近年来，汉语方言的研究成为众人瞩目的一个研究领域，除了传统的方言像粤方言、吴方言、闽方言、客赣方言研究硕果累累之外，山东方言、晋方言的研究也取得了辉煌的成果，东北方言是北方方言的一个重要组成部分，但从目前的研究来看，无论是东北方言的研究还是东北方言语音的研究都不兴旺，而东北方言语音史的研究尤其差强人意，这种情况与方言史、语音史的重要性很不相称。清代东北方言语音的研究，是东北方言研究的重要组成部分。但目前学术界对清代东北方言的研究很少，到目前为止还没有进行系统的考察和研究，这使我们无法了解这一时期的东北方言语音情况，这在一定程度上影响了对现代普通话语音系统的准确认识，进而影响到“正音”——这项国家语言文字工作的进行。所以，清代东北方言语音的研究具有重要意义：一可以填补东北方言史研究的空白；二可以为完善汉语语音史的修撰提供素材；三可以为现代汉语普通话语音的研究和正音工作提供重要的材料和结论；四可以证明普通话基础语音系统的来源。因此，很有必要对此进行专门探讨。但此项研究也有若干困难，如东北地方居住的民族较多，移民来源复杂，移民以及原居少数民族以其各种原因流动频繁。此外，也体现在研究方法上，目前的研究跟音韵文献的整理发掘结合得不够紧密，借鉴和利用训诂学、词源学、文字学、文化学、历史学、民族语言的研究等领域的成果不够充分，并没有恰当而娴熟地运用新理论和新方法。近年来虽有数名学者投身于此项研究事业，在该领域中进行了开拓和探索，但与系统研究还相距太远，因此，有必要进行全面的研究。本文主要根据几部反映清代东北方言的韵书古籍，如《黄钟通韵》、《音韵逢源》、《奉天通志》等，以及日、朝等国反映东北方言的域外文献《华音启蒙谚解》、《你呢贵姓》、《骑着一匹》、《学清》、《支那语讲义》、《满洲土语研究》等，在研究过程中，以中国古代韵书所见语音特征为主，以朝、日文献所见语音特征为辅；以前者立论，以后者验证并且兼顾发展变化的考察。全面、系统地探讨清代汉语方言语音系统的若干特征，并对这些特征的形成、发展、对后世语音的影响作出说明和合理的解释。争取实事求是，客观地、科学地对待近代音韵材料，打开方音史研究的大天地，把方言韵书的真正价值发掘出来。

全文共分七章。

第1章绪论。在绪论中首先讨论一百年来东北方言语音研究的历史与状况，据我们的阅读和统计，从数目、研究的深度和广度来看，一百年的东北方言研究，没有“略于词汇、语法”，反倒是对东北方言语音史揭示得不够充分，日本学者的东北方言研究跟这种情形相差无几。在全面继承前修时贤的研究成果的基础上，借鉴正确的结论和方法，发现新的问题以及前人论及而未备者，在此基础上，探讨清代东北地区汉语方言的语音系统，补足方言语音史的重要环节，为普通话语音系统找到一个重要的来源。

第2章清代东北政区、人口和语言状况。首先依据正史文献考察确定清代东北地理和行政区划，其中包括奉天将军、吉林将军、黑龙江将军及蒙古族所辖区域，从而确定了清代东北的疆域。在此基础上，讨论了清代东北行政区划与今天东北行政区划的关系。根据文献材料和移民史材料考察和厘清了辽金以降东北地区人口构成和居住状况，重点探讨汉族移民、流民、被掠人口的数量、来源地、到达东北的时间等，探讨清代东北地区各民族间的语言接触（以语音相互间的影响为例），考察“官庄”人口来源以及对东北方言音系形成的影响，流民、移民、流放者三类汉族人对东北方言音系形成的影响。同时揭示大批操东北方言的人因为清王室入驻北京而“从龙入关”，把东北方言带进了京城，这一大批人在北京长期生活之后，其中有一些人因为无所事事而被迁移回东北，从而有机会使东北方音与北京音广泛而深入地接触，从北京迁出后，这些人大多在今黑龙江、吉林两省定居，所以，这两省的汉语语音跟北京语音极为相似，可见东北方言语音系统是普通话语音系统的重要来源之一，这是有历史文献证明的史实。进而讨论清代汉语的语音系统。通过与《切韵》音系、《中原音韵》音系的对比，说明清代汉语东北方言语音系统的重大特征，例如，声母、韵母、声调都大为简化等宏观考察。

第3章《黄钟通韵》语音系统与东北方音考论。首先简要介绍了《黄钟通韵》及其研究概况，梳理前人的研究成果。其次从声母、韵母、声调三个方面，总结和归纳了《黄钟通韵》的语音系统，并对一些重要的语音现象进行了探讨，为研究清代东北方言语音提供了重要的材料。声母方面，归纳了《黄钟通韵》的声母系统，并对尖团音问题进行了深入的探讨；韵母部分，总结和归纳了每个韵部所包含的韵类及每个韵类的中古来源、分合及其演变的关系；声调方面，考察了该书的声调系统，并且对该书的声调归属与东北方音调类的关系进行了深入的探讨。该书所反映的语音现象为深入探讨清代东北方言语音系统的若干特征奠定了重要基础。

第4章《音韵逢源》语音系统与东北方音考论。首先简要介绍了《音韵逢源》及其研究现状，进而从声母、韵母、声调三个方面总结归纳了《音韵逢源》的语音系统，并且对其所揭示的一些重要语音现象进行了详细的论述。声母方面，归纳了该书的声母系统，共二十一母；韵母方面，详细分析每个韵部所包含的韵类及韵类的来源、分合和发展演变情况；声调方面，从平分阴阳、浊上归去、入派四声三个方面论述了《音韵逢源》的声调情况。在此基础上，考察《音韵逢源》语音系统与清代东北方音的关系。同时，结合《黄钟通韵》所反映的语音情况，细化清代东北方言语音的特征。

第5章《奉天通志》语音系统与东北方音考论。在介绍《奉天通志》及其研究状况之后，着力就这部史书的“礼俗四”和“方音”两部分内容所反映的清末民初的奉天话的声母、韵母、声调系统，口语词、俗语词、方言词反映的方言语音特征等进行考证，努力发掘其所包含的清末民初的东北方言的诸项语音特征以使本项研究在时间上得以向下延展。

第6章朝鲜文献四种所见音系及清代东北方音考论。因历史、地理、陆路交通、贸易交流、生活习俗、移民等方方面面的原因，朝鲜王朝的韩语会话教材的语音系统跟当时的东北方言有千丝万缕的亲近关系。并且朝鲜语的对音材料在语音标示方面比汉语传统韵书充满术数和术语的玄妙描写更为直观和明晰，所以，朝鲜对音文献在揭示语音特征、验证研究结论等方面具有重要作用。此外，朝鲜对音文献还可以弥补国内近代语音资料的遗缺，为近代汉语语音史的研究提供新的较为可靠的佐证。《华音启蒙谚解》和《你呢贵姓》即以东北官话为基础，兼收并蓄北京官话的某些特点，是我们研究清代东北方言不可多得的语音材料。本章以《华音启蒙谚解》、《你呢贵姓》作为研究对象，考察这些朝鲜域外文献所反映的语音情况，如微母的消失问题、见晓系颚化问题、全浊声母清音化、日母字变化为零声母字问题、平舌翘舌音不分问题、入声韵的消失、[-m]尾韵在北方话里消失、儿化韵和轻声问题等等，进而探讨与清代东北方音的关系，进一步印证清代汉语东北方言语音系统的特征。

第7章日本文献两种所见音系与清代东北方音考论。根据反映20世纪初、中期东北方言的日文书籍《支那语讲义》和《满洲土语研究》两本书作为研究对象，对书中的语音注释部分建立语料库，对其所反映的语音现象进行分析、整理、归纳。并把其所反映的语音特征与清初汉语东北方言的音系进行对比，以此为根据说明清初迄今二百多年间东北方言语音系统的历史演变，由于日语记录语音比汉语更为直接，因此可以更为直观地反映这种演变。

结语。回顾了本文的研究，并总结了本课题的主要研究成果。

关键词：

汉语史，汉语语音史，方言音系，清代，东北方音，韵书韵图，朝日汉语教科书

Abstract

In recent years, Chinese dialect research has become a popular title, besides the fruitful research of traditional dialects as Yue dialect, Wu dialect,Min dialect Kegan dialect,Shangdong dialect and Jin dialect also develope rapidly.Northeast dialect is a important part of North dialect, considering the current research, neither northeast dialect research nor the Northeast dialect voice study developed well, particularly on the research of the northeast dialect phonetics history, the fact can not go with the importance of dialect history and the phonetics history.the research of the northeast dialect voice in Qing dynasty is the important part of the northeast dialect researc.At present,few researches are carried out in a systemic way, and we can not understand the Northeast dialect voice during this period, in part, the fact may influence the understanding of modern Putonghua phonetics system, and the development of “phonetic correction”project in the national language field.Therefore, it is very significant for the research of Northeast dialect pronunciation in Qing dynasty: first, the research may fill the vacancy of Northeast dialect history, secondly,it may provide the basic materials for the revision of Chinese phonetics history;thirdly, it may provide important materials and conclusion for the research of modern Putonghua phonetics and pronunciation correction project;lastly,it may prove the origin of Putonghua basic phonetics system.Therefore,it is necessary to explore this title.But there are also some barriers in such research, such as the multiple peoples in the north, the complex immigrants, the combination of the original minority and the immigrants.In addition, on the approaches, the less link between the current research and verse literature collection, and the less utilization of origin, derivation, character, literature, history, and folk language, and it can employ the new theory and new methods masterly.In recent years, though there are a few scholars engaged in this field, it is far from the systemic research, so it is necessary to make a full research.This essay is mainly based on several books which can reflect northeast dialect as “huangzhong tongyun”,“yinyun fengyuan”, and foreign books as “huayin qimeng yanjie”, “nine guixing”, “zhinayu jiangyi” from Japan and Korea.During the course of research, it mainly relies on the phonetic characters in ancient works, utilizes the Korean, Japanese literature as assistance; to make a point from the former, to testify and develop by the following.The essay explores the several characters of Chinese dialect phonetic system in Qing dynasty from every aspects, and make sound statements and explanations about the formation, development and the influence on the following phonetics of these charecters.Based on the real facts, the essay aims at a scientific consideration and investigation on the current phonetic material, enlarges the span of phonetic research, and explores the value of dialect verse.

The essay is divided into seven chapters.

Chapter One: Introduction.In this section, the essay mainly covers the condition of Northeast dialect phonetics in one hundred years, according to the statistic,, and considering the numbers, the depth and span of the research, the research of the Northeast dialect in one hundred years briefly focused on the vocabulary and grammar, and did not reveal the history of Northeast dialect phonetics, and it is same to the Japanese scholars in this field.Based on the previous achievements and correct conclusion and methods, and also the new problems and unsolved issues, the essay explores the phonetic system of Chinese dialect in the north in Qing dynasty, makes up the key element of phonetic history, and finds an important resource of Putonghua phonetic system.

Chapter Two: Administration, population and language in the north in Qing Dynasty .In this section, the essay makes a survey about the geography and administrative restrictions in the north that period as Fengtian General, Jilin General, Heilongjiang General, and Mongolian reign.And then classifies the north region in Qing Dynasty.Based on this point, the essay explores the connection between northern administration in Qing Dynasty and that nowadays.It makes clear about the population and living conditions in this area after liaojin period by literature and immigrant history, briefly focuses on the immigration, exile of Han people, the origin from and the arrival time, and explores the language contact among different peoples (examples of the influence of language contact).The essay also makes a survey about the origin of“guanzhang” and its influence on the phonetic system in the north.and flowing people, immigrants, exiles influence on the formation of northeast dialect phonetics.the essay reveals that a large number of people speaking northeast dialect came into Beijing with the invasion of Qing, they carried northeast dialect to Beijin, after living Beijing for a period of tiem, some of them left for the north for no business there, and the opportunity appeared that north dialect could make a contact with Beijing dialect, after removing from Beijing, most of them settled in heilongjian province and jilin province, so Chinese dialect in these two provinces is quite similar to Beijing dialect.So it is obvious that northeast dialect phonetic system is one important resource of Putonghua phonetic syste.And then the essay explores Chinese phonetic system in Qing Dynast.And states the main characters of northeast dialect phonetic system in Qing Dynasty by the contrast of phonetics of “qieyun” and “zhongyuan yinyun”, for instance, the essay makes a investigation on the simplicity of consonant, vowel, and tune.

Chapter Three: “Huangzhong tongyun” concerns with study on phonological system and northeast regional tones.First it briefly introduces the general idea of “huangzhong tongyun” and arranges predecessors' study fruit.Secondly it concludes and induces the phonological system of “huangzhong tongyun” from three aspects: initial consonants, vowels and tone.Furthermore, it takes deeply explore on some important phonological phenomenon that prepares important materials for study on northeast regional phonology in Qing dynasty.In terms of initial consonants, it induces initial consonants' systems and takes deeply explore on dental sibilants.In terms of vowels, it concludes and induces all phonetic types that every phonetic part involved and what relationships among the origin, spread and development of every phonetic types.In terms of tone, it investigates tone system of this book and explores the relationship between the tone attributes of the book and northeast regional tone types.What this book reflects on phonological phenomenon has established the foundation for further explore on many a character of northeast regional phonological systems in Qing dynasty.

Chapter Four: “Yinyun fengyuan” voice system and the sound test of north-east China.First "yinyun fengyuan" and its research are briefly introduced, its voice system is summed up from the three aspects of the initial consonant, vowel, and tone, and some of the important phenomena are discussed in detail .In the case of consonants, its system is summarized as a total of 21; of vowels, the detailed analysis is completed on the basis of each rhyme contained in category and type of the source of rhyme, the evolution of division and its development ;of tones, from the split between yin and yang cloud on returning into the camp on three aspects of four tones, the tone of “yinyun fengyuan” is discussed.On the basis of this, the relationship between “yinyun fengyuan”voice system and the northeast sound in the Qing Dynasty is analysed.At the same time, combined with the situation of the voice "huangzhong tongyun"reflected, the features of voice in north-east dialect in the Qing Dynasty are refined.

Chapter Five: Speech System in Mukden Annals and the Textual Research on Northeast Dialect.The paper verifies the dialectical speech features reflected in the initial consonants, final sounds, tone system, spoken language, popular words, dialect phonetic features in the late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China in the two parts of Etiquette and Dialectal Accent in this historical book.Then the relevant researches on the some speech features in the Northeast Dialect during that period will be discovered with great effort in order to render this research persistent chronically.

Chapter Six: The theory between four phonemes of Korean literature and northeast dialect in Qing dynasty.As a result of history, geography, overland transportation, trade communication, custom, emigration and so forth, the phoneme system of Korean conversation materials is quite close to northeast dialect, moreover, in Korean minimal pairs, phonetic transcription is more intuitionistic and clearer than traditional Chinese rhyme which is full of complex terms.Therefore, Korean minimal pair's literature has an effect on clarifying phonetic characteristics, testifying their conclusions.In addition, Korean minimal pair's literature not only makes up the lost latter-day phonetic files at home, but also provides a better proof for Chinese phonetic history.“huayu qimeng yanjie” and “nine guixing” are fantastic phonetic materials of studying northeast dialect in Qing dynasty, based on northeast formal language and some characteristics of Beijing formal language.This chapter studies these Korean phonetics through both books above all, such as disappearance of V, devocalization from vocalization, no initial from initial R, confusion of Level and Oblique Tones, checked tone, disappearance of [-m] coda in northeast dialect, final with ER and no tone, and discusses the relationship between them and testify the characteristics of northeast dialect's phonetic system in Qing dynasty further.

Chapter Seven: The between two phonemes of Japanese literature and northeast dialect in Qing dynasty.Based on the study of Research on “zhinayu jiangyi”and “manzhou tuyu yanjiu”, two Japanese books which explore the north-east dialect during the periods of the beginning and the middle of the 20^th century, this thesis analyzes, organizes and summaries the phonetic phenomenon embodied in the corpus of phonetic notes of the two works mentioned above.The findings from the comparison between the phonetic features of the two books and the phonology of the north-east dialect during the early Qing Dynasty throws much light on the historical evolution of the phonetic system of the north-east dialect in the past 200 years from the early Qing Dynasty till today.That Japanese is over Chinese in recording the sound symbols can reflect the evolution in a more direct way.

Conclusion: The author reviews what he has discovered and summaries what he has mainly achieved.

Key Words：

the History of Chinese, History of Chinese Phonology, Phonetic System of Dialect, Qing Dynasty, Rhyme Book and Rhyme Diagram, the Chinese Textbook in Japan and Korea.

In recent years, the study of Chinese dialects has become a research field of public attention, in addition to the traditional dialects such as Cantonese dialect, Wu dialect, Min dialect, Hakkan dialect research fruitful, Shandong dialect, Jin dialect research has also achieved brilliant results, Northeast dialect is an important part of northern dialect, but from the current research, neither the study of Northeast dialect nor the study of Northeast dialect phonology is not prosperous, and the research on the phonological history of Northeast dialect is particularly unsatisfactory, this situation is related to dialect history, The importance of phonological history is disproportionate. The study of the phonetics of the Northeast dialect of the Qing Dynasty is an important part of the study of the Northeast dialect. However, at present, there is very little research on the northeast dialect of the Qing Dynasty in the academic circles, and so far there has been no systematic investigation and research, which makes us unable to understand the phonetics of the northeast dialects in this period, which to a certain extent affects the accurate understanding of the modern Mandarin phonetic system, and then affects the progress of "zhengyin", the national language and writing work. Therefore, the study of the phonetics of the Northeast dialect in the Qing Dynasty is of great significance: first, it can fill the gap in the research of the history of the Northeast dialect; Second, it can provide materials for improving the revision of Chinese phonetic history; Third, it can provide important materials and conclusions for the research and orthophony work of modern Mandarin phonetics; Fourth, it can prove the origin of the basic phonetic system of Mandarin. It is therefore necessary to explore this issue specifically. However, this study also has some difficulties, such as the large number of ethnic groups living in the northeast, the complex sources of immigration, and the frequent movement of immigrants and indigenous minorities for various reasons. In addition, it is also reflected in the research methods, the current research is not closely integrated with the collation and excavation of phonological literature, and the results of borrowing and using the fields of hermeneutics, etymology, philology, cultural studies, history, and ethnic language research are not sufficient, and new theories and methods are not properly and skillfully used. In recent years, several scholars have devoted themselves to this research undertaking and pioneered and explored in this field, but they are still too far from systematic research, so it is necessary to conduct comprehensive research. This paper is mainly based on several ancient rhyme books that reflect the northeastern dialect of the Qing Dynasty, such as "Huang Zhong Tongyun", "Phonological Fengyuan", "Fengtian Tongzhi", etc., as well as the extraterritorial documents "Hua Yin Enlightenment Proverbs", "Your Noble Surname", "Riding a Horse", "Xueqing", "Lectures in China", "Studies on Manchurian Native Language", etc., in the process of research, the phonetic features seen in ancient Chinese rhyme books are mainly used, supplemented by the phonetic features seen in Korean and Japanese literature. The former is based on the theory, and the latter is used to verify and take into account the examination of development and change. This paper comprehensively and systematically discusses several characteristics of the phonological system of Chinese dialects in the Qing Dynasty, and explains and rationally explains the formation, development and influence of these characteristics on later generations of phonetics. Strive to seek truth from facts, treat modern phonological materials objectively and scientifically, open up the great world of research on the history of dialect sounds, and discover the true value of dialect rhyme books. The full text is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 Introduction. According to our reading and statistics, from the perspective of the number, depth and breadth of research, the research of northeastern dialects in one hundred years has not "slightly more than vocabulary and grammar", but does not fully reveal the phonetic history of northeastern dialects, and the northeastern dialect research of Japanese scholars is not much different from this situation. On the basis of fully inheriting the research results of the previous Xiu Shixian, drawing on the correct conclusions and methods, discovering new problems and those discussed by the predecessors but not prepared, on this basis, the phonetic system of Chinese dialects in the northeast region of the Qing Dynasty is discussed, which complements the important links of the phonetic history of dialects and finds an important source for the phonetic system of Mandarin. Chapter 2: Political Regions, Population, and Language in Northeast China during the Qing Dynasty. Firstly, the geographical and administrative divisions of northeast Qing Dynasty were determined based on the investigation of official historical documents, including the areas under the jurisdiction of Fengtian generals, Jilin generals, Heilongjiang generals and Mongols, so as to determine the territory of northeast Qing Dynasty. On this basis, the relationship between the administrative divisions of Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty and the administrative divisions of today's Northeast is discussed. According to the documentary materials and immigration history materials, the population composition and residence conditions of the northeast region from Liaojin to the lower part of the Liaojin Dynasty were investigated and clarified, focusing on the number, place of origin, and time of arrival of Han immigrants, displaced people, and plundered populations, discussing the linguistic contact between various ethnic groups in the northeast region of the Qing Dynasty (taking the influence of phonetics as an example), investigating the source of the "guanzhuang" population and the influence on the formation of the phonology of the northeast dialect, and the influence of three types of Han ethnic groups of displaced people, immigrants and exiles on the phonology formation of the northeast dialect. At the same time, it is revealed that a large number of people who speak the Northeast dialect "entered the customs from the dragon" because the Qing royal family settled in Beijing, and brought the Northeast dialect into the capital, and after this large number of people lived in Beijing for a long time, some of them were moved back to the northeast because they had nothing to do, so that they had the opportunity to make the Northeast dialect and the Beijing dialect have extensive and deep contact, and after moving out of Beijing, most of these people settled in present-day Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, so the Chinese phonetics of these two provinces are very similar to the Beijing phonetics, It can be seen that the Northeast dialect phonological system is one of the important sources of Mandarin pronunciation system, which is a historical fact proved by historical documents. It then discusses the phonetic system of Qing dynasty Chinese. By comparing with the phonology of "Cut Rhyme" and the phonology of "Zhongyuan Phonology", the major characteristics of the phonetic system of Northeast Chinese dialect in the Qing Dynasty are explained, for example, the consonant, vowel, and tone are greatly simplified. Chapter 3: The Phonological System of the Yellow Bell and the Northeast Pronunciation. First, the "Yellow Bell Tongyun" and its research overview are briefly introduced, and the research results of predecessors are sorted out. Secondly, from the three aspects of vowel, vowel and tone, the phonetic system of Huang Zhongtongyun is summarized and summarized, and some important phonetic phenomena are discussed, which provides important materials for the study of the phonetics of the northeast dialect of the Qing Dynasty. In terms of vowel, the vowel system of "Yellow Bell Tongyun" was summarized, and the problem of sharp group sound was discussed in depth. The rhyme part summarizes and summarizes the rhyme categories contained in each rhyme part and the relationship between the medieval origin, division and evolution of each rhyme class; In terms of tone, the tone system of the book is examined, and the relationship between the tone attribution of the book and the northeast tone class is discussed in depth. The phonetic phenomena reflected in this book laid an important foundation for an in-depth discussion of several characteristics of the phonetic system of the Northeast dialect of the Qing Dynasty. Chapter 4 "Phonological Origin" Phonological System and Northeast Phonology. Firstly, the research status of "Phonological Fengyuan" and its research status are briefly introduced, and then the phonetic system of "Phonological Fengyuan" is summarized from three aspects: vowel, vowel and tone, and some important phonological phenomena revealed by it are discussed in detail. In terms of vowel, the vowel system of the book is summarized, with a total of 21 vowels; In terms of rhyme, analyze in detail the rhyme types contained in each rhyme part and the source, division and development evolution of rhyme types; In terms of tone, the tone of "Phonological Fengyuan" is discussed from three aspects: equal division of yin and yang, return from voice, and entry into the four tones. On this basis, the relationship between the phonetic system of "Phonological Fengyuan" and the northeast dialect of the Qing Dynasty is investigated. At the same time, combined with the phonetic situation reflected in the "Yellow Bell Tongyun", the characteristics of the phonetics of the northeastern dialect of the Qing Dynasty are refined. Chapter 5 "Fengtian Tongzhi" phonological system and northeast phonological examination. After introducing the "Fengtian Tongzhi" and its research status, this paper focuses on the vowel, vowel, and tone system of the Fengtian dialect of the late Qing and early Min dynasties, as reflected in the two parts of this history book, such as the vowel, vowel, and tone system of the Fengtian dialect in the late Qing and early Min, and the phonetic characteristics of the dialect reflected in the spoken words, colloquial words, and dialect words, and strives to explore the phonetic characteristics of the Northeast dialect of the late Qing and early Min Dynasties contained in it, so that this research can be extended downward in time. Chapter 6: A Survey of the Four Phonological Systems Seen in Korean Literature and the Northeastern Dialect of the Qing Dynasty. Due to historical, geographical, land transportation, trade exchanges, living customs, immigration, and other reasons, the phonetic system of the Korean conversational textbooks of the Joseon Dynasty was inextricably related to the Northeastern dialect at that time. Moreover, the phonetic materials of Korean are more intuitive and clear in terms of phonetic marking than the mysterious descriptions of traditional Chinese rhyme books full of arithmetic numbers and terms, so Korean phonetic literature plays an important role in revealing phonetic characteristics and verifying research conclusions. In addition, Korean phonetic literature can also make up for the lack of modern phonetic data in China, and provide new and more reliable evidence for the study of modern Chinese phonetic history. "Hua Yin Enlightenment Proverbs" and "Your Noble Surname" are based on the Northeast official dialect and incorporate some characteristics of the Beijing official dialect, which is a rare phonetic material for us to study the Northeast dialect of the Qing Dynasty. This chapter takes "Hua Yin Enlightenment Proverbs" and "Your Noble Surname" as the research objects to investigate the phonetic situation reflected in these Korean extraterritorial documents, such as the disappearance of microvowel, the problem of palatization, the problem of fully voiced vowels being clean, the problem of changing Japanese vowels to zero-tone vowels, the problem of flat tongue upturned tongue indistinguishment, the disappearance of incoming rhyme, the disappearance of [-m] tail rhyme in northern dialects, the problem of child-like rhyme and soft voice, etc., and then discusses the relationship with the northeast dialect of the Qing Dynasty, and further confirms the characteristics of the phonological system of the Northeast dialect of Qing Dynasty Chinese. Chapter 7: A Study of the Two Phonological Systems Seen in Japanese Literature and the Northeast of the Qing Dynasty. Based on the Japanese books "Lectures in China" and "Studies on Manchurian Native Language", which reflect the northeastern dialect in the early and mid-20th century, a corpus was established to analyze, organize and summarize the phonetic phenomena reflected in them. It also compares the phonetic characteristics reflected in it with the phonology of the northeastern dialect of early Qing dynasty, and uses this as a basis to illustrate the historical evolution of the northeastern dialect phonological system in the early Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years, because the recorded phonetics of Japanese are more direct than Chinese, so it can reflect this evolution more intuitively. Epilogue. The research in this paper is reviewed and the main research results of this topic are summarized. Keywords: Chinese History, Chinese Phonological History, Dialect Phonology, Qing Dynasty, Northeast Dialect, Rhyme Book, Asahi Chinese Textbook AbstractIn recent years, Chinese dialect research has become a popular title, besides the fruitful research of traditional dialects as Yue dialect, Wu dialect,Min dialect Kegan dialect,Shangdong dialect and Jin dialect also develope rapidly. Northeast dialect is a important part of North dialect, considering the current research, neither northeast dialect research nor the Northeast dialect voice study developed well, particularly on the research of the northeast dialect phonetics history, the fact can not go with the importance of dialect history and the phonetics history.the research of the northeast dialect voice in Qing dynasty is the important part of the northeast dialect researc. At present,few researches are carried out in a systemic way, and we can not understand the Northeast dialect voice during this period, in part, the fact may influence the understanding of modern Putonghua phonetics system, and the development of “phonetic correction”project in the national language field. Therefore, it is very significant for the research of Northeast dialect pronunciation in Qing dynasty: first, the research may fill the vacancy of Northeast dialect history, secondly,it may provide the basic materials for the revision of Chinese phonetics history; thirdly, it may provide important materials and conclusion for the research of modern Putonghua phonetics and pronunciation correction project; lastly,it may prove the origin of Putonghua basic phonetics system. Therefore,it is necessary to explore this title. But there are also some barriers in such research, such as the multiple peoples in the north, the complex immigrants, the combination of the original minority and the immigrants. In addition, on the approaches, the less link between the current research and verse literature collection, and the less utilization of origin, derivation, character, literature, history, and folk language, and it can employ the new theory and new methods masterly. In recent years, though there are a few scholars engaged in this field, it is far from the systemic research, so it is necessary to make a full research. This essay is mainly based on several books which can reflect northeast dialect as “huangzhong tongyun”,“yinyun fengyuan”, and foreign books as “huayin qimeng yanjie”, “nine guixing”, “zhinayu jiangyi” from Japan and Korea.During the course of research, it mainly relies on the phonetic characters in ancient works, utilizes the Korean, Japanese literature as assistance; to make a point from the former, to testify and develop by the following. The essay explores the several characters of Chinese dialect phonetic system in Qing dynasty from every aspects, and make sound statements and explanations about the formation, development and the influence on the following phonetics of these charecters. Based on the real facts, the essay aims at a scientific consideration and investigation on the current phonetic material, enlarges the span of phonetic research, and explores the value of dialect verse. The essay is divided into seven chapters. Chapter One: Introduction.In this section, the essay mainly covers the condition of Northeast dialect phonetics in one hundred years, according to the statistic,, and considering the numbers, the depth and span of the research, the research of the Northeast dialect in one hundred years briefly focused on the vocabulary and grammar, and did not reveal the history of Northeast dialect phonetics, and it is same to the Japanese scholars in this field. Based on the previous achievements and correct conclusion and methods, and also the new problems and unsolved issues, the essay explores the phonetic system of Chinese dialect in the north in Qing dynasty, makes up the key element of phonetic history, and finds an important resource of Putonghua phonetic system. Chapter Two: Administration, population and language in the north in Qing Dynasty . In this section, the essay makes a survey about the geography and administrative restrictions in the north that period as Fengtian General, Jilin General, Heilongjiang General, and Mongolian reign. And then classifies the north region in Qing Dynasty.Based on this point, the essay explores the connection between northern administration in Qing Dynasty and that nowadays. It makes clear about the population and living conditions in this area after liaojin period by literature and immigrant history, briefly focuses on the immigration, exile of Han people, the origin from and the arrival time, and explores the language contact among different peoples (examples of the influence of language contact). The essay also makes a survey about the origin of“guanzhang” and its influence on the phonetic system in the north.and flowing people, immigrants, exiles influence on the formation of northeast dialect phonetics.the essay reveals that a large number of people speaking northeast dialect came into Beijing with the invasion of Qing, they carried northeast dialect to Beijin, after living Beijing for a period of tiem, some of them left for the north for no business there, and the opportunity appeared that north dialect could make a contact with Beijing dialect, after removing from Beijing, most of them settled in heilongjian province and jilin province, so Chinese dialect in these two provinces is quite similar to Beijing dialect. So it is obvious that northeast dialect phonetic system is one important resource of Putonghua phonetic syste. And then the essay explores Chinese phonetic system in Qing Dynast.And states the main characters of northeast dialect phonetic system in Qing Dynasty by the contrast of phonetics of “qieyun” and “ zhongyuan yinyun”, for instance, the essay makes a investigation on the simplicity of consonant, vowel, and tune. Chapter Three: “Huangzhong tongyun” concerns with study on phonological system and northeast regional tones. First it briefly introduces the general idea of “huangzhong tongyun” and arranges predecessors' study fruit. Secondly it concludes and induces the phonological system of “huangzhong tongyun” from three aspects: initial consonants, vowels and tone. Furthermore, it takes deeply explore on some important phonological phenomenon that prepares important materials for study on northeast regional phonology in Qing dynasty. In terms of initial consonants, it induces initial consonants' systems and takes deeply explore on dental sibilants. In terms of vowels, it concludes and induces all phonetic types that every phonetic part involved and what relationships among the origin, spread and development of every phonetic types. In terms of tone, it investigates tone system of this book and explores the relationship between the tone attributes of the book and northeast regional tone types. What this book reflects on phonological phenomenon has established the foundation for further explore on many a character of northeast regional phonological systems in Qing dynasty. Chapter Four: “Yinyun fengyuan” voice system and the sound test of north-east China.First "yinyun fengyuan" and its research are briefly introduced, its voice system is summed up from the three aspects of the initial consonant, vowel, and tone, and some of the important phenomena are discussed in detail . In the case of consonants, its system is summarized as a total of 21; of vowels, the detailed analysis is completed on the basis of each rhyme contained in category and type of the source of rhyme, the evolution of division and its development ;of tones, from the split between yin and yang cloud on returning into the camp on three aspects of four tones, the tone of “yinyun fengyuan” is discussed. On the basis of this, the relationship between “yinyun fengyuan”voice system and the northeast sound in the Qing Dynasty is analysed. At the same time, combined with the situation of the voice "huangzhong tongyun"reflected, the features of voice in north-east dialect in the Qing Dynasty are refined. Chapter Five: Speech System in Mukden Annals and the Textual Research on Northeast Dialect.The paper verifies the dialectical speech features reflected in the initial consonants, final sounds, tone system, spoken language, popular words, dialect phonetic features in the late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China in the two parts of Etiquette and Dialectal Accent in this historical book. Then the relevant researches on the some speech features in the Northeast Dialect during that period will be discovered with great effort in order to render this research persistent chronically. Chapter Six: The theory between four phonemes of Korean literature and northeast dialect in Qing dynasty. As a result of history, geography, overland transportation, trade communication, custom, emigration and so forth, the phoneme system of Korean conversation materials is quite close to northeast dialect, moreover, in Korean minimal pairs, phonetic transcription is more intuitionistic and clearer than traditional Chinese rhyme which is full of complex terms. Therefore, Korean minimal pair's literature has an effect on clarifying phonetic characteristics, testifying their conclusions. In addition, Korean minimal pair's literature not only makes up the lost latter-day phonetic files at home, but also provides a better proof for Chinese phonetic history.“ huayu qimeng yanjie” and “nine guixing” are fantastic phonetic materials of studying northeast dialect in Qing dynasty, based on northeast formal language and some characteristics of Beijing formal language. This chapter studies these Korean phonetics through both books above all, such as disappearance of V, devocalization from vocalization, no initial from initial R, confusion of Level and Oblique Tones, checked tone, disappearance of [-m] coda in northeast dialect, final with ER and no tone, and discusses the relationship between them and testify the characteristics of northeast dialect's phonetic system in Qing dynasty further. Chapter Seven: The between two phonemes of Japanese literature and northeast dialect in Qing dynasty. Based on the study of Research on “zhinayu jiangyi”and “manzhou tuyu yanjiu”, two Japanese books which explore the north-east dialect during the periods of the beginning and the middle of the 20th century, this thesis analyzes, organizes and summaries the phonetic phenomenon embodied in the corpus of phonetic notes of the two works mentioned above. The findings from the comparison between the phonetic features of the two books and the phonology of the north-east dialect during the early Qing Dynasty throws much light on the historical evolution of the phonetic system of the north-east dialect in the past 200 years from the early Qing Dynasty till today. That Japanese is over Chinese in recording the sound symbols can reflect the evolution in a more direct way. Conclusion: The author reviews what he has discovered and summaries what he has mainly achieved. Key Words：the History of Chinese, History of Chinese Phonology, Phonetic System of Dialect, Qing Dynasty, Rhyme Book and Rhyme Diagram, the Chinese Textbook in Japan and Korea.（AI翻译）