向往美好、追求富有是人的天性，但是贫困作为与社会发展相伴生的一种社会现象，总是以各种方式和形态困扰着人类的生存和发展。进入20世纪90年代后，贫困与反贫困成为国际社会关注的重大问题。2000年9月，联合国召开全体成员国会议，189个国家共同签署了旨在消除贫困的《联合国千年宣言》，承诺“将不遗余力地帮助我们十亿多男女老少同胞摆脱目前凄苦可怜和毫无尊严的极端贫穷状况”,“决心使每一个人实现发展权，并使全人类免于匮乏”。对我国来说，有效遏止和消除贫困，最终实现共同富裕，是社会主义的本质要求，是保持政治稳定与促进社会和谐的重要条件，是政府义不容辞的历史责任。在2011年11月召开的中国扶贫工作会议上，胡锦涛指出，“稳定实现扶贫对象不愁吃、不愁穿，保障其义务教育、基本医疗和住房”是新时期我国扶贫开发的一项重要目标，并强调“扶贫开发是一项长期而重大的任务，是一项崇高而伟大的事业”。改革开放30多年来，我国政府始终致力于反贫困事业，成效斐然，为全球减贫事业作出了重大贡献。

扶贫开发，作为一项有组织的政府活动，应当重视绩效评估，追求扶贫效益。“建立科学合理的政府绩效评估指标体系和评估机制”（十七届二中全会决议）,“完善政府绩效考核体系，形成充满活力、富有效率、更加开放、有利于科学发展的体制机制”（胡锦涛在2008年中共中央政治局第五次集体学习时的讲话），是进一步提高扶贫开发绩效的必要路径。在中国政府开始实施2011—2020年“中国农村扶贫开发纲要”之际，运用政府绩效评估的相关理论和技术方法，对以往我国政府扶贫开发绩效的保障机制及其实施效果进行综合性和系统性评估，总结我国政府扶贫开发的成功经验，探析当前我国政府扶贫开发中存在的突出问题，提出改进和提升我国政府扶贫开发的有效对策，对于推进新时期的扶贫开发工作具有其必要性。

本书从“两大模块、七个维度”对政府扶贫开发绩效进行了评估。一是政府扶贫开发的保障机制评估模块，包括组织架构、监测瞄准、资金管理和扶贫方式四个维度；二是政府扶贫开发的效果评估模块，包括政府目标实现状况评估、贫困人群受益情况评估和资金绩效评估三个维度。本书的特色体现在以下两点：在研究内容上，突破了国内政府扶贫开发绩效评估集中于资金的单项性评估，把扶贫开发保障机制评估和效果评估有机结合，实现了政府扶贫开发绩效的综合评估。在研究方法上，率先将政府绩效评估方法和工具应用到政府扶贫开发领域，定性分析和定量分析相结合，探索了综合评估政府扶贫开发绩效的有效方法。.

作为国家社科基金项目“政府扶贫开发绩效评估”的研究成果，本书由郑志龙教授提出研究思路，经过课题组讨论确定写作提纲，课题组成员分头写出初稿，最后由郑志龙教授定稿。本书的具体写作分工如下：

郑志龙：第一章、第九章。

丁辉侠：第六章、第七章、第八章、第九章。

韩恒：第二章、第三章、第四章、第五章。

孙远太：第四章、第八章、第九章。

本书的研究与写作受到国家社科基金的资助。在研究和写作过程中，国务院扶贫开发办公室、河南省扶贫开发办公室的张成智主任提供了系统翔实的数据资料。郑州大学公共管理学院的硕士研究生窦松博、张翅、刘盈君和张惠涛等参与了资料的收集整理，郑州大学公共管理学院的部分老师提供了中肯的修改意见和热情的帮助。本书的出版得到了中国社会科学出版社武云博士的大力帮助。在此，我们一并向他们表示衷心的感谢！由于水平有限，本书难免有不妥之处，我们真诚欢迎各位学者批评指正！

郑志龙

2011年12月10日

It is human nature to yearn for beauty and pursue wealth, but poverty, as a social phenomenon associated with social development, has always plagued the survival and development of human beings in various ways and forms. After entering the 90s of the 20th century, poverty and anti-poverty have become major issues of concern to the international community. In September 2000, the United Nations convened a meeting of all Member States, and 189 countries signed the United Nations Millennium Declaration aimed at eradicating poverty, pledging "to spare no effort to lift more than one billion of our fellow men, women and children out of the current deplorable and undignified conditions of extreme poverty" and "determined to enable everyone to realize the right to development and to free all humankind from want". For China, effectively curbing and eliminating poverty and ultimately achieving common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism, an important condition for maintaining political stability and promoting social harmony, and an unshirkable historical responsibility of the government. At the China Poverty Alleviation Work Conference held in November 2011, Hu Jintao pointed out that "the stable realization of poverty alleviation targets without worrying about food and clothing, and ensuring their compulsory education, basic medical care and housing" is an important goal of China's poverty alleviation and development in the new era, and stressed that "poverty alleviation and development is a long-term and important task and a noble and great cause". Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the Chinese government has always been committed to the cause of anti-poverty, with remarkable results and made significant contributions to the cause of global poverty reduction. As an organized government activity, poverty alleviation and development should attach importance to performance evaluation and pursue poverty alleviation benefits. "Establishing a scientific and reasonable government performance evaluation index system and evaluation mechanism" (resolution of the Second Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee) and "improving the government performance appraisal system and forming a dynamic, efficient, more open institutional mechanism conducive to scientific development" (Hu Jintao's speech at the fifth collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in 2008) are necessary ways to further improve the performance of poverty alleviation and development. At the time when the Chinese government began to implement the "Outline of China's Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development" from 2011 to 2020, the relevant theories and technical methods of government performance evaluation were used to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the guarantee mechanism and implementation effect of the previous performance of the Chinese government in poverty alleviation and development, summarize the successful experience of the Chinese government in poverty alleviation and development, explore the outstanding problems existing in the current poverty alleviation and development of the Chinese government, and propose effective countermeasures to improve and upgrade the poverty alleviation and development of the Chinese government. It is necessary to promote poverty alleviation and development in the new era. This book evaluates the government's poverty alleviation and development performance from "two modules and seven dimensions". The first is the evaluation module of the guarantee mechanism of government poverty alleviation and development, including four dimensions: organizational structure, monitoring targeting, fund management and poverty alleviation mode; The second is the evaluation module of the effect of government poverty alleviation and development, including three dimensions: evaluation of government goal achievement, evaluation of poor people's benefit and fund performance evaluation. The characteristics of this book are reflected in the following two points: in terms of research content, it breaks through the single evaluation of domestic government poverty alleviation and development performance evaluation focusing on funds, organically combines the evaluation of poverty alleviation and development guarantee mechanism and effect evaluation, and realizes the comprehensive evaluation of the government's poverty alleviation and development performance. In terms of research methods, he took the lead in applying government performance evaluation methods and tools to the field of government poverty alleviation and development, and combined qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to explore effective methods for comprehensively evaluating government poverty alleviation and development performance. As the research results of the National Social Science Foundation project "Government Poverty Alleviation and Development Performance Evaluation", this book was put forward by Professor Zheng Zhilong, and after the discussion of the research group, the writing outline was determined, and the members of the research group wrote the first draft, and finally the draft was finalized by Professor Zheng Zhilong. The specific division of labor in this book is as follows: Zheng Zhilong: Chapters 1 and 9. Ding Huixia: Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9. Han Heng: Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5. Sun Yuantai: Chapters 4, 8, 9. The research and writing of this book was funded by the National Social Science Foundation. In the process of research and writing, Zhang Chengzhi, director of the State Council Poverty Alleviation and Development Office and the Henan Provincial Poverty Alleviation and Development Office, provided systematic and detailed data. Dou Songbo, Zhang Yi, Liu Yingjun and Zhang Huitao, master's students from the School of Public Administration of Zhengzhou University, participated in the collection and collation of data, and some teachers from the School of Public Administration of Zhengzhou University provided pertinent suggestions and enthusiastic help. The publication of this book was greatly assisted by Dr. Wu Yun of China Social Sciences Press. We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to them! Due to the limited level, it is inevitable that there will be something wrong with this book, and we sincerely welcome all scholars to criticize and correct! Zheng Zhilong, December 10, 2011（AI翻译）