本书的写作源于笔者开始于2004年的一个研究项目，即后来成为2005年度湖南省社会科学基金立项资助项目（05YB69）及2006年度国家社会科学基金立项资助项目（06BZZ021）的《政府领导力与政府责任研究》。笔者想知道，领导力的科学内涵是什么？领导力思想变迁情况如何？尤其是伴随“强人政治”的逝去，魅力型（Charismatic）英雄式领导模式已经式微，那么作为政府组织，又伴随了怎样的领导理念更新？有哪些领导行为类型及机制？其领导力如何表达？能不能构建及如何构建领导力评估模式？不同的组织情境中应有什么样的领导行为类型和领导个性与之相适应才能达成高的领导效能？怎样才能提高政府组织的领导力以实现其组织愿景？

人们皆知，国家、政府乃至现代组织的出现是一个历史范畴，就其本质而言是人类追求有序生活的必然选择。而这些组织的出现，又必然伴随着组织管理及领导行为的产生；时至今日，不论是处于转型期的社会，还是已经步入后工业阶段形成多元结构的社会，组织及其领导行为的作用都日显重要。就作用空间而言，领导行为及其领导力发生于盈利性的企业组织，也可能发生于非营利性的社团组织，还可能是公共性的政府组织。按照领导管理理论，政府也是组织。在本书中主要讨论的正是具有公共属性的政府组织中的领导行为，以及领导者个体与整体从一定的可知性领导行为过程中所体现出的领导力、所要达成的领导效能以及所要表达的领导责任。

对领导力的研究最早始于西方20世纪80年代的企业领域，其研究对象是领导管理者个体；90年代后拓展到公共领域，并开始关注组织整体及领导管理团队的领导力；也正是在此时领导力这一主题得到了中国学界的关注。人们从不同的视角思考领导及其行为的本质，便对领导力界定不同的内涵。无论从个体还是从组织而言，领导力实际上就是一种影响力，是存在于领导行为中的一种核心能力。同时，“领导力是有层次的，是需要不断突破、不断提升的”（詹姆斯·库泽斯：《领导力》，第Ⅶ页）。

作为政府组织，领导力的有无或高低取决于政府组织的行为类型、行为机制及行为环境。当前，政府领导行为可设计为变革型领导、竞合型领导、服务型领导、可靠型领导及共享型领导五种领导行为；与其对应，要想发挥不同类型政府领导行为的效能，就必须找到其效能点，即创新点、共赢点、需求点、信任点和均衡点；并且还必须确保相应的五种机制的有效切入，即创新机制、协同机制、责任机制、信用机制以及和谐机制。只有这样，政府组织的领导力才能提升，其现实目标及组织愿景才有可能达成。

对政府组织领导力的科学评估研究相对缺乏而又相当重要。对一个政府组织在公共管理中的一系列行政规划制定，行政措施实施以及所取得的效能进行全面考察，要遵循“不过度看重结果，同时关注领导过程”的理念，按照真实性、满意度、持久性的原则进行。为此，笔者构建了政府组织领导力的科学评估体系，从横向和纵向两个维度即分别结合政府领导行为发生的“政治、经济、社会、文化”四条路径以及创新、协同、责任、信用、和谐五个取向，综合形成了全方位360°评估政府组织领导力的指标，可以通过由政府组织自身提供数据、问卷调查与走访及专家综合分析来实施对某一政府组织的领导力评估；为验证设计方案的信度、效度及可行性，笔者选择了长沙市的芙蓉区、雨花区、岳麓区及株洲市的芦淞区、湘潭市的岳塘区五个区级政府组织及其市民进行了两套问卷的调查及走访，对评估体系及指标做了信度、效度及可行性的实证测试与分析，进一步提升了研究设计的科学性、可操作性及价值。

中国政府领导在现时代情境下追求强国富民，必将面临诸多挑战。和谐领导力的提出及其相应要求，实际上是社会转型期对中国政府领导在处理效率与公平、发展与稳定、共建与共享关系中的全面导航。作为社会治理的主要主体，政府必须遵循从个体领导走向公共领导，从追求公共管理效率走向追求公共领导效能，以承担政治、经济、社会、文化等责任，在动员社会力量、提高内部管理绩效、提升服务水平等方面发挥重要的领导作用。

The writing of this book originated from a research project that the author began in 2004, namely "Research on Government Leadership and Government Responsibility", which later became the 2005 Hunan Provincial Social Science Foundation (05YB69) and the 2006 National Social Science Foundation (06BZZ021). I would like to know, what is the scientific meaning of leadership? What is the change in leadership thinking? Especially with the passing of "strongman politics", the charismatic heroic leadership model has declined, so as a government organization, what kind of leadership concept has been updated? What are the types and mechanisms of leadership behavior? How is its leadership expressed? Can and how can a leadership assessment model be constructed? What types of leadership behaviors and personalities should be appropriate in different organizational contexts to achieve high leadership effectiveness? How can we improve the leadership of government organizations to achieve their organizational vision? As we all know, the emergence of states, governments, and even modern organizations is a historical category, and by its very nature is an inevitable choice for human beings to pursue an orderly life. The emergence of these organizations will inevitably be accompanied by the emergence of organizational management and leadership behavior; Today, the role of organizations and their leadership behaviors is becoming increasingly important, both in societies in transition and in societies that have entered the post-industrial stage and formed a pluralistic structure. In terms of space, leadership behavior and leadership can occur in for-profit business organizations, non-profit community organizations, and public government organizations. According to leadership management theory, government is also an organization. In this book, the main discussion is the leadership behavior in government organizations with public attributes, as well as the leadership embodied in the process of individual and overall leadership behavior of individual and overall leaders, the leadership effectiveness to be achieved, and the leadership responsibility to be expressed. The research on leadership first began in the corporate field in the 80s of the 20th century in the West, and its research objects were individual leaders and managers; After the 90s, he expanded into the public domain and began to pay attention to the leadership of the organization as a whole and leading the management team; It was also at this time that the topic of leadership attracted the attention of Chinese academic circles. People think about the nature of leadership and its behavior from different perspectives, and define different connotations of leadership. Whether from an individual or an organizational point of view, leadership is actually a kind of influence, a core ability that exists in leadership behavior. At the same time, "leadership is hierarchical and requires constant breakthrough and improvement" (James Couzers, Leadership, p. VII). As a government organization, the existence or level of leadership depends on the behavior type, behavior mechanism and behavior environment of the government organization. At present, government leadership behavior can be designed as transformational leadership, coopetition leadership, service leadership, reliable leadership and shared leadership. Correspondingly, in order to give full play to the effectiveness of different types of government leadership behaviors, we must find their effectiveness points, that is, innovation points, win-win points, demand points, trust points and equilibrium points; And it is also necessary to ensure the effective entry of the corresponding five mechanisms, namely the innovation mechanism, the synergy mechanism, the responsibility mechanism, the credit mechanism and the harmony mechanism. Only in this way can the leadership of government organizations be enhanced, and their realistic goals and organizational vision can be achieved. Scientific assessment of government organizational leadership is relatively lacking and important. A comprehensive examination of a series of administrative plans, the implementation of administrative measures and the effectiveness achieved by a government organization in public management should follow the concept of "not paying too much attention to results, but also paying attention to the leadership process", and follow the principles of authenticity, satisfaction and persistence. To this end, the author constructs a scientific evaluation system for the leadership of government organizations, which combines the four paths of "politics, economy, society and culture" and the five orientations of innovation, collaboration, responsibility, credit and harmony from the horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively, to form an all-round 360° index for evaluating the leadership of government organizations, which can be implemented by providing data, questionnaires and interviews and comprehensive analysis of experts by the government organizations themselves. In order to verify the reliability, validity and feasibility of the design scheme, the author selected five district-level government organizations in Furong District, Yuhua District, Yuelu District in Changsha City, Lusong District in Zhuzhou City, and Yuetang District in Xiangtan City and their citizens to conduct two sets of questionnaires and visits, and conducted empirical tests and analyses on the reliability, validity and feasibility of the evaluation system and indicators, which further improved the scientificity, operability and value of the research design. The Chinese government's leadership will face many challenges in their pursuit of strengthening the country and enriching the people in the current situation. The proposal of harmonious leadership and its corresponding requirements are actually a comprehensive navigation of the Chinese government leadership in the relationship between efficiency and fairness, development and stability, and co-construction and sharing during the period of social transformation. As the main subject of social governance, the government must follow the shift from individual leadership to public leadership, from the pursuit of public management efficiency to the pursuit of public leadership effectiveness, in order to assume political, economic, social, cultural and other responsibilities, and play an important leadership role in mobilizing social forces, improving internal management performance, and improving service levels.（AI翻译）