了渐趋强化。科学发展观正是对邓小平和江泽民关于全面发展思想的继承、发展和创新。

邓小平：关注全面发展。

邓小平强调“以经济建设为中心”，但他并没有因此而忽视全面发展。例如，他提出，两个文明都搞好才是有中国特色的社会主义，“两手抓，两手都要硬”,“科学技术是第一生产力”,“教育是一个民族最根本的事业”等。他提出沿海和内地发展“两个大局”的思想。他在晚年特别强调，要合理调节社会分配关系，避免两极分化，缩小地区间的差别，促进区域之间、城乡之间和各民族之间的共同繁荣和进步。他还是我国义务植树的倡导者，带头参加义务植树活动。《邓小平文选》中只收进了两个题词，一个是关于教育要“三个面向”（“教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来”），一个是关于植树造林（“植树造林，绿化祖国，造福后代”），这都关系到全面协调可持续发展的战略问题。邓小平讲到“小康社会”六个方面的特征，包括保障人民的吃穿用问题，住房问题，就业问题，教育和其他公共福利事业，精神面貌等。2539779这些都是讲的全面发展。可见，邓小平强调以经济建设为中心，同时也关注全面发展。他所强调的“发展是硬道理”中的“发展”，不仅仅指经济发展，而是包含了全面发展。当然，他突出强调的是经济发展，这是因为当时我们党刚刚把工作重点转移到经济建设上来，又处于解决温饱问题的阶段，突出的矛盾和任务就是解决老百姓的生存问题。

江泽民：强调全面发展。

党的十三届四中全会以后，以江泽民为核心的党的第三代中央领导集体认真吸取了20世纪80年代我们党在实际工作中一度出现的“一手硬、一手软”的教训，开始强调并注重全面发展。江泽民关于发展是第一要务中的“发展”更是包含了全面发展。其一，江泽民强调并深刻阐述了社会全面进步和协调发展的思想。他提出“社会主义是全面发展，全面进步的社会”,2539780并先后在党的十三届七中全会和十四届五中全会上，提出建设中国特色社会主义的十二条原则和必须正确处理的十二个关系，其目的就是“适应和促进社会生产力不断发展和社会全面进步”。这就为十六大以后以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央领导集体概括出科学发展观全面协调可持续发展的基本要求，提供了直接的理论来源。其二，江泽民强调并深刻阐述了“以人民群众为本”和“人的全面发展”的思想。他从历史唯物主义的基本原理出发，深刻阐述并明确要求“处处以党和人民的利益为重，以人民群众为本”2539781。他始终坚信，“人是生产力中最具有决定性的力量”2539782。在庆祝建党80周年时，他根据新的历史条件，全面阐述了马克思主义关于人的全面发展的科学命题，认为这是“马克思主义关于建设社会主义新社会的本质要求”，我们建设中国特色社会主义事业，我们进行的一切工作，就是“要着眼于促进人民素质的提高，也就是要努力促进人的全面发展”2539783。所有这些，又为科学发展观一切为了人、一切依靠人的“以人为本”的核心理念提供了重要的理论来源。

胡锦涛：形成全面协调可持续发展的系统理论。

党的十六大以后，以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央领导集体认真总结和汲取国际国内发展的经验教训，针对发展的不平衡问题已成为我国全局性的突出问题的新情况，审时度势，在邓小平、江泽民关于全面发展的思想的基础上继续前进，提出了以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展观，实现了理论上的重大创新。这些重大创新在于：第一次形成了我们党系统的马克思主义发展理论，实现了我们党在发展问题上的认识飞跃，丰富了马克思主义的理论宝库。事实上，每一代马克思主义领导者，包括邓小平、江泽民，也包括毛泽东，都提出了内容比较丰富的关于科学发展的重要思想，但还没有形成关于科学发展的系统理论。有了科学发展观这样一个总范畴、总概念，才把前人一些零散的认识系统化，形成了一个关于科学发展的完整的理论体系。因此，这个概念的提出，创新意义十分重大，它是马克思主义与当代中国实际和时代特征相结合的产物，是我们党对发展问题认识飞跃的标志，也是马克思主义关于社会主义发展理论形成的标志。

正是由于科学发展观的重大创新，科学发展观就成了“我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针”,“发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想”。

第三节 科学发展观：凸显兼容性与深刻性的科学理论体系

科学发展观作为中国特色社会主义理论体系的最新内容，以其鲜明的兼容性和深刻性引领人们实现科学发展。

一 科学发展观的开放性和兼容性

科学发展观既是对我们党几代中央领导集体科学发展理念的继承、发展和创新，又是对国外发展观的借鉴与升华，对当代西方各种发展理念的有效整合与超越。从纵向看，科学发展观是对国外不断演进中的三代发展观的借鉴与升华。在国外，第二次世界大战后人们对发展本质的认识，经历了从经济视角到社会视角再到人的视角的转变过程，并相应地先后提出了三种不同的发展观。

一是20世纪50—60年代，以经济增长为核心的传统发展观即第一代发展观。其基本模式是：发展=经济增长；经济增长=工业化。这种发展观虽对促进经济增长、迅速积累财富起了一定的积极作用，但并没有给人们带来更多的福祉，还出现了高增长下的分配不公、两极分化，社会动荡、环境污染和生态破坏等现象。

二是20世纪70—80年代，以综合发展和可持续发展为核心的第二代发展观。其基本模式是：发展=经济增长+社会进步。在此阶段，人们在肯定增长的基础上，更多地注意到发展中的质量，注意到发展是建立在经济增长基础之上的社会进步的过程。并且认识到，只有这样的综合发展才是可持续的发展。1983年，联合国推出了《新发展观》一书，提出了“整体的”、“综合的”、“内生的”综合发展观。1987年，联合国世界环境与发展委员会又进一步提出了可持续的发展理念。而1992年《里约热内卢宣言》和《21世纪议程》两个纲领性文件的通过，则标志着可持续发展观被全球持不同发展观念的国家所认同。

三是20世纪90年代以来，以人类发展为核心的当代发展观即第三代发展观。其基本模式是：发展=以人为中心+多层面发展+可持续发展。1990年，联合国开发计划署发表了第一份《人类发展报告》（HDR），该报告明确提出发展的目的是改善所有人的生活，发展应当以人为中心，经济增长只是实现这一目的的手段，而不是目的本身。同时，这一组织还设计了旨在体现经济增长、社会进步、环境和谐，旨在反映人类发展状况的人类发展指数（HDI），用来评估各国人类发展的平均成就并进行国别排名。这一做法已引起了各国政策制定者、学术界和社会公众的广泛注意，其影响越来越大。

上述国外发展理论及发展实践中的经验和教训，给我们以深刻启迪，我们党提出的科学发展观正是对这些世界文明成果的借鉴与升华。

从横向看，科学发展观是对当代世界几种发展新趋势和新发展观的综合反映及有效整合与超越。随着工业社会走向知识社会，世界的发展实践出现了许多新的趋势，与这些新趋势相适应，当代发展观又呈现出种种新的思潮。

第一，人性化趋势与以人为本的发展观。人固然是发展的主体，但是在人类社会发展的不同历史阶段，人的地位和作用是很不一样的。工业社会相对于农业社会，人的地位和作用虽然有了较大的提高，但总体而言这种地位和作用还是很有限的。随着工业社会走向知识社会，人的主体地位和主导作用便日益突出来，人的解放和发展、人的现代化的呼声不断增强，人本理性逐渐占据主导地位，从而形成了以人为本的发展观。

第二，整体化趋势与全面、协调发展观。在工业社会，人们普遍关注的是工业文明和经济的发展，相对而言，社会发展被忽视了。随着社会问题的不断暴露，经济社会整体发展成为普遍要求，传统的工业文明观也就逐渐被全面、协调的发展观所取代。

第三，生态化趋势与环境友好发展观。由于传统工业主要是粗放型经济，随着自然资源的大量耗竭，生态环境的严重污染，传统工业日趋危机，而以体现生态文明为特征的新型工业和信息、知识产业便日趋兴旺起来，环境友好发展观开始风靡全球。

第四，国际化趋势与全球发展观。由于跨国公司的迅速发展，国际经济组织的不断拓展，特别是信息网络的全球延伸，国际化的趋势日益增强。人们基于全球发展的思考，提出了各种全球发展理念。

我们党在21世纪初提出的以人为本，全面、协调、可持续的发展观，作为对上述当代世界各种发展新趋势和各种当代发展理念的有效整合与超越，反映了后工业化、后现代化与工业化、现代化的共同要求。同时，也充分体现了我们党所创立的包含科学发展观在内的中国特色社会主义理论体系的开放性和包容性，充分体现了当代中国共产党人海纳百川的博大胸襟和与时俱进的理论品格。

二 科学发展观的务实性和深刻性

（一）发展：科学发展观的第一要义

科学发展观的第一要义是发展，党的十七大报告的这一重要论断鲜明地体现了科学发展观的务实性和深刻性，它与邓小平、江泽民的发展思想也是既一脉相承又与时俱进的。

1.“第一道理”（硬道理）→“第一要务”→“第一要义”。由邓小平的“硬道理”亦即“第一道理”（笔者认为，“硬道理”就是最大的道理，就是“第一道理”）到江泽民的“第一要务”再到胡锦涛的“第一要义”，这样一个演进过程，正好与我们党提出的“分三步走”的发展战略目标相适应，也经历了“三部曲”：

第一步：党的十一届三中全会以后，与实施第一步发展战略目标即实现温饱的目标相适应，以邓小平为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体提出了“发展才是硬道理”的重要思想。

邓小平深刻总结了新中国成立二十多年来的经验教训，冲破以阶级斗争为纲的思想禁锢，果断地把党和国家的工作重点转到社会主义现代化建设上来。他强调以经济建设为中心，“发展才是硬道理”。他指出，中国解决所有问题的关键要靠自己的发展，“最终说服不相信社会主义的人要靠我们的发展”,2539784搞社会主义，中心是发展社会生产力，贫穷不是社会主义。他反复告诫全党要“抓住时机，发展自己，关键是发展经济”，并且在这个问题上要扭住不放，顽固一点。正是在邓小平发展思想的指导下，全党全国上下充满了抢抓机遇谋发展的高涨热情，不管东西南北风，咬定发展不放松，在不太长的时间内就迅速取得了发展的初步成功，于1987年提前三年实现了国民生产总值比1980年翻一番的第一步战略目标。这是“发展才是硬道理”思想的重大成果。

第二步：党的十三届四中全会以后，与实施第二步发展战略目标即实现总体小康的目标相适应，以江泽民为核心的党的第三代中央领导集体提出了“发展是党执政兴国的第一要务”的重要思想。

从“第一道理”（硬道理）到“第一要务”，是江泽民对邓小平发展思想的深化。这可以从两个方面来看：第一，“第一要务”思想把发展与贯彻落实“三个代表”重要思想紧密联系，赋予了发展更深刻的意义。江泽民在《对十六大报告稿的几点意见》中明确指出：“要把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务，这一点十分重要。只有紧紧抓住这一条，‘三个代表’要求才能真正得到落实。”2539785这就使得发展的立意更高，更能彰显发展的深刻意义。第二，“第一要务”思想把发展与党执政兴国相联系，赋予了发展更深厚的力量源泉和我们党更稳固的执政基础。江泽民深刻地指出：“能不能解决好发展问题，直接关系人心向背、事业兴衰”,2539786紧紧把握住发展这个第一要务，“就从根本上把握了人民的愿望，把握了社会主义现代化建设的本质，就能使‘三个代表’重要思想不断落实，使党的执政地位不断巩固，使强国富民的要求不断得到实现”2539787。这样，我国社会主义事业的发展，我们党执政兴国，就能获得更广泛、更可靠的群众基础和更深厚的力量源泉。在邓小平、江泽民发展思想的指引下，全党全国人民继续抢抓机遇谋发展，万众一心搞建设，在提前三年实现第一步战略目标的基础上，又于1995年提前五年实现了国民生产总值比1980年翻两番的第二步战略目标。这不仅是邓小平，而且也是江泽民发展思想的重大成果。

第三步：党的十六大以后，在新世纪新阶段与开始实施第三步发展战略目标即全面建设小康社会目标相适应，以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央领导集体提出了发展是科学发展观“第一要义”的重要思想。

“第一要义”的思想相对于发展是“第一要务”的思想，又是一个前进。这是因为，强调发展是科学发展观的“第一要义”，就把发展提到了科学发展的高度，要求发展是科学意义上的发展，同时又把发展作为贯彻科学发展观最重要的目的，要继续狠抓发展不放松。胡锦涛在党的十七大报告中强调指出：“发展，对于全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化，具有决定性意义。要牢牢扭住经济建设这个中心，坚持聚精会神搞建设、一心一意谋发展，不断解放和发展社会生产力。”2539788在庆祝中国共产党成立90周年大会的讲话中，胡锦涛又进一步提出：“以经济建设为中心是兴国之要，是我们党、我们国家兴旺发达、长治久安的根本要求……今后，我们必须继续牢牢坚持发展是硬道理的战略思想，牢牢扭住经济建设这个中心，决不能有丝毫动摇。”这些论断，寓意极为深刻。

2.对“我国将长期处于社会主义初级阶段”这一基本国情的深刻认识。从邓小平到江泽民到胡锦涛，为何总是咬定发展不放松，始终抓住经济建设这个中心不动摇？归根结底是由对我国将长期处于社会主义初级阶段这一基本国情清醒而深刻的认识所决定的。党的十七大报告指出，虽然“经过新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来的不懈努力，我国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，从生产力到生产关系、从经济基础到上层建筑都发生了意义深远的重大变化，但我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变”。2539789在庆祝中国共产党成立90周年大会讲话中，胡锦涛在重申当代中国上述“两个没有变”的同时，又加上了一个“没有变”，即“我国是世界上最大的发展中国家的国际地位没有变”，并进一步强调指出：“发展仍然是解决我国所有问题的关键。”这“两个没有变”、“三个没有变”，就从根本上决定了我们要坚持党的基本路线一百年不动摇，要坚持经济建设为中心一百年不动摇，要坚持发展这个“第一道理”、“第一要务”、“第一要义”一百年不动摇。科学发展观正是坚持了发展这个“第一要义”，符合我国将长期处于社会主义初级阶段这一最大实际，所以就从根本上决定了它是一种科学的理论。

（二）四个“必须坚持”：科学发展观的深刻内涵

科学发展观丰富而深刻的内涵，集中体现在十七大报告提出的四个“必须坚持”：一是必须坚持把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务。这是要坚持科学发展观的第一要义；二是必须坚持以人为本。这是要坚持科学发展观的核心；三是必须坚持全面协调可持续发展。这是要坚持科学发展观的基本要求；四是必须坚持统筹兼顾。这是要坚持科学发展观的根本方法。

在科学发展观丰富而深刻的内涵中，核心是以人为本，其他内涵都是围绕这一核心而展开和派生出来的。以人为本是我们党理论创新成果的灵魂，是执政党价值取向的充分展现，也是中华传统文化的精华。正所谓“夫王霸之所始也，以人为本，本理则国固，本危则国乱”。2539790可见我们的先人早在2300年前就将以人为本作为治国理政的重要理念和方略了。当然，我们今天所讲的“以人为本”，无疑被赋予了新的时代意义。

对于以人为本的深层内涵，可以从以下五个层面加以剖析：一是以人为本的“人”是指何人？“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。”2539791“天之生民，非为君也；天之生君，以为民也。”2539792可见，以人为本实际上就是“以民为本”。在今天的中国，以人为本的“人”是指最广大的人民群众，而不是指少数人。二是以人为本的“本”是指何意？以人为本的“本”就是指“根本”，以人为本，就是以人为根本，以广大人民群众为根本。三是以人为本是以人的什么为本？以人为本是以人的全面发展为本，是以人民群众的根本利益为本。推动经济社会发展的一切努力，都是以满足最广大人民群众的利益需求为根本目的的。因此，要让发展成果惠及全体人民。四是以人为本是谁以人为本？即以人为本的主体是谁？在今天，这个主体应是各级党组织、各级人民政府和各级领导班子。而党组织和政府是代表人民利益的，因此，以人为本从根本上来说，是人民群众以自己的根本利益为本。从这个意义上说，人民群众中的每个人都需要具有以人为本的理念，都需要关心他人，爱护他人，不损害他人的利益。五是以人为本的对应面是什么？以人为本的对应面是以物为本。以人为本的发展观是科学发展观，以物为本的发展观是传统发展观，这种发展观见物不见人，将经济增长作为发展的根本目的，由此必定付出高昂的社会代价特别是资源和环境代价。

（三）实现又好又快发展：科学发展观的精神实质

科学发展观的实质是要实现发展的又好又快。这里有两个层面的问题值得深入思考。

第一，我国原来主要是追求“快”，现在主要是追求“好”，现在不是要“又快又好”，而是要“又好又快”，为什么？

这是因为，我们过去主要追求“快”遇到了三大矛盾：一是经济高速增长与资源、环境承载能力之间的矛盾。首先是资源消耗严重，其次是环境破坏严重。二是经济高速增长与国际社会承受能力之间的矛盾。国际社会面对中国经济的高速增长有两个方面的承受能力问题。一方面是对中国高速增长所带来的一系列问题的担心，另一方面是对中国经济高速增长、实力不断强大的恐惧。三是经济快速增长、财富总量迅速膨胀过程中财富分配不均与国内老百姓心理承受能力之间的矛盾。上述一、二两大矛盾要求我们理性发展、科学发展，第三大矛盾要求我们和谐发展。三大矛盾综合在一起，就要求我们主要追求“好”的发展，不是要又快又好，而是要又好又快。因为“好”的发展就应包括科学发展与和谐发展。

第二，现在主要追求“好”，但仍然要尽可能“快”，不仅要“又好”，而且要“又快”，为什么？

一是因为与发达国家相比，我们的财富蛋糕还很小。尽管我国GDP总量2006年已超过英国和法国，跃居世界第四位；2007年超过德国，居世界第三位；2010年又超过日本，跃居世界第二位，但与日本相比，实际落差仍然很大。从更能反映一国经济发展水平的人均GDP指标来看，我国人均GDP仅为日本的十分之一，尚不到世界平均水平的一半，甚至还低于非洲一些穷国。如与稳居第一位的美国相比，就更为悬殊，不仅2010年人均GDP还不到美国的十分之一，2539793而且GDP总量也仅为美国的40.2%,2539794更何况近几年美国连续遭受国际金融危机的重创，经济处于低谷，一旦其元气恢复，差距可能会更大。如此明显差距的存在，说明我们增长的速度放慢不得，只有保持较快的增长，才能尽快缩小与发达国家的距离。

二是尽可能快的发展也是解决各种社会矛盾、改善民生的需要。大到国家和民族的繁荣昌盛，具体到解决各种民生问题，化解各种社会矛盾，都需要丰富的物质基础做保证。各地采取惠民政策力度的大小，总是与该地区物力财力的大小相联系的。正所谓“大发展小困难，小发展大困难，不发展更困难”。因此，我们要强调好中求快，又好又快。一句话，要实现科学发展之快。

党的十七届五中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》，将“以科学发展为主题，以加快转变经济发展方式为主线”确定为“十二五”规划的核心指导思想，这是关系我国今后一个时期现代化建设全局的又一项重大决策。以科学发展为主题，是时代的要求，是人民的期待。在当代中国，坚持发展是硬道理的本质要求，就是坚持科学发展，而以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，又是深入贯彻落实科学发展观、推动科学发展的必由之路。这里的关键在于：坚持在发展中促转变、在转变中谋发展，真正推动经济社会又好又快发展。

这正是摆在发达地区和欠发达地区面前的共同的、又要差别化实施的重大课题。

第四节 科学发展观：发达地区与欠发达地区共同遵循又要差别化实施的核心理念

我们说科学发展观是发达地区与欠发达地区既需共同遵循、又要差别化实施的核心理念，其根本原因在于：科学发展观的科学性决定了发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻实施的共同性和差别性。

科学发展观作为发展的科学思想，其本质在于强调发展的科学性，主张以科学的思维、科学的态度、科学的精神、科学的方法和路径推进发展。它揭示的是发展的普遍规律，要求按照科学的规律去发展，即通过切实遵循并有效驾驭客观规律以实现发展。这就从根本上决定了科学发展观对于发达地区和欠发达地区有着共同的、普遍的指导意义。

具体考察可以看到，科学发展观强调经济内部发展以及经济与社会发展的全面、协调，尤其是坚持以人为本的核心理念，强调经济增长不过是实现人的全面发展的手段，人的全面发展的前提是社会的全面发展，而社会的全面发展又需要通过人的全面发展来予以体现。人的全面发展不是指少数人的发展，而是指所有人民都得到公平的发展；也不仅仅指满足人的物质需求，还包括满足人们在社会生活、精神生活、政治生活、生态生活等多方面的价值需求，使人的体力和智力的各种潜能都得到充分的发挥。而这些也正是可持续发展的要求。因为以人为本的发展，全面、协调的发展才能保持可持续发展，任何只顾眼前好处而不计未来损害的所谓发展，都不应被视为科学、理性的发展。换言之，科学发展的一个重要特征，就是当前的生产活动和生活方式不应对社会未来的前景造成危害。科学发展观的这些深层意蕴，无疑是发达地区和欠发达地区都要深刻领会并切实用以指导行动的。

改革开放以来，无论是发达地区还是欠发达地区都坚持以经济建设为中心，努力促进经济的快速发展。进入全面建设小康社会之后，发达地区和欠发达地区发展所面临的种种制约因素日见凸显，前进中遇到的矛盾和问题也更加复杂和具有挑战性。发展进程中各自所面临的诸多矛盾和严峻挑战，对于发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻落实科学发展观均提出了紧迫要求。顺应这一要求，发达地区和欠发达地区方能科学地应对发展的新形势和新挑战，在错综复杂的经济生活和社会矛盾中保持清醒头脑，找到发展的正确战略、思路与对策。

进一步看，在以往一个时期，发达地区和欠发达地区在实现科学发展上也着实存在着不少带有共性的认识问题。比如：经济社会统筹发展的意识不够强；保持良好生态环境和实现可持续发展的观点比较淡薄；以人为本的理念没有扎根；高、中层和基层对科学发展观的认识程度差异明显，在一定程度上存在着“两头热、中间凉”的现象；等等。由此就使得发达地区和欠发达地区经济发展方式都未能得到较快的转变，在相当大的程度上制约了经济社会事业的健康发展。而近一段时期以来，有些发达地区和欠发达地区又出现了不顾客观实际，经济发展方式转得越快越好等新的偏向，影响了发展方式的科学转变和发展的科学性。这就进一步说明，无论是发达地区还是欠发达地区，均需从发展观的高度树立对发展的全新的认识，切实用科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局，真心实意并行之有效地将之落到实处。牢固树立和全面、有效地贯彻落实科学发展观，是发达地区和欠发达地区的共同要求。

另外，发达地区和欠发达地区由于其发展的基础和条件不同，在发展进程中所出现的问题也有明显差异。比如：在科学发展观提出之初，在发展目标上，发达地区对社会发展和民生改善等已渐趋重视，但唯GDP的偏向仍时有表现；欠发达地区则更表现得急于求成，盲目追求增长速度。在外资引进上，发达地区往往是“萝卜大了带点儿泥”；欠发达地区则是“捡到篮子都是菜”。在技术引进上，发达地区往往只重视技术引进的层次，对引进技术的消化、吸收和创新不够；欠发达地区则对技术引进的层次缺乏重视，更难以谈得上对引进技术的消化、吸收和创新。在产业分布上，发达地区对于产业集群和集聚的优化重视不够；欠发达地区则仍重复发达地区“村村点火、处处冒烟”的老路。在生态环境保护上，发达地区往往轻治理，重转移；欠发达地区则自认为环境容量大，有点污染没关系，仍然重复发达地区先污染、后治理的老路。而在贯彻落实科学发展观已经历了若干年的今天，在发达地区与欠发达地区仍然存在着不少值得关注的有着明显差异的问题。

例如，在发展目标上，发达地区唯GDP的偏向可以说已得到消除，但认为社会发展和民生改善等方面的任务总不比GDP的增长那样“硬”的潜意识仍有存在；欠发达地区急于求成、盲目追求增长速度的状况虽得到一定程度的扭转，但一味追求速度的倾向仍有明显表现。在项目引进上，发达地区对传统项目的选择原先那种“萝卜大了带点儿泥”的现象已不复存在，但对高新技术产业尤其是战略性新兴产业项目的选择上却有一定程度的表现，反映出对传统产业的污染等负面影响看得较重，但对新兴产业的污染等负面效应却有所忽视；欠发达地区对一般传统项目的引进尚能做到“招商选资”，但对高新技术产业尤其是对战略性新兴产业项目的引进则仍像过去对待传统产业那样“捡到篮子都是菜”。在产业转型升级上，发达地区对此十分重视，但存在着将发展新兴产业完全等同于产业转型升级的新误区，一方面忽视对传统产业的升级改造，另一方面误认为新兴产业就是高端产业，一味以发展新兴产业来达到产业转型升级的目的；欠发达地区则认为自身产业规模还比较小，产业基础尚较薄弱，转型升级可以慢慢来。这些又告诉我们，发达地区和欠发达地区在树立和落实科学发展观的过程中，要充分考虑地区之间的发展差距和所出现问题的差异，坚持一切从实际出发，有重点、有针对性地采取措施，不能强求一律，搞齐步走、一刀切。要以科学精神贯彻落实科学发展观，既共同遵循、又差别化实施正是发达地区与欠发达地区以科学精神贯彻科学发展观的生动体现。

第五节 本课题成果的逻辑框架和努力体现的若干特点

一 逻辑框架

本课题成果由绪论和六章组成。

绪论部分首先阐述本课题研究的背景、问题的提出及研究的目的所在，本课题成果的逻辑框架和努力体现的若干特点。同时，对科学发展观努力进行较为深入的探讨和概略的阐述，因为本课题研究的是科学发展观的贯彻问题，对科学发展观本身的探讨应成为本课题最重要的研究前提。

第一章对发达地区和欠发达地区所处发展阶段进行比较研究，包括对各自所处特定发展阶段力求进行科学的界定，并对各自的阶段性特征进行具体的探讨，以此为发达地区和欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观中的差别化实施奠定最为重要的客观基础。

第二章对发达地区和欠发达地区各自所处发展阶段科学发展的要求及需破解的难点进行比较研究，从产业布局、工业发展模式、经济与生态关系、民生改善和经济发展方式等方面对科学发展着力点的不同进行全方位的探讨，以此为发达地区和欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观中的差别化实施提供坚实的认识基点。

第三章进一步对发达地区和欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观中的差别化实施问题进行辩证思考，主要是对各自贯彻落实科学发展观的二重性因素进行比较分析，由此得出结论：发达地区和欠发达地区均应趋利避害，各展所长，从而使科学发展观在本地区都能得到充分、有效的贯彻和实施。

第四章在前面几章分析的基础上对发达地区和欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观的路径进行比较研究，不仅研究了各自不同的路径，而且研究了各自不同路径之间的相互衔接和协调，从而为发达地区和欠发达地区既充分发挥自身优势又合作共赢指点了迷津。

第五章进一步拓展研究视野，对多地区贯彻科学发展观的实践加以探讨，旨在对以江苏苏南、苏北为例研究所揭示的发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观的不同着力点和路径进行多样本验证，以显示这些不同着力点和路径在较大范围的适用性和普遍意义。

最后第六章对发达地区和欠发达地区贯彻落实科学发展观“差别化”中的共同路径进行探讨。因为，发达地区和欠发达地区之间贯彻落实科学发展观既有不同的路径，还应有共同的路径。而共性寓于个性之中，所以，在以上各章对“差别化”即个性作了较为系统和详细的研究之后，最后第六章顺理成章地对发达地区和欠发达地区贯彻落实科学发展观个性中的共性即共同路径进行探求，从而为发达地区和欠发达地区找到了科学发展观贯彻落实中的“共同点”。

由此，本课题成果形成了一个较为严密的逻辑框架和较为严整的研究体系。

二 努力体现的若干特点

第一，研究视角的独特性。

有关贯彻落实科学发展观的研究成果，以往从一般意义上研究的较多，即使涉及发达和欠发达的不同地区，也基本上是局限于对发达地区贯彻科学发展观的研究或对欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观的研究，综合发达地区与欠发达地区两个方面进行贯彻科学发展的比较研究几近空白。而发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻落实科学发展观既应有共同要求，又要有所区别；既应共同推进，又要差别化实施，否则就难以收到良好的效果。本课题正是选择发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观的比较这一全新视角，从考察发达地区与欠发达地区所处不同阶段及各自的阶段性特征出发，揭示两类不同地区科学发展观实现程度的层次性和递次推进性，探讨科学发展的不同要求及路径选择，既体现了主题的鲜明性，又显示出研究视角的独特性。正是由于这一独特的研究视角，使本课题成果具有比较鲜明的特色。

第二，研究方法的科学性。

一是注重运用辩证研究法。突出研究方法的辩证性，努力对发达地区科学发展与欠发达地区科学发展的关系进行辩证思考和深层次的探讨，并紧紧围绕这一总的关系展开，具体分析四对关系。（1）科学发展与发展阶段的关系。发展阶段是科学发展的客观基础，科学发展是发展阶段的共同导向。（2）科学发展要求与科学发展着力点的关系。发达地区与欠发达地区处于不同的发展阶段，科学发展有着不同的要求，也就有着不同的着力点。（3）科学发展有利因素与不利因素的关系。无论是发达地区还是欠发达地区，科学发展有利因素的背后往往隐藏着不利因素，而不利因素中又往往蕴涵着有利因素。趋利避害，扬长避短，方能更好地实现科学发展。（4）科学发展不同路径与共同路径的关系。个性中包含着共性，发达地区与欠发达地区科学发展的不同路径中包含着共同路径，不同路径与共同路径本是辩证的统一。通过对以上几对关系的辩证分析和理性思考，大大增强了本课题研究的科学性和学理性，使研究得以向深层拓展。

二是注重运用比较研究法。比较法与归纳法、抽象法等相结合也是本课题研究方法的一个突出特点。通过对发达地区与欠发达地区所处发展阶段的比较研究和分析归纳，明确科学发展观差别化实施的客观基础；通过对发达地区与欠发达地区所处阶段科学发展着力点的比较研究和分析归纳，确定科学发展观差别化实施的认识基点；通过发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观二重性因素的比较研究和分析归纳，深化科学发展观差别化实施的辩证思考；通过发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观不同路径的比较研究和分析归纳，弄清科学发展观差别化实施的现实选择，从而使得科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区差别化实施的思路更加清晰，也促进了本课题研究层次的提升。

三是注重运用数量研究法。在进行定性分析的过程中，充分运用数据采集、数值计算、图表分析，并辅之以模型构建，从中得出定性的结论或对定性分析结果进行实证检验，实现定性分析与定量分析的互补，理论研究与实证研究的互补。

四是注重运用案例研究法。在对发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观的不同路径进行分析时，精选若干典型的案例加以佐证，使对路径选择的分析更有说服力，并力求给人以鲜活、生动之感。尤其是在以苏南、苏北为例研究的基础上，通过对广东、浙江、山东省内不同地区以及东西部代表性地区贯彻科学发展观实践的探讨，多样本验证以苏南、苏北为研究基点所揭示的发达地区与欠发达地区科学发展的不同路径，从而使研究更具客观性和科学性。

第三，研究内容的创新性。

一是提出了科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区差别化实施的科学命题。针对以往对贯彻科学发展观的研究缺乏发达地区与欠发达地区综合比较研究的状况，明确科学发展观是发达地区与欠发达地区既需共同遵循又要差别化实施的指导思想，并且抓住科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区的差别化实施这一鲜明的主题展开探讨，填补了这方面研究的空缺，具有创新和开拓的意义。

二是提出了要以科学的精神贯彻科学发展观的创新理念，并且整个研究过程努力将这一科学的创新理念贯穿始终，特别是基于地区发展实际，系统提出并论证了科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区实施的不同着力点和不同路径。（1）在产业结构调整升级问题上，经过研究认为，作为发达地区的苏南调整升级的重点是大力发展现代服务业，加速以服务业为主产业结构的形成，作为欠发达地区的苏北，现代服务业快速发展的时代还未到来，产业调整升级的重点应是大力发展工业，大幅度增加二产比重。（2）在新型工业化与城市化的关系问题上，经过研究认为，苏南应以新型工业化推进城市现代化和城乡一体化，而苏北实现城市现代化和城乡一体化的时代也尚未到来，目前重点应是以新型工业化推进城市化和城乡统筹，为将来实现城市现代化和城乡一体化积极创造条件。（3）在改善民生的问题上，经过研究认为，苏南应立足于确保人的发展需要，谋求人的享受需要，由“追求富裕”提升为“追求幸福”，全力建设“幸福苏南”，而苏北则应立足于确保人的生存需要，谋求人的发展需要，由“追求脱贫”提升为“追求富裕”，全力建设“富裕苏北”。（4）在转变发展方式问题上，经过研究认为，苏南突出的重点应是追求发展之“好”,“好”字当头，好中求快，又好又快，而苏北突出的重点应是追求发展之“快”,“快”字当头，快中求好，又快又好。（5）在贯彻科学发展观路径选择问题上，依次从发展主导视角、要素积累视角、资源深化视角、经济循环视角、发展动力视角提出了发达地区与欠发达地区各自不同的路径选择，彰显了各自的路径特色。

此外，在科学发展评价指标体系问题上，首次尝试以统一的指标体现发达地区和欠发达地区科学发展的共同要求，以各类指标不同的权重体现发达地区与欠发达地区科学发展的差别性，并且改变以往习惯的指标设置方法，将“经济增长”从“经济发展”中独立出来列为一个大类指标，以凸显经济增长在经济社会发展中的最基础、最重要的地位，也有利于这一指标在发达地区与欠发达地区之间权重的区分；还有在农村劳动力供给问题上，面对苏北近年来也遭遇企业“招工难”的局面，经研究认为，目前苏北劳动力供给已超过“刘易斯拐点Ⅰ”，但尚未到达“刘易斯拐点Ⅱ”，因此劳动力在城乡之间流动的均衡点尚未到来，农村劳动力向城市异地转移的趋势总体上并未改变。诸如此类研究，都力求有所创意或创新。

三是提出了若干有一定新意的比较重要的观点。这些观点是：（1）科学发展观的科学性决定了发达地区与欠发达地区对其贯彻实施的共同性和差别性；（2）发展的阶段性决定了科学发展观在发达地区和欠发达地区实现程度的层次性和依次推进性；（3）对发达地区与欠发达地区各自的阶段性特征，需要从经济发展的动力结构、功能结构、空间结构、制度结构等方面进行多维视角的观察和审视；（4）经济社会发展的普遍规律和不同地区的阶段性特征，使得发达地区与欠发达地区的科学发展既有着共同的要求，更有着不同的着力点；（5）发达地区、欠发达地区均存在着影响科学发展观贯彻的二重性因素（即同一因素有利弊两个方面），正视这些因素，才能从不同方面趋利避害，扬长避短，寻求适当路径，使科学发展观在各自地区都能得到有效的贯彻；（6）发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观的不同路径具有相互独立性和相互关联性；（7）个性中蕴涵着共性，发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻科学发展观的“差别化”路径中包含着共同的路径，而这些共同的路径即“共同点”则突出地反映了科学发展的普遍规律和科学发展观贯彻的普遍要求。发达地区与欠发达地区把握这些普遍规律和普遍要求，也是至关重要的。

第四，研究成果的学术性与实践性。

本课题成果：（1）通过提出科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区差别化实施的命题，力图给发达地区、欠发达地区坚持解放思想、实事求是原则，一切从实际出发，以科学的精神贯彻落实科学发展观以启示。（2）通过提出若干比较重要的观点、论点、论据和贯彻科学发展观的差异化的实施路径以及共同的实施路径，力图给发达地区、欠发达地区创新理念和思路，以科学的思维和方法推动科学发展以启发。（3）通过提出若干政策性建议，力图给政府层面搞好对发达地区与欠发达地区科学发展的分类指导和统筹协调以启迪。（4）科学发展观在发达地区与欠发达地区实施的“差别化”，既是一个重要的实践问题，又是一个有价值的学术课题，本课题的研究还可以为理论学术界对不同地区贯彻落实科学发展观促进科学发展的深化研究，提供一些有益参考。因此，本课题成果不仅具有较强的实践价值，而且具有深刻的学术意义。

Section 1 Scientific Outlook on Development: Giving birth to a new research proposition In today's world, with the rapid growth of the economy, the imbalance between economic and social development has become increasingly prominent, the contradiction between man and nature has become more acute, and the issue of scientific development has become more and more a major and serious topic. The first influential international research work on population, resources, environment and economic development, Boulding's "Spacecraft Economic Theory" came out in 1966, which gradually attracted widespread attention to this issue. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee in 2003, the leading collective of the CPC Central Committee with Hu Jintao as general secretary put forward the Scientific Outlook on Development and the major strategic thinking of using the Scientific Outlook on Development to lead the overall economic and social development, people have formed an increasingly extensive consensus on scientific development. However, the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development faces a variety of different regions, especially the two most typical different types of regions, namely developed regions and underdeveloped regions. The stage of economic development of developed and underdeveloped regions is different, the requirements for scientific development and the difficulties to be solved are different, and the degree of implementation of the scientific outlook on development and the choice of path are also different. Through such comparative research, recognize and deeply understand the commonalities and differences between the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development in developed and underdeveloped regions, and strive to achieve differences in implementation, which is necessary for developed and underdeveloped regions to unswervingly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development and implement the Scientific Outlook on Development in a scientific spirit, and to prevent falling into the misunderstanding of "walking in unison" regardless of the objective reality of the region. It is essential to ensure that the good results of scientific development are received. As a result, an important new research proposition - "Scientific Outlook on Development in Differentiated Implementation Research in Developed and Underdeveloped Regions" came into being. From the perspective of research status, the scientific concept of development has been a hot spot in China's academic research since it was proposed. Perspectives include economics, sociology, philosophy, ethics, history, political science, anthropology, and many other disciplines. The research of relevant academic papers generally focuses on the basis for the emergence of the scientific outlook on development, the connotation of the scientific outlook on development, the innovation of the scientific outlook on development, the definition of the scientific nature of the scientific outlook on development, and how to implement the scientific outlook on development. In terms of how to implement the scientific outlook, it mainly focuses on: the scientific outlook on development and the construction of a harmonious society; Change concepts and establish a correct view of political performance; Removing institutional barriers and improving institutional design; Establish a reasonable evaluation system. 2539762 most of these studies are from the perspective of macro and overall and have certain universality. From the literature retrieval situation, the research mainly focuses on underdeveloped areas, and there are also studies on a certain area of developed areas and underdeveloped areas (such as southern Jiangsu in the developed region and northern Jiangsu in the underdeveloped region Jiangsu). It is broadly divided into the following four categories. The first category is to determine whether the underdeveloped areas should implement the scientific outlook on development. It seems that there is no doubt that both developed and underdeveloped areas need to implement the scientific outlook on development, but Mu Hong, proceeding from the ideological reality of cadres in underdeveloped areas, pointed out that although the scientific connotation of the scientific outlook on development is clear and comprehensive, in practical work, in economically underdeveloped areas with great development pressure, some people still have doubts about the applicability of the requirements of the scientific outlook on development in the local area, believing that scientific development is a luxury for underdeveloped areas, scientific development is only suitable for developed areas, and underdeveloped areas should adhere to "development is the last word." ”。 Mu Hong believes that the scientific outlook on development is consistent with "development is the last word", and economically underdeveloped areas also need the scientific outlook on development. Only by organically combining the basic requirements of implementing the scientific outlook on development with the conditions of the country, province, and market, and choosing a correct and distinctive development model, can we achieve a leapfrog development 2539763. Gao Jinhao also believes that in order to achieve sustained, rapid, coordinated and healthy economic and social development, underdeveloped regions must give play to their comparative advantages and create new advantages in accordance with the requirements of the scientific outlook on development. The scientific outlook on development is a major opportunity 2539764 for underdeveloped regions to achieve leapfrog development. The second category is to study the general idea of implementing the scientific outlook on development in underdeveloped areas in a general sense. Hu Zhongming believes that the realization of scientific development in underdeveloped areas must be guided by emancipating the mind. He pointed out that the lack of ideological emancipation is the deep-seated cause of the backwardness of development in underdeveloped areas, and emancipation of the mind is a sharp tool to solve the problems existing in scientific development. To achieve scientific development in underdeveloped areas, it is necessary to gradually make emancipation of the mind a normal way of thinking; We must take the degree of realization of scientific development as the test criterion for emancipating the mind, and establish and improve the dynamic mechanism, implementation mechanism and guarantee mechanism for emancipating the mind; We must strive to build a political ecology that emancipates the mind and form a political atmosphere that is upright, united and harmonious, and stimulates innovation 2539765. Fan Chunde stressed that economically underdeveloped areas must clarify the main direction of attack to adhere to the scientific outlook on development. At present, the main direction of attack in underdeveloped regions should be how to transform the resource advantages of underdeveloped areas into economic advantages, and implement the 2539766 of "sustainable resource economy". From the lessons learned from the development of developed regions, Dong Heqing concluded that underdeveloped regions must correctly handle five relationships in the process of practicing the scientific outlook on development: economic growth and social development; economic construction and environmental protection; speed of development and economic efficiency; Attracting investment and talents; Material civilization and spiritual civilization. Only by correctly handling these five relationships can we truly achieve comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable scientific development and achieve people-oriented 2539767. Chen Huijuan believes that the development of underdeveloped areas should focus on solving the problem of "whether it will develop, whether it is good at innovation, and whether it dares to explore". First of all, economically underdeveloped areas should have the courage to position themselves at a high point and leapfrog development; Second, we should seek greater development with less space, adhere to the path of incremental absorption development, and seek sustainable economic and social development at the minimum cost of resources and environment. Finally, we must be good at innovation in working methods, have the courage and courage to use emerging things, and take a new path of development and efficient breakthrough 2539768. The third category is to study how to use the scientific outlook on development to guide the development of a certain aspect of underdeveloped areas. For example, Huang Jinhong studied the relationship between the scientific outlook on development and the urbanization process in underdeveloped areas. It is believed that urbanization is the "booster" for underdeveloped areas to achieve leapfrog economic and social development, and it is also the main theme in the process of modernization in underdeveloped areas. The key to accelerating the urbanization process in underdeveloped areas lies in the formation of scientific urbanization concepts. Due to the high proportion of agriculture in underdeveloped areas, urbanization should first implement the strategy of small and medium-sized towns, and at the same time, it is necessary to rely on the development of county economy to promote urbanization in underdeveloped areas. Agricultural industrialization is a shortcut 2539769 industrialization and urbanization in underdeveloped areas. Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and Xia Deyan pointed out that only by achieving leapfrog development in science and technology in underdeveloped areas can 2539770 economic leapfrog development by analyzing the current development status of science and technology in underdeveloped areas. The fourth category is the empirical analysis of the implementation of a specific regional scientific development concept in a developed or underdeveloped region. For example, in the research on the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development in Jiangsu Southern Jiangsu in the developed region, Chen Jihong summarized the evolution process from the "Southern Jiangsu Model" to the "New Southern Jiangsu Model" in light of the development of Wuxi, pointing out that the most basic connotation of the "New Southern Jiangsu Model" is the first development under scientific development and harmonious development, which is essentially the mass practice of the Scientific Outlook on Development in Jiangsu. In the face of new opportunities and challenges, combined with the actual situation in Wuxi, she believes that to continue to practice the scientific outlook on development, it is necessary to break through the "one shackle" (GDP shackles) and highlight the orientation of "three commitments", that is, committed to seeking breakthroughs in optimizing the structure, committed to seeking breakthroughs in promoting scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship, and committed to seeking breakthroughs in protecting resources and the environment 2539771. According to the core of the scientific outlook on development, Jiang Jiancheng put forward the view that "Jiangsu should continue to practice the scientific outlook on development depends on the social transformation of the southern Jiangsu people". First, conceptual change is a necessary prerequisite for the social transformation of the Sunan people. Second, quality improvement is the essence of the social transformation of the Sunan people. Third, capacity building is the key to the social transformation of the Southern Jiangsu people. Fourth, behavioral consciousness is the intrinsic choice 2539772 of the social transformation of the Sunan people. In the study of the implementation of the scientific outlook on development in northern Jiangsu, Song Zhou and others summarized the reform method of Suqian in economic and social development as the "Suqian model", and analyzed the basic connotation of the "Suqian model": "emancipating the mind" is the soul of the "Suqian model"; "Seeking truth from facts" is the premise of the "Suqian Model"; "People-oriented" is the core of the "Suqian Model"; "Comprehensive coordination" is the principle of the "Suqian model". The reform practice of Suqian shows that economic and social system innovation is the fundamental way for underdeveloped areas to achieve greater breakthroughs. Lower administrative costs, stronger sense of cadre responsibility, and better government environment are competitive advantages in the soft environment of underdeveloped areas, and are powerful driving forces to attract the rapid gathering of various production factors 2539773. Weng Sijie believes that in northern Jiangsu, people-oriented should first take human survival as the foundation, accelerate economic construction, and at the same time provide conditions for all-round human development; Reform and innovation are sustainable choices for the revitalization of northern Jiangsu, and micro enterprises and meso governments need reform and innovation 2539774. It can be seen from the above literature review that the domestic academic community has some preliminary results in the research of the scientific outlook on development in underdeveloped regions and developed regions, laying a certain foundation for future research, but these achievements either focus on the research of underdeveloped regions, or focus on the research of developed regions, combine the comparative research of developed regions and underdeveloped regions, and explore the results of the differentiated implementation of the scientific outlook on development between these two different types of regions, except for Zhou Mingsheng, Zhou Mingsheng, of this research group. In addition to the articles published by Wu Zhenglin, 2539775 has not yet seen other results in this regard. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research in this area, and the theoretical and practical significance of this research project is obvious. As everyone knows, there is an east-west problem in the whole country, and there is a north-south problem in Jiangsu. It can be said that southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu are the epitome 2539776 of developed and underdeveloped areas in the country. Therefore, this project takes southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu as examples to study the differentiated implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions. There is no doubt that in order to study the differentiated implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development in developed and underdeveloped regions, we first need to have a clear understanding and a deeper understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development. Section 2 Scientific Outlook on Development: General Secretary Hu Jintao, a major strategic thought that keeps pace with the times, pointed out in his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "The Scientific Outlook on Development is the inheritance and development of the important thinking on development of the party's three generations of central leading collectives, a concentrated embodiment of the Marxist world outlook and methodology on development, and is the same as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Communist Party of China. The scientific theory that the important thinking of the three represents is in the same vein and advances with the times, which is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development and a major strategic idea that must be adhered to and implemented in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. 2539777 scientific outlook on development, which is this major strategic idea, has been developed step by step through several generations of central leading collectives, especially thanks to the gradual foreshadowing made by Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin since the reform and opening up and the strong innovative spirit of the CPC Central Committee with Hu Jintao as general secretary. This can be seen in the following two ways. 2539778 I. The gradual expansion of the horizon of scientific development has undergone the development and evolution of the new concept of all-round development from a new path of economic construction, a new mode of economic growth, and a new concept of all-round development. First of all, the party's second-generation central leading collective with Deng Xiaoping as the core proposed a new path of economic construction. Not long after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee was convened in 1978, in the face of the grim economic situation at that time, under the unified arrangements of the central authorities, and through the comprehensive implementation of the principle of "adjustment, reform, rectification, and improvement," the entire economic situation underwent gratifying changes. However, the potential dangers have not been eliminated, in particular the serious imbalance in the proportional relations of the national economy has not been effectively changed. This requires the party and the people to seriously explore the deep-seated causes of these problems and embark on a new path of economic construction that truly proceeds from China's reality. It was precisely in accordance with this requirement that, after study at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in November 1981, the government work report of the Fourth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress clearly put forward that China should embark on a new road of economic construction with relatively solid speed, better economic returns, and more benefits for the people, and put forward 10 principles for national economic construction on the basis of this new road. It should be noted that the new path and 10 principles for economic construction put forward at that time are a major progress, and to a certain extent contain the core ideas of the scientific outlook on development put forward after the 16th National Congress. The new path of economic construction focuses on striving to make the people get more benefits, and the ten guidelines clearly require "starting from the idea of doing everything for the people, making overall arrangements for production and construction and people's lives", which to a certain extent embodies the concept of people-oriented and all-round consideration. The key to the new path of economic construction lies in properly handling the relationship between proportion, speed and efficiency, and to a certain extent, it contains the requirements of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. However, after all, the new path directly involves only the economic outlook on development, and there is still a clear distance from the new outlook on development based on all-round economic, social and human development put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. Second, the party's third-generation central leading collective with Jiang Zemin as the core proposed a new way of economic growth. After the party and government put forward a new path of economic construction, China's economic construction has made great progress. However, on the whole, due to the influence of many factors, China is still following an extensive economic development path for a long period of time. The extensive growth mode has become the crux of many contradictions and problems in China's economic and social life, and this situation is closely related to the failure of the traditional planned economic system to fundamentally transform the track. In view of this situation, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee held in 1995 clearly proposed to accelerate the realization of "two fundamental changes": first, accelerate the transformation of the traditional planned economic system to the market economic system; The second is to accelerate the transformation from extensive growth mode to intensive growth mode. Therefore, our party has proposed a new way of economic growth, that is, the intensive economic growth mode, which refers to economic growth mainly by improving the efficiency of production factors. This new mode of economic growth not only further clarifies the key way to take the new path of economic construction that "speed is more realistic, economic returns are better, and the people can get more benefits", but also contains to a greater extent the "comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable new development concept" put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. However, this "new way" is only a new way of economic growth, and it has not yet clearly put forward a new concept of comprehensive economic, social and human development. Finally, the leading collective of the CPC Central Committee with Hu Jintao as general secretary put forward a new concept of all-round development. Since the Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee in 1995 put forward a new way of economic growth, our Party and the people have gone through several years of development. In response to the call of practice, General Secretary Hu Jintao put forward a new development concept of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development on the basis of in-depth investigation of enterprises, villages and cities. This new concept of all-round development clearly leads development from the economic field to a broader social field for the first time, and clearly highlights the people-oriented approach and emphasizes coordinated economic and social development, thus further developing and major innovation of "a new path of economic construction" and a "new mode of economic growth". Second, the gradual strengthening of the scientific development concept, this process of keeping pace with the times, has also undergone the development and evolution from focusing on comprehensive development, emphasizing comprehensive development, and forming a system theory of comprehensive and coordinated sustainable development. The new concept of all-round development clearly put forward by General Secretary Hu Jintao has also taken shape gradually. In the course of putting forward the ideas that "development is the last word" and "development is the number one priority," Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin have gradually formed the idea of all-round development, and this thinking has been gradually strengthened. The scientific outlook on development is precisely the inheritance, development, and innovation of Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin's thinking on all-round development. Deng Xiaoping: Pay attention to all-round development. Deng Xiaoping emphasized "economic construction as the center," but he did not neglect all-round development. For example, he proposed that only socialism with Chinese characteristics can be achieved well in both civilizations, and that "grasping both hands should be firm," "science and technology are the primary productive forces," and "education is the most fundamental cause of a nation." He put forward the idea of "two overall situations" for coastal and inland development. In his later years, he particularly stressed the need to rationally regulate social distribution relations, avoid polarization, narrow regional differences, and promote common prosperity and progress between regions, between urban and rural areas, and among all ethnic groups. He is also an advocate of voluntary tree planting in our country and has taken the lead in participating in voluntary tree planting activities. There are only two inscriptions included in the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping", one is about the "three aspects" of education ("education should be oriented to modernization, the world, and the future") and the other is about afforestation ("planting trees, greening the motherland, and benefiting future generations"), both of which are related to the strategic issue of comprehensive and coordinated sustainable development. Deng Xiaoping talked about the characteristics of the six aspects of a "moderately prosperous society," including the problem of guaranteeing people's food, clothing, and use, housing, employment, education and other public welfare undertakings, and spiritual outlook. 2539779 these are all about all-round development. It can be seen that Deng Xiaoping emphasized economic construction as the center, but also paid attention to all-round development. The "development" in "development is the last word" he emphasized does not only refer to economic development, but also includes all-round development. Of course, he emphasized economic development, because at that time our party had just shifted the focus of its work to economic construction, and was in the stage of solving the problem of food and clothing, and the outstanding contradiction and task was to solve the problem of the survival of the common people. Jiang Zemin: Stress all-round development. After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee, the party's third-generation central leading collective with Jiang Zemin as the core conscientiously absorbed the lesson of "one hand being hard and the other soft" that once appeared in our party's practical work in the 80s of the 20th century, and began to emphasize and pay attention to all-round development. Jiang Zemin's statement that development is the number one priority, and "development" includes all-round development. First, Jiang Zemin emphasized and profoundly expounded the idea of all-round social progress and coordinated development. He put forward that "socialism is a society of all-round development and all-round progress," and 2539780 and successively put forward at the Seventh Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee the 12 principles for building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the 12 relations that must be correctly handled, the purpose of which is to "adapt to and promote the continuous development of social productive forces and all-round social progress." This provided a direct theoretical source for the leading collective of the CPC Central Committee with Hu Jintao as general secretary after the 16th National Congress to summarize the basic requirements of the scientific outlook on development and comprehensive coordination of sustainable development. Second, Jiang Zemin emphasized and profoundly expounded the ideas of "taking the masses of the people as the foundation" and "all-round human development." Proceeding from the basic tenets of historical materialism, he profoundly expounded and clearly demanded that "the interests of the party and the people be given priority everywhere and the masses of the people should be the foundation 2539781." He has always believed that "man is the most decisive force in the productive forces" 2539782. When celebrating the 80th anniversary of the founding of the CPC, he comprehensively expounded the Marxist scientific proposition on the all-round development of man in light of the new historical conditions, holding that this is "the essential requirement of Marxism on building a new socialist society," and that all the work we carry out in the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics is "to focus on promoting the improvement of the people's quality, that is, to strive to promote the all-round development of the people 2539783." All these provide an important theoretical source for the core concept of "people-oriented" of the scientific outlook on development for people and relying on people. Hu Jintao: Form a systematic theory of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. After the 16th CPC National Congress, the leading collective of the CPC Central Committee with Hu Jintao as general secretary conscientiously summed up and drew lessons from international and domestic development, judged the hour and sized up the situation, continued to advance on the basis of Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin's thinking on all-round development, put forward the people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable scientific outlook on development, and achieved major theoretical innovations. These major innovations lie in the fact that for the first time our party's systematic Marxist theory on development has been formed, which has achieved a leap in our party's understanding on the issue of development and enriched the theoretical treasury of Marxism. In fact, every generation of Marxist leaders, including Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Mao Zedong, put forward relatively rich important ideas on scientific development, but have not yet formed a systematic theory of scientific development. With the general scope and concept of the Scientific Outlook on Development, some scattered understandings of predecessors have been systematized and a complete theoretical system on scientific development has been formed. It is the product of the combination of Marxism and the reality and characteristics of the times in contemporary China, a symbol of our party's leap in understanding of the development issue, and also a symbol of the formation of Marxist theory on socialist development. It is precisely because of the major innovation of the scientific outlook on development that the scientific outlook on development has become "an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development" and "a major strategic thought that must be adhered to and implemented in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics". Section 3 Scientific Outlook on Development: As the latest content of the socialist theoretical system with Chinese characteristics, the Scientific Outlook on Development leads people to achieve scientific development with its distinctive compatibility and profoundness. I. The Openness and Compatibility of the Scientific Outlook on Development The Scientific Outlook on Development is not only the inheritance, development and innovation of the scientific development concept of our party's central leadership collective for several generations, but also a reference and sublimation of the foreign development concept, and an effective integration and transcendence of various development concepts in the contemporary West. From a vertical point of view, the scientific outlook on development is a reference and sublimation of the three generations of development outlook in the continuous evolution of foreign countries. In foreign countries, after the Second World War, people's understanding of the nature of development has undergone a transformation process from an economic perspective to a social perspective to a human perspective, and three different views on development have been put forward accordingly. First, in the 50s and 60s of the 20th century, the traditional development concept with economic growth as the core, that is, the first generation of development concept. Its basic model is: development = economic growth; Economic growth = industrialization. Although this concept of development has played a positive role in promoting economic growth and rapidly accumulating wealth, it has not brought more well-being to people, and there have been unfair distribution, polarization, social unrest, environmental pollution and ecological damage under high growth. The second is the second-generation development concept in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century, with comprehensive development and sustainable development as the core. Its basic model is: development = economic growth + social progress. At this stage, on the basis of affirming growth, more attention is paid to the quality of development and to the fact that development is a process of social progress based on economic growth. It also recognizes that only such integrated development can be sustainable. In 1983, the United Nations launched the book "New View of Development", which put forward a "holistic", "integrated" and "endogenous" comprehensive concept of development. In 1987, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development further proposed the concept of sustainable development. The adoption of the Rio de Janeiro Declaration and Agenda 21 in 1992 marked the recognition of the concept of sustainable development by countries with different development concepts around the world. Third, since the 90s of the 20th century, the contemporary development concept with human development as the core, that is, the third-generation development concept. Its basic model is: development = people-centred + multidimensional development + sustainable development. In 1990, the United Nations Development Programme published its first Human Development Report (HDR), which clearly stated that the purpose of development is to improve the lives of all, that development should be people-centred, and that economic growth is only a means to this end, not an end in itself. At the same time, the organization has designed the Human Development Index (HDI), which reflects economic growth, social progress, environmental harmony and the state of human development, to assess the average achievement of human development in countries and to rank them by country. This approach has attracted widespread attention and influence from policymakers, academia and the general public. The above-mentioned experiences and lessons in foreign development theories and development practices have given us profound inspiration, and the scientific outlook on development put forward by our party is precisely the reference and sublimation of these achievements of world civilization. From a horizontal point of view, the scientific outlook on development is a comprehensive reflection of several new development trends and new development concepts in the contemporary world, and effectively integrates and transcends. With the development of industrial society towards knowledge society, many new trends have emerged in the world's development practice, and in line with these new trends, the contemporary development concept has presented various new trends of thought. First, the trend of humanization and the people-oriented outlook on development. Of course, man is the main body of development, but in different historical stages of human social development, the status and role of man are very different. Although the status and role of human beings in industrial society have been greatly improved compared with agricultural society, on the whole, this status and role are still very limited. As the industrial society moves towards the knowledge society, the main position and leading role of man become increasingly prominent, the voice of human liberation and development, human modernization continues to increase, and humanistic reason gradually occupies a dominant position, thus forming a people-oriented concept of development. Second, the trend of integration and the concept of comprehensive and coordinated development. In industrial society, people are generally concerned about the development of industrial civilization and economy, and relatively speaking, social development is neglected. With the continuous exposure of social problems, the overall development of economy and society has become a universal requirement, and the traditional concept of industrial civilization has gradually been replaced by a comprehensive and coordinated concept of development. Third, the trend of ecology and the concept of environment-friendly development. Since traditional industries are mainly extensive economies, with the depletion of natural resources, serious pollution of the ecological environment, and the increasing crisis of traditional industries, new industries and information and knowledge industries characterized by ecological civilization have become increasingly prosperous, and the environmentally friendly concept of development has begun to sweep the world. Fourth, the trend of internationalization and the outlook on global development. Due to the rapid development of transnational corporations and the continuous expansion of international economic organizations, especially the global extension of information networks, the trend of internationalization is increasing. Based on the thinking of global development, people have put forward various global development concepts. The people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept put forward by our party at the beginning of the 21st century, as an effective integration and transcendence of the above-mentioned new development trends and contemporary development concepts in the contemporary world, reflects the common requirements of post-industrialization, post-modernization, industrialization and modernization. At the same time, it also fully reflects the openness and inclusiveness of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, including the scientific outlook on development, created by our party, and fully reflects the broad-mindedness and theoretical character of contemporary Chinese communists who are open to all rivers and keep pace with the times. This important exposition in the report of the 17th CPC National Congress clearly embodies the pragmatic and profound nature of the scientific outlook on development, and it is in line with Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin's thinking on development and keeps pace with the times. 1. "First truth" (hard truth) → "first priority" → "first meaning". From Deng Xiaoping's "hard truth", that is, the "first truth" (the author believes that the "hard truth" is the biggest truth, that is, the "first truth") to Jiang Zemin's "first priority" to Hu Jintao's "first important meaning", such an evolution process coincides with the strategic goal of "going in three steps" put forward by our party, and has also experienced a "trilogy": the first step: after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, it is compatible with the implementation of the first strategic goal of the first step, that is, the goal of achieving food and clothing. The party's second-generation central leading collective with Deng Xiaoping as the core put forward the important idea that "development is the last word." Deng Xiaoping profoundly summed up the lessons and lessons learned over the past 20 years since the founding of New China, broke through the ideological confinement of taking class struggle as the keynote, and decisively shifted the focus of the work of the party and the state to socialist modernization. He stressed that economic construction is the center, and "development is the last word." He pointed out that the key to solving all problems in China lies in its own development, "ultimately convincing those who do not believe in socialism to rely on our development", 2539784 to engage in socialism, the center is to develop social productive forces, poverty is not socialism. He repeatedly admonished the whole party to "seize the opportunity and develop itself, the key is to develop the economy," and to hold on to this issue and be stubborn. It was precisely under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping's thinking on development that the whole party and the whole country were full of high enthusiasm for seizing opportunities and seeking development; regardless of the east, west, south, and north winds, they firmly determined that development would not be relaxed, and in a short period of time they quickly achieved initial success in development, and in 1987 achieved the first strategic goal of doubling the gross national product compared with 1980 three years ahead of schedule. This is a major achievement of the idea that "development is the last word". Step 2: After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee, in line with the implementation of the second-step strategic goal, that is, the goal of achieving overall moderate prosperity, the party's third-generation central leading collective with Jiang Zemin as the core put forward the important idea that "development is the most important task for the party to govern and rejuvenate the country." From the "first truth" (hard truth) to the "first priority" is Jiang Zemin's deepening of Deng Xiaoping's thinking on development. This can be viewed from two aspects: First, the thinking of "first priority" closely links development with the implementation of the important thinking of "three represents" and gives development a more profound meaning. Jiang Zemin clearly pointed out in his "Several Opinions on the Draft Report of the 16th CPC National Congress": "It is very important to regard development as the top priority for the party to govern and rejuvenate the country." Only by firmly grasping this article can the requirements of the 'three represents' be truly implemented. "2539785 this makes the intention of development higher and can highlight the profound significance of development." Second, the "first priority" ideology links development with the party's ruling and rejuvenating the country, giving development a deeper source of strength and a more solid foundation for our party's governance. Jiang Zemin profoundly pointed out: "Whether or not we can properly resolve the issue of development has a direct bearing on the will of the people and the rise or fall of our cause," and 2539786 firmly grasp development, which is the most important task, "if we fundamentally grasp the people's aspirations and the essence of socialist modernization, we will be able to continuously implement the important thinking of the 'three represents,' continuously consolidate the party's ruling position, and continuously realize the requirements of strengthening the country and enriching the people 2539787." In this way, the development of China's socialist cause and the ruling and rejuvenation of the country by our party will be able to gain a broader and more reliable mass base and a deeper source of strength. Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin's thinking on development, the whole party and the people of the whole country continued to seize opportunities to seek development, worked together to engage in construction, and on the basis of achieving the first-step strategic goal three years ahead of schedule, in 1995 achieved the second-step strategic goal of quadrupling the gross national product compared with 1980 five years ahead of schedule. This is not only Deng Xiaoping, but also a major achievement of Jiang Zemin's thinking on development. Step 3: After the 16th CPC National Congress, in line with the beginning of the implementation of the third-step strategic goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way at the new stage of the new century, the leading collective of the CPC Central Committee with Hu Jintao as general secretary put forward the important idea that development is the "first meaning" of the scientific outlook on development. The idea of "first priority" is another step forward as opposed to the idea that development is the "first priority". This is because emphasizing development as the "first meaning" of the scientific outlook on development raises development to the height of scientific development, demands that development is development in the scientific sense, and at the same time regards development as the most important purpose in implementing the scientific outlook on development. In his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Hu Jintao emphatically pointed out: "Development is of decisive significance for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization. It is necessary to firmly grasp economic construction as the center, persist in concentrating on construction, wholeheartedly seek development, and constantly liberate and develop the social productive forces. 2539788 in his speech marking the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, Hu Jintao further pointed out: "Taking economic construction as the center is the key to rejuvenating the country, and is the fundamental requirement for the prosperity and long-term stability of our party and our country... In the future, we must continue to firmly adhere to the strategic thinking that development is the last word, firmly grasp economic construction as the center, and never waver in the slightest. The meaning of these statements is extremely profound. 2. A profound understanding of the basic national condition that "our country will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time." From Deng Xiaoping to Jiang Zemin to Hu Jintao, why did they always firmly adhere to development and never waver in grasping the central task of economic construction? In the final analysis, it is determined by a sober and profound understanding of the basic national conditions that our country will remain in the initial stage of socialism for a long time. The report of the 17th CPC National Congress pointed out that although "through unremitting efforts since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China has made development achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, and far-reaching and major changes have taken place from the productive forces to the relations of production, from the economic base to the superstructure, the basic national conditions of our country that are still in the initial stage of socialism and will remain for a long time have not changed, and the contradiction between the people's growing material and cultural needs and backward social production, which is the main contradiction in society, has not changed." 2539789 in his speech at the celebration of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, Hu Jintao, while reiterating the above-mentioned "two unchanged" in contemporary China, added a "unchanged", that is, "China's international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed", and further emphasized: "Development remains the key to solving all problems in our country." These "two have not changed" and "three have not changed" fundamentally determine that we must unswervingly adhere to the party's basic line for 100 years, unwavering in adhering to economic construction as the central task for 100 years, and unwavering in adhering to the "first truth," "first priority," and "first important meaning" of development for 100 years. The scientific outlook on development adheres to the "first meaning" of development and conforms to the greatest reality that China will remain in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, so it fundamentally determines that it is a scientific theory. (2) Four "must be adhered to": The profound connotation of the scientific outlook on development The rich and profound connotation of the scientific outlook on development is embodied in the four "must be adhered to" put forward in the report of the 17th National Congress: First, we must persist in taking development as the first priority for the party to govern and rejuvenate the country. This is the first meaning of adhering to the scientific outlook on development; Second, we must adhere to the people-oriented approach. This is to adhere to the core of the scientific outlook on development; Third, we must adhere to comprehensive and coordinated sustainable development. This is the basic requirement for adhering to the scientific outlook on development; Fourth, we must persist in taking into account the overall situation. This is a fundamental method for adhering to the scientific outlook on development. In the rich and profound connotation of the scientific outlook on development, the core is people-oriented, and other connotations are developed and derived around this core. People-oriented is the soul of our party's theoretical innovation achievements, the full display of the ruling party's value orientation, and the essence of Chinese traditional culture. As the saying goes, "the beginning of the husband's hegemony is also people-oriented, the original principle is the country's solidity, and the inherent danger is the country's chaos." It can be seen 2539790 that our ancestors took people-oriented as an important concept and strategy for governing the country as early as 2300 years ago. Of course, the "people-oriented" we are talking about today has undoubtedly been given a new era significance. For the deep connotation of people-oriented, it can be analyzed from the following five levels: First, who is the "person" who is people-oriented? "The people are precious, the society is second, and the king is light." 2539791 "The people of heaven are not kings; The king of heaven is born to think that the people are also. It can be seen 2539792 that people-oriented is actually "people-oriented". In today's China, the people-oriented "people" refers to the broadest masses of the people, not to a few. Second, what does "fundamental" mean by people-oriented? The "fundamental" of people-oriented means "fundamental," and people-oriented means taking people as the foundation and the broad masses of the people as the foundation. The third is people-oriented, what is people-oriented? People-oriented is based on the all-round development of people and the fundamental interests of the masses of the people. All efforts to promote economic and social development are fundamentally aimed at satisfying the interests and needs of the broadest masses of the people. It is therefore important that the fruits of development reach all people. Fourth, people-oriented, who is people-oriented? That is, who is the human-oriented subject? Today, this main body should be the party organizations at all levels, the people's governments at all levels, and the leading bodies at all levels. Party organizations and governments represent the interests of the people, so people-oriented is fundamentally based on their own fundamental interests. In this sense, everyone in the masses of the people needs to have a people-oriented concept, and they all need to care for others, love others, and not harm the interests of others. Fifth, what is the counterpart of people-oriented? The counterpart of people-oriented is object-oriented. The people-oriented concept of development is a scientific concept of development, and the material-oriented concept of development is a traditional concept of development, which sees things without seeing people and takes economic growth as the fundamental purpose of development, which will inevitably pay a high social price, especially the cost of resources and the environment. (3) Achieving Good and Rapid Development: The Essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development The essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development is to achieve good and rapid development. There are two levels of questions here that deserve deep consideration. First, our country originally mainly pursued "fast", now it is mainly pursuing "good", now it is not to "fast and good", but to "good and fast", why? This is because our main pursuit of "fast" in the past has encountered three major contradictions: First, the contradiction between high-speed economic growth and the carrying capacity of resources and the environment. The first is serious resource consumption, and the second is serious environmental damage. The second is the contradiction between high-speed economic growth and the international community's ability to bear it. The international community faces the problem of affordability in two aspects of China's rapid economic growth. On the one hand, there is a series of concerns about a series of problems brought about by China's rapid growth, and on the other hand, there is a fear of China's rapid economic growth and growing strength. The third is the contradiction between the uneven distribution of wealth and the psychological endurance of the domestic people in the process of rapid economic growth and rapid expansion of total wealth. The first and second contradictions mentioned above require us to develop rationally and scientifically, and the third contradiction requires us to develop harmoniously. The combination of the three major contradictions requires us to mainly pursue "good" development, not to be fast and good, but to be good and fast. Because "good" development should include scientific development and harmonious development. Second, now the main pursuit of "good", but still as "fast" as possible, not only "good", but also "fast", why? First, because our wealth cake is still small compared to developed countries. Although China's total GDP has surpassed the United Kingdom and France in 2006, it has leapt to the fourth place in the world; In 2007, it surpassed Germany and ranked third in the world; In 2010, it surpassed Japan to rank second in the world, but the actual gap is still large compared to Japan. From the per capita GDP index that better reflects a country's economic development level, China's per capita GDP is only one-tenth of Japan's, less than half of the world average, and even lower than some poor African countries. Not only was the per capita GDP in 2010 less than one-tenth of the United States, but 2539793 total GDP was only 40.2% of the United States 2539794, not to mention that the United States has been hit hard by the international financial crisis in recent years, and the economy is at a trough, once its vitality recovers, the gap may be even greater. The existence of such an obvious gap shows that our growth rate cannot be slowed down, and only by maintaining relatively rapid growth can we narrow the distance with developed countries as soon as possible. Second, the fastest possible development is also the need to solve various social contradictions and improve people's livelihood. From the prosperity of the country and the nation, to solving various livelihood problems and resolving various social contradictions, we all need a rich material foundation as a guarantee. The extent to which each region adopts policies to benefit the people is always related to the size of the region's material and financial resources. As the saying goes, "big development is a small difficulty, small development is a big difficulty, and it is even more difficult if it is not developed." Therefore, we want to emphasize that the good is fast, and the good is fast. In a word, it is necessary to achieve rapid scientific development. The "Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," which was deliberated and adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, defines "scientific development as the main theme and accelerating the transformation of the economic development mode as the main line" as the core guiding ideology of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan." Taking scientific development as the theme is the requirement of the times and the expectation of the people. In contemporary China, adhering to development is the essential requirement of the last word, that is, adhering to scientific development, and accelerating the transformation of economic development mode as the main line is the only way to deeply implement the scientific outlook on development and promote scientific development. The key here is to persist in promoting transformation in the course of development, seeking development in the midst of transformation, and truly promoting good and rapid economic and social development. This is precisely a major issue that is common to developed and underdeveloped regions and needs to be implemented differently. Section 4 Scientific Outlook on Development: The Core Concept of Jointly Followed and Differentiated Implementation by Developed Regions and Underdeveloped Regions We say that the Scientific Outlook on Development is the core concept that developed regions and underdeveloped regions need to follow together and implement differently, and the fundamental reason is that the scientific nature of the Scientific Outlook on Development determines the commonality and difference between the implementation of developed regions and underdeveloped regions. As a scientific thought on development, the essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development lies in emphasizing the scientific nature of development and advocating promoting development with scientific thinking, scientific attitude, scientific spirit, scientific methods and paths. It reveals the universal law of development and requires development in accordance with scientific laws, that is, development is achieved by effectively following and effectively controlling objective laws. This fundamentally determines that the scientific outlook on development has common and universal guiding significance for developed regions and underdeveloped regions. Specific investigation shows that the scientific outlook on development emphasizes internal economic development and the comprehensive and coordinated development of economic and social development, especially adhering to the core concept of people-oriented, emphasizing that economic growth is only a means to achieve comprehensive human development, and the premise of comprehensive human development is the comprehensive development of society, and the comprehensive development of society needs to be reflected through comprehensive human development. Comprehensive human development does not refer to the development of a few, but to the equitable development of all peoples; It does not only refer to meeting people's material needs, but also satisfying people's value needs in social life, spiritual life, political life, ecological life and other aspects, so that people's physical and intellectual potentials can be fully developed. And these are the requirements of sustainable development. Because people-oriented development can maintain sustainable development through comprehensive and coordinated development, any so-called development that only focuses on immediate benefits and does not care about future damage should not be regarded as scientific and rational development. In other words, an important feature of scientific development is that current production activities and lifestyles should not harm the future prospects of society. These profound implications of the scientific outlook on development are undoubtedly deeply understood by both developed and underdeveloped regions and effectively used to guide action. Since the reform and opening up, both developed and underdeveloped regions have adhered to economic construction as the center and made efforts to promote rapid economic development. After entering the comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society, various constraints to the development of developed and underdeveloped regions have become increasingly prominent, and the contradictions and problems encountered in the process of progress have become more complex and challenging. The many contradictions and severe challenges faced by each of them in the process of development have put forward urgent requirements for the implementation of the scientific outlook on development in both developed and underdeveloped regions. Only by complying with this requirement can developed and underdeveloped regions scientifically cope with the new situation and new challenges of development, keep a sober mind in the complicated economic life and social contradictions, and find the correct strategies, ideas and countermeasures for development. Further, in the past period, there were indeed many common cognitive problems in the realization of scientific development in developed and underdeveloped regions. For example: the awareness of integrated economic and social development is not strong enough; The view of maintaining a good ecological environment and achieving sustainable development is relatively weak; The idea of putting people first did not take root; There are obvious differences in the degree of understanding of the scientific outlook on development between the high, middle and grassroots levels, and to a certain extent, there is a phenomenon of "hot at both ends and cool in the middle"; Wait a minute. As a result, the economic development mode of both developed and underdeveloped areas has failed to undergo rapid changes, which to a considerable extent restricts the healthy development of economic and social undertakings. Recently, some developed and underdeveloped areas have seen new biases, such as not looking at reality and changing the mode of economic development as quickly as possible, which has affected the scientific transformation of the development mode and the scientific nature of development. This further shows that both developed and underdeveloped regions need to establish a brand-new understanding of development from the height of the concept of development, earnestly use the scientific outlook on development to dominate the overall situation of economic and social development, and earnestly and effectively implement it. Firmly establishing and comprehensively and effectively implementing the scientific outlook on development is a common requirement of both developed and underdeveloped regions. In addition, due to the different foundations and conditions of their development, the problems arising in the development process are also obviously different between developed and less developed regions. For example, at the beginning of the scientific outlook on development, in terms of development goals, developed regions have gradually attached importance to social development and improvement of people's livelihood, but only the bias of GDP is still manifested from time to time; Less developed regions are more eager to achieve results, blindly pursuing growth speed. In the introduction of foreign capital, developed areas are often "big radishes with a little mud"; In less developed areas, "all the dishes that are picked up in the basket". In terms of technology introduction, developed regions often only pay attention to the level of technology introduction, and do not digest, absorb and innovate the imported technology enough; Underdeveloped regions lack attention to the level of technology introduction, and it is even more difficult to talk about the digestion, absorption and innovation of imported technology. In terms of industrial distribution, developed regions do not pay enough attention to the optimization of industrial clusters and agglomerations; Underdeveloped areas still repeat the old path of "villages lighting fires and smoke everywhere" in developed areas. In terms of ecological environmental protection, developed areas tend to be less important than governance and heavy on transfer; Underdeveloped areas think that they have a large environmental capacity, and it doesn't matter if they are a little polluted, and they still repeat the old path of polluting first and then treating in developed areas. However, after several years of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development, there are still many obvious differences between developed and underdeveloped regions. For example, in terms of development goals, the bias of GDP in developed regions can be said to have been eliminated, but there is still a subconscious that the tasks of social development and improvement of people's livelihood are not as "hard" as GDP growth. Although the situation of underdeveloped regions rushing to achieve results and blindly pursuing growth speed has been reversed to a certain extent, the tendency to blindly pursue speed is still obvious. In terms of project introduction, the original phenomenon of "radish with a little mud" in the choice of traditional projects in developed regions no longer exists, but there is a certain degree of performance in the selection of high-tech industries, especially strategic emerging industry projects, reflecting that the negative effects such as pollution of traditional industries are more important, but the negative effects such as pollution of emerging industries are ignored; The introduction of general traditional projects in underdeveloped areas can still achieve "investment and capital selection", but the introduction of high-tech industries, especially strategic emerging industry projects, is still "picking up baskets and vegetables" as in the past. In terms of industrial transformation and upgrading, developed regions attach great importance to this, but there is a new misunderstanding that the development of emerging industries is completely equivalent to industrial transformation and upgrading, on the one hand, ignoring the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries, on the other hand, mistakenly believing that emerging industries are high-end industries, blindly developing emerging industries to achieve the purpose of industrial transformation and upgrading; Underdeveloped regions believe that their own industrial scale is still relatively small, the industrial foundation is still weak, and transformation and upgrading can be slow. All this also tells us that in the process of establishing and implementing the scientific outlook on development, developed and underdeveloped regions should fully consider the development gap between regions and the differences in the problems they have problems, persist in proceeding from reality in everything, take measures in a focused and targeted manner, and cannot impose uniformity, step by step, and one-size-fits-all. It is necessary to implement the scientific outlook on development in a scientific spirit, and both common adherence and differentiated implementation are a vivid embodiment of the scientific outlook on development implemented by developed and underdeveloped regions in the spirit of science. Section V: Logical Framework of the Outcome of the Project and Some Features of the Effort I. Logical Framework The Outcome of the Project consists of an introduction and six chapters. The introduction part first explains the background of the research of this topic, the formulation of the problem and the purpose of the research, the logical framework of the results of this topic and some characteristics reflected in the effort. At the same time, efforts are made to conduct more in-depth discussions and general elaborations of the scientific outlook on development, because this topic studies the implementation of the scientific outlook on development, and the discussion of the scientific outlook on development itself should become the most important research premise of this topic. The first chapter compares the development stages of developed and underdeveloped regions, including scientific definition of their specific stages of development and specific discussions on their respective phased characteristics, so as to lay the most important objective foundation for the differentiated implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed and underdeveloped regions. Chapter 2 compares and studies the requirements of scientific development in the respective stages of development of developed and underdeveloped regions and the difficulties to be solved, and discusses the differences in scientific development from the aspects of industrial layout, industrial development mode, economic and ecological relationship, improvement of people's livelihood and economic development mode, so as to provide a solid understanding base for the implementation of the differentiated implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed and underdeveloped regions. Chapter 3 further thinks dialectically on the differentiated implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed and underdeveloped regions, mainly comparing and analyzing the dual factors of their respective implementation of the scientific outlook on development, and concludes that both developed and underdeveloped regions should pursue advantages and avoid disadvantages, and show their strengths, so that the scientific outlook on development can be fully and effectively implemented in their respective regions. Chapter 4 compares and studies the paths of implementing the scientific outlook on development in developed and underdeveloped regions on the basis of the analysis of the previous chapters, not only studying their different paths, but also studying the interconnection and coordination between their different paths, so as to provide guidance for developed and underdeveloped regions to give full play to their own advantages and cooperate for win-win results. Chapter 5 further expands the research horizon and discusses the practice of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development in multiple regions, aiming to conduct multi-sample verification of the different focus points and paths of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development in developed and underdeveloped regions revealed by taking Southern Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu as examples, so as to show the applicability and universal significance of these different focus points and paths in a larger range. Finally, Chapter 6 discusses the common path of "differentiation" in the implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed and underdeveloped regions. This is because there are different paths for the implementation of the scientific outlook on development between developed and underdeveloped regions, and there should also be a common path. Therefore, after a more systematic and detailed study of "differentiation", that is, personality, in the above chapters, the last chapter 6 logically explores the commonality in the implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed and underdeveloped regions, that is, the common path, so as to find the "common ground" in the implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed and underdeveloped regions. As a result, the results of this project form a relatively rigorous logical framework and a more rigorous research system. Second, some characteristics of the effort to embody the first, the uniqueness of the research perspective. In the past, the research results on the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development were studied in a general sense, and even if they involved different developed and underdeveloped regions, they were basically limited to the study of the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development in developed areas or the study of the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development in the underdeveloped areas. However, the implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions should have common requirements and be different; It should be promoted together and implemented differently, otherwise it will be difficult to achieve good results. Starting from the investigation of the different stages and their respective phased characteristics of developed and underdeveloped regions, this project reveals the hierarchical and sequential advancement of the realization of the scientific outlook on development in the two different regions, and discusses the different requirements and path choices of scientific development, which not only reflects the distinctness of the theme, but also shows the uniqueness of the research perspective. It is precisely because of this unique research perspective that the results of this project have a relatively distinctive characteristic. Second, the scientific nature of research methods. First, pay attention to the use of dialectical research. Highlight the dialectical nature of research methods, strive to carry out dialectical thinking and in-depth discussion on the relationship between scientific development in developed areas and scientific development in underdeveloped areas, and closely focus on this general relationship, and specifically analyze the four pairs of relationships. (1) The relationship between scientific development and development stage. The stage of development is the objective basis of scientific development, and scientific development is the common orientation of the stage of development. (2) The relationship between the requirements of scientific development and the focus of scientific development. Developed regions and underdeveloped regions are at different stages of development, and scientific development has different requirements and different points of focus. (3) The relationship between favorable factors and unfavorable factors in scientific development. Whether it is a developed region or an underdeveloped region, there are often unfavorable factors hidden behind the favorable factors of scientific development, and there are often favorable factors in the unfavorable factors. Only by pursuing advantages and avoiding disadvantages and giving full play to strengths and avoiding weaknesses can we better achieve scientific development. (4) The relationship between different paths and common paths of scientific development. Individuality contains commonality, and the different paths of scientific development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions contain common paths, and different paths and common paths are dialectical unity. Through the dialectical analysis and rational thinking of the above pairs, the scientific and academic rationality of the research of this topic is greatly enhanced, and the research can be expanded to depth. The second is to pay attention to the use of comparative research methods. The combination of comparative method, inductive method, abstract method, etc. is also a prominent feature of the research method of this topic. Through the comparative research and analysis of the development stage of developed regions and underdeveloped regions, the objective basis for the differentiated implementation of the scientific outlook on development is clarified; Through the comparative research and analysis of the focus points of scientific development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions, the understanding base point of differentiated implementation of scientific outlook on development is determined; Through the comparative research and analysis of the dual factors of implementing the scientific outlook on development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions, the dialectical thinking of the differentiated implementation of the scientific outlook on development is deepened; Through the comparative research and analysis of different paths of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions, the realistic choices for the differentiated implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development are clarified, so as to make the idea of the differentiated implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions clearer, and also promote the improvement of the research level of this topic. The third is to pay attention to the use of quantitative research methods. In the process of qualitative analysis, make full use of data collection, numerical calculation, chart analysis, supplemented by model construction, from which qualitative conclusions are drawn or empirical tests are carried out on qualitative analysis results, so as to realize the complementarity of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and the complementarity of theoretical research and empirical research. Fourth, focus on the use of case study methods. When analyzing the different paths of implementing the scientific outlook on development in developed areas and underdeveloped areas, a number of typical cases are selected to support them, so as to make the analysis of path selection more convincing and strive to give people a vivid and vivid feeling. Especially on the basis of taking southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu as examples, through the discussion of the practice of implementing the scientific outlook on development in different regions in Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shandong provinces and representative regions in the east and west, the different paths of scientific development in developed areas and underdeveloped areas revealed by taking southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu as the research base point are verified with multiple samples, so as to make the research more objective and scientific. Third, the innovation of research content. First, it puts forward the scientific proposition of the differentiated implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed areas and underdeveloped regions. In view of the lack of comprehensive comparative research between developed regions and underdeveloped regions in the past research on the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development, it is clear that the Scientific Outlook on Development is the guiding ideology that both developed regions and underdeveloped regions need to follow and implement differently, and grasp the distinct theme of the differentiated implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development in developed and underdeveloped regions to carry out discussions, which fills the gap in this research and has innovative and pioneering significance. The second is to put forward the innovative concept of implementing the scientific outlook on development in the spirit of science, and strive to run this scientific innovative concept throughout the entire research process, especially based on the actual situation of regional development, and systematically put forward and demonstrate the different focus points and different paths of the implementation of the scientific outlook on development in developed and underdeveloped areas. (1) On the issue of industrial restructuring and upgrading, after research, it is believed that the focus of the adjustment and upgrading of southern Jiangsu, as a developed region, is to vigorously develop the modern service industry and accelerate the formation of the industrial structure with the service industry as the mainstay. (2) On the issue of the relationship between new industrialization and urbanization, after research, it is believed that southern Jiangsu should promote urban modernization and urban-rural integration with new industrialization, and the era of urban modernization and urban-rural integration in northern Jiangsu has not yet arrived. (3) On the issue of improving people's livelihood, after research, it is believed that Southern Jiangsu should be based on ensuring human development needs, seeking people's enjoyment needs, upgrading from "pursuing wealth" to "pursuing happiness", and making every effort to build "happy southern Jiangsu", while northern Jiangsu should be based on ensuring people's survival needs, seeking human development needs, upgrading from "pursuing poverty alleviation" to "pursuing prosperity", and making every effort to build "rich northern Jiangsu". (4) On the issue of changing the mode of development, after research, it is believed that the prominent focus of southern Jiangsu should be the pursuit of "good" in development, the "good" word first, the good in the fast, good and fast, while the prominent focus of northern Jiangsu should be the pursuit of development "fast", the "fast" word first, the fast in the good, fast and good. (5) On the issue of path selection for the implementation of the scientific outlook on development, the different path choices of developed regions and underdeveloped regions were proposed from the perspective of development leadership, factor accumulation, resource deepening, economic cycle and development momentum, highlighting their respective path characteristics. In addition, on the issue of scientific development evaluation index system, for the first time, an attempt was made to reflect the common requirements of scientific development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions with unified indicators, reflect the difference between scientific development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions with different weights of various indicators, and changed the usual index setting method, and listed "economic growth" independently from "economic development" as a large category of indicators, so as to highlight the most basic and important position of economic growth in economic and social development. It is also conducive to the differentiation of the weight of this indicator between developed and less developed regions; In addition, on the issue of rural labor supply, in the face of the situation that northern Jiangsu has also encountered "difficulty in recruitment" by enterprises in recent years, it is believed that the current labor supply in northern Jiangsu has exceeded the "Lewis inflection point I.", but has not yet reached the "Lewis inflection point II", so the equilibrium point of labor flow between urban and rural areas has not yet arrived, and the trend of rural labor shifting to urban areas has not changed on the whole. Research such as this seeks to be creative or innovative. Third, it put forward a number of relatively important viewpoints with certain novelties. These views are: (1) the scientific nature of the scientific outlook on development determines the commonality and difference between the implementation of it in developed regions and underdeveloped regions; (2) The phases of development determine the hierarchical and sequential advancement of the degree of realization of the scientific outlook on development in developed and underdeveloped regions; (3) The phased characteristics of developed and underdeveloped regions need to be observed and examined from a multi-dimensional perspective from the aspects of dynamic structure, functional structure, spatial structure and institutional structure of economic development; (4) The general law of economic and social development and the phased characteristics of different regions make the scientific development of developed regions and underdeveloped regions have common requirements and different focus points; (5) There are dual factors (that is, the advantages and disadvantages of the same factor) that affect the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development in both developed and underdeveloped regions, and only by facing these factors squarely can we seek advantages and avoid disadvantages from different aspects, give full play to strengths and avoid weaknesses, and seek appropriate paths, so that the Scientific Outlook on Development can be effectively implemented in their respective regions; (6) The different paths of implementing the scientific outlook on development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions are independent and interrelated; (7) Individuality contains commonality, and the "differentiated" path of implementing the scientific outlook on development in developed regions and underdeveloped regions contains a common path, and these common paths, that is, "common points", prominently reflect the universal law of scientific development and the universal requirements for the implementation of the scientific outlook on development. It is also crucial for developed and underdeveloped regions to grasp these universal laws and requirements. Fourth, the academic and practical nature of research results. Achievements of this project: (1) By putting forward the proposition of the differentiated implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development in developed and underdeveloped regions, we strive to enlighten developed and underdeveloped regions to adhere to the principle of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, proceed from reality in everything, and implement the Scientific Outlook on Development in a scientific spirit. (2) By putting forward a number of important views, arguments, arguments, and differentiated implementation paths and common implementation paths for implementing the scientific outlook on development, we strive to inspire developed and underdeveloped regions to innovate ideas and ideas, and promote scientific development with scientific thinking and methods. (3) By putting forward a number of policy suggestions, it strives to enlighten the government level to do a good job in the classification guidance and overall coordination of scientific development in developed and underdeveloped areas. (4) The "differentiation" of the Scientific Outlook on Development in developed and underdeveloped regions is not only an important practical issue, but also a valuable academic topic, and the research of this topic can also provide some useful references for theoretical academic circles to deepen research on the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development and promote scientific development in different regions. Therefore, the results of this project not only have strong practical value, but also have profound academic significance.（AI翻译）