Disciplines are relatively independent branches of knowledge.Disciplinary Institution determinates structure of a university.It is around disciplinary divisions that a university develops its structure of academic organizations.Disciplinary Institutions are important for disciplines development.It is around Disciplines that studies in different academic fields are carried out.Progressing from disorder to order，Modern China's National Universities’established a“school-department”structure of disciplines and speciparaies.With disciplinary divisions as structural basis，these universities played their roles in Knowledge dissemination，innovation and utilization，and performed functions of education，research and social service.A study of China's national universities’modernization from the perspective of disciplinary institution and development will not only be helpful to enrich education modernization theories，but also with significant practical meanings to disciplinary development in nowadays universities.

This dissertation consists of nine chapters：the first chapter，introduction，includes statement of the problem and significance of the study，definitions of key terms，a literature review and the research design，especially research methodology.The second chapter introduces the ideological basis of modern China's national universities’disciplinary institution.It begins with context and motivation for transformation of China's traditional“four disciplines”，which are Confucian classics，historical records，philosophical writings and miscellaneous works，in modern times，and continues to present a review of disciplinary division ideas in academic fields and forms of disciplinary institution in universities in late Qing dynasty.This chapter provides the knowledge basis and institutional background for the discussion of disciplinary institution in modern China's national universities.Chapter three to six，describe disciplinary institution and development in modern China's national universities.First，an introduction of forms of disciplinary institution in universities in late Qing dynasty，as well as in national universities in early stage of the Republic of China，and reorganization and development of disciplines in the middle of the Republic of China.Chapter seven and eight are study cases.Chapter seven illustrates how education as a discipline developed and evolved in modern China's national universities，highlighting factors exerting influences on the process.Chapter eight selects two universities，one national and one private，and compares differences and similarities in disciplinary institution and development in the two universities，emphasizing the role of school operators.The concluding chapter is a theoretic analysis of disciplinary institution in modern China's national universities.It summarizes the characteristics and patterns of disciplinary development and evolution，and discusses policy implications of this study.A series of recommendations are made in regard to disciplinary development in nowadays universities.

This study adopts the theory of internal-external relations of higher education development，combines historical facts and resources with academic arguments.Literature review，comparative and statistical methods are used.

The study suggests that，in the formation of disciplines，China did not inherit too much from its tradition；on the transformation of disciplinary institution，western university models exerted deep influences on modern China's national universities’transition from“discipline-program”structure to“school department”structure.The process of disciplinary institution is an active and positive adaptation to social demands.Findings of this study have significant implications for education decision making concerning disciplinary development by nowadays universities.

Key Words：National Universities in Modern China；discipline，disciplinary

institution；disciplinary development

Disciplines are relatively independent branches of knowledge. Disciplinary Institution determinates structure of a university. It is around disciplinary divisions that a university develops its structure of academic organizations. Disciplinary Institutions are important for disciplines development. It is around Disciplines that studies in different academic fields are carried out. Progressing from disorder to order，Modern China's National Universities’established a“school-department”structure of disciplines and speciparaies. With disciplinary divisions as structural basis，these universities played their roles in Knowledge dissemination，innovation and utilization，and performed functions of education， research and social service. A study of China's national universities’modernization from the perspective of disciplinary institution and development will not only be helpful to enrich education modernization theories， but also with significant practical meanings to disciplinary development in nowadays universities. This dissertation consists of nine chapters：the first chapter，introduction，includes statement of the problem and significance of the study，definitions of key terms，a literature review and the research design，especially research methodology. The second chapter introduces the ideological basis of modern China's national universities’disciplinary institution. It begins with context and motivation for transformation of China's traditional“four disciplines”，which are Confucian classics，historical records，philosophical writings and miscellaneous works，in modern times，and continues to present a review of disciplinary division ideas in academic fields and forms of disciplinary institution in universities in late Qing dynasty. This chapter provides the knowledge basis and institutional background for the discussion of disciplinary institution in modern China's national universities. Chapter three to six，describe disciplinary institution and development in modern China's national universities. First，an introduction of forms of disciplinary institution in universities in late Qing dynasty，as well as in national universities in early stage of the Republic of China，and reorganization and development of disciplines in the middle of the Republic of China.Chapter seven and eight are study cases. Chapter seven illustrates how education as a discipline developed and evolved in modern China's national universities，highlighting factors exerting influences on the process. Chapter eight selects two universities，one national and one private，and compares differences and similarities in disciplinary institution and development in the two universities， emphasizing the role of school operators. The concluding chapter is a theoretic analysis of disciplinary institution in modern China's national universities. It summarizes the characteristics and patterns of disciplinary development and evolution，and discusses policy implications of this study. A series of recommendations are made in regard to disciplinary development in nowadays universities. This study adopts the theory of internal-external relations of higher education development，combines historical facts and resources with academic arguments. Literature review，comparative and statistical methods are used. The study suggests that，in the formation of disciplines，China did not inherit too much from its tradition； on the transformation of disciplinary institution，western university models exerted deep influences on modern China's national universities’transition from“discipline-program” structure to“school department”structure. The process of disciplinary institution is an active and positive adaptation to social demands. Findings of this study have significant implications for education decision making concerning disciplinary development by nowadays universities. Key Words：National Universities in Modern China； discipline，disciplinaryinstitution； disciplinary development（AI翻译）

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