副词是虚词中数量最多的一个词类，也是内部最不均衡、个性强于共性的一个词类，因此一直是语法学界研究的热点。本书选取清代中叶著名长篇白话小说《绿野仙踪》为语料来源，研究该著作的副词系统。将《绿野仙踪》中的副词分为程度副词、范围副词、语气副词、关联副词、否定副词、时间副词、频率副词、情状方式副词八个次类，对每类副词进行了细致、深入的描写。在对《绿野仙踪》副词全面描写分析的基础上进行横向比较和纵向比较：横向比较方面，与同时代的《儒林外史》《红楼梦》《儿女英雄传》三部白话著作进行对比，这种比较有助于深入认识《绿野仙踪》副词的特点，同时也有助于认识清代副词的特点；纵向比较方面，与宋元明副词和现代汉语副词进行对比，采取重点副词重点分析的方法，将使用频率高、意义和用法发生变化大的副词进行专门对比，探求这些副词的发展变化特点，并解释其变化的原因。

本书在深入分析和考查的基础上认为：由于受到作者语言风格和所操方言的影响，《绿野仙踪》中的副词与同时代的《儒林外史》等三部白话著作中的副词在使用频率、意义及用法上存在差异。《绿野仙踪》副词系统总体稳固，发展到现代汉语中有些副词在使用频率、所表意义和组合能力等方面发生了变化。本书主要内容分为以下五个部分：

第一部分，绪论。重点介绍本书的研究对象、研究现状、研究意义，以及研究的基本思路和所运用的研究方法。

第二部分，《绿野仙踪》副词的分类研究。将《绿野仙踪》中的副词分为程度、语气、范围、时间等八个次类，从使用频率、意义、组合能力、句法功能等方面对每个次类中的副词进行细致描写，展现《绿野仙踪》副词的基本面貌和特点。

第三部分，《绿野仙踪》副词的横向比较。将《绿野仙踪》中的副词与同时代的《儒林外史》《红楼梦》《儿女英雄传》中的副词进行横向对比。通过对比能更深入地认识《绿野仙踪》副词的特点，同时也有助于认识清代副词的特点。对使用频率高、用法差异大的副词进行重点研究，认为副词使用上的差异主要是由作者的语言风格造成的，同时还受到作者所操方言的影响。

第四部分，《绿野仙踪》副词的纵向比较。纵向比较部分，选取《绿野仙踪》中一些常用副词，分别与宋元明时期和现代汉语中的副词进行个案比较，探求这些副词的历时发展特点和变化规律。

第五部分，结论。综合上述研究，总结《绿野仙踪》副词的主要特点，双音节副词占优势，单纯副词的用法丰富，使用频率较高。通过横向对比发现，《绿野仙踪》副词整体上与其他著作差异不大，但受作者语言风格和所持方言的影响，某些副词的意义和用法也会不同。与宋元明时期副词相比，《绿野仙踪》中的副词既表现出继承性，又有较明显的发展变化；在现代汉语中呈现出简化、规范的趋势。与现代汉语相比，汉语副词系统总体具有稳固性，但副词的形式更加规范，表达趋于准确，同时形成了一些常用的固定格式。

关键词：《绿野仙踪》；副词；横向比较；纵向比较

Abstract

Adverbs enjoy the largest quantity as a category of the function word,yet they are internally disproportioned,with individualities overpassing their commonalities.Therefore,they have always been a hot research topic.This dissertation studies the adverbs in A Wizard Journey to the Immortal（Lüye Xianzong）,a famous vernacular novel in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.It firstly divides the adverbs in the novel into eight subcategories,namely,adverbs of degree,adverbs of scope,adverbs of modality,adverbs of conjunction,adverbs of negation,adverbs of time,adverbs of time,adverbs of frequency and adverb of manner.It then gives a detailed and in-depth description of these adverbs.Based on these studies,it makes a horizontal and longitudinal comparison.Horizontally,it compares A Wizard Journey to the Immortal with three other contemporary vernacular novels,The Scholars（Rulin Waishi）,The Dream of the Red Chamber（Honglou Meng）and The Gallant Maid（Ernü Yingxiong Zhuan）.This comparison deepens our understanding of the adverbs in this novel as well as the adverbs during the Qing Dynasty.Longitudinally,it compares the adverbs in the Qing Dynasty with those in the Song,the Yuan and the Ming dynasties and with those in modern Chinese.Methodologically,it focuses on some major adverbs with dramatical changes in their use of frequency,meaning and usage,with an aim to explore their routes and characteristics when undergoing changing and to provide an explanation to their changes.

On the basis of the in-depth analysis and examination,it is held that due to the influence of the whiter's writing style and mother tongue,the adverbs in A Wizard Journey to the Immortal differ from those contemporary vernacular novels in terms of use of frequency,meaning and usage.In general,they display substantial stability,and some undergo changes in terms of frequency of use,meaning and lexical combination compared with modern Chinese.This dissertation can be divided into the following five chapters：

Chapter One is introduction.It introduces the research subject,reviews the previous research and presents the significance,methods and methodology in this dissertation.

Chapter Two is the classification of the adverbs in A Wizard Journey to the Immortal.It classifies the adverbs into eight subcategories in terms of degree,modality,scope,time and so on.A detailed and in-depth description is given to each subcategory regarding to their frequency of use,meaning,lexical combination and syntactic function so as to outline the fundamental features and characters of the adverbs.

Chapter Three is a horizontal comparison of the adverbs in A Wizard Journey to the Immortal with those of three other contemporary vernacular novels.This comparison deepens our understanding of the adverbs in A Wizard Journey to the Immortal as well as adverbs in the Qing Dynasty.It focuses its study on the adverbs showing great differences in frequency of use and usage.It proposes that the differences can be explained by the influence of the writer's writing style and his mother tongue.

Chapter Four is the longitudinal comparison of the adverbs in A Wizard Journey to the Immortal with those in the Song,the Yuan and the Ming dynasties as well as in modern Chinese,with the aim to explore the chronological development features and the law of changing.

Chapter Five is the conclusion.The main feature of the adverbs in A Wizard Journey to the Immortal is that the disyllabic adverbs predominate the whole adverb system while the monosyllabic adverbs display a higher frequency of use and richer meanings.The horizontal comparison shows that the adverbs in A Wizard Journey to the Immortal do not differ substantially from those in the other three contemporary novels.Some are different in meaning and usage as a result of the influence of the writer's writing style and mother tongue.The longitudinal comparison indicates that the changes of adverbs displays continuity,succession and chronological inheritance.When it comes to modern Chinese,adverbs have a tendency of becoming more simplified and specified.Modern Chinese adverb system are more stable and accurate,at the same time,have some fixed collocation patterns.

Key Words: A Wizard Journey to the Immortal; adverbs; a horizontal comparison; longitudinal comparison