当代中国的发展方式转型，指从传统发展方式转向科学发展方式。具体而言，发展方式转型就是发展方式类型的转变或转换，是发展方式的质的变化，是从一种发展方式向另一种发展方式的飞跃。例如从粗放型发展转向集约型发展、从外延式发展转向内涵式发展、从要素投入型发展转向创新驱动型发展、从政府主导型发展转向市场主导型发展、从投资拉动型发展转向消费拉动型发展、从外需拉动型发展转向内需拉动型发展、从“黑色发展”转向绿色发展、从高碳发展转向低碳发展、从单向度的发展转向综合性的发展、从效率优先型的发展转向效率公平双赢型发展。综合起来看，当代中国发展方式转型就是从传统发展方式向科学发展方式的转变和飞跃。

本书采取哲学与具体学科结合的方法，深入地、具体地探讨了发展方式转型规律与途径，以帮助增强我国发展方式转型的科学性、规律性和实效性。具体而言，本书从利益、矛盾、主体性三种视野揭示发展方式转型的规律，探讨转型途径，这是由发展方式转型的系统性和复杂性决定的，避免了单一视野的局限性。同时，本书深入分析了我国发展方式转型的过程与前景。而且，通过对发展方式转型问题的研究，本书丰富、深化、具体化唯物辩证法有关理论和唯物史观社会发展理论。

一 利益视野下的转型规律与途径研究

1.运用唯物史观深入揭示了发展方式转型与利益格局调整之间的内在关联。发展方式转型与利益格局调整之间具有内在的、本质的联系，因此，转变发展方式必须调整和优化利益格局，具体来说，发展方式转型就是要打破和改变既有的与传统发展方式相适应的利益格局，构建与科学发展方式相适应的新利益格局。这种利益格局的调整是十分艰难的，要认识和遵循调整利益格局的规律，探索有效的调整利益格局的途径。

2.分析了博弈论的实质和哲学蕴含及其对深入揭示人类社会发展规律的重要启示，运用博弈论具体而深入地分析了如何有效地实现利益格局的调整，要努力创造和利用共赢博弈促进利益格局转换；为了解决转型措施实际效果欠佳的问题，要积极推动有利于发展方式转型的纳什均衡的形成。

3.深入揭示了市场、资本与发展方式转型的联系，提出了利用资本和市场促进发展方式转型的措施。市场和资本的逻辑本质上是利益逻辑，市场机制的本质是利益机制，就是说，市场机制、市场逻辑和资本逻辑都是利用经济活动主体追求利益最大化的行为逻辑和行为取向，因势利导，促进社会经济发展，从而为社会经济发展提供无尽的源泉和动力。同理，发展方式转型也需要因势利导，充分利用市场逻辑和资本逻辑，为转型提供强大的动力，促进转型的实现。本书具体研究了如何利用市场逻辑促进发展方式转型的问题，提出利用供求机制、价格机制、竞争机制、明晰产权、创设环境产权等方式促进发展方式转型。

经济增长离不开资本的推动力，但如果采用传统的发展方式就可以谋利，甚至更多地谋利，那么资本一定会采取传统发展方式实现扩张，并放大其负效应；反之，如果制度安排和文化环境使得传统发展方式难以谋利，使得科学发展方式易于谋利，则资本就会按照科学发展方式的要求去创造社会财富和发展经济，并放大科学发展方式的正效应。因此，关键是要构建和完善让资本通过节约资源、保护环境、创新驱动等科学方式获利的制度环境和文化环境。本书具体研究了如何利用资本逻辑促进发展方式转型的问题，研究提出了促进资源资本化、保持金融资本健康发展、促进人力资本发展、促进知识商品化和资本化等促进发展方式转型的措施。

4.揭示了个体理性和集体理性对于利益格局调整和发展方式转型的作用。辩证吸取西方经济学理性观——即利益最大化理性观的合理因素，扬弃其不合理因素，从个体理性与集体理性相互关系的独特视角，深入揭示两种理性与发展方式转型的内在关联。本质地看，国际、国内理论和实践的主流倾向，是利用个体理性逻辑促进利益格局调整和发展方式转型，而集体理性的逻辑往往被排斥。我们纠正了这种偏误，一方面，肯定了个体理性的作用，要因势利导，运用个体理性逻辑促进利益格局优化和发展方式转型；另一方面，揭示个体理性的缺陷，提出了运用集体理性弥补和超越个体理性的缺陷，以促进发展方式转型的见解。我们认为：市场经济的微观基础就是要充分肯定和发挥个体理性的作用；而社会主义又具有集体理性的优势，要从发挥集体理性的作用以克服个体理性缺陷的高度，认识公有制经济、保持和发扬中国共产党宗旨和优良传统的重大意义。

二 矛盾视野下的转型规律与途径研究

1.从“破”与“立”相互关系的视角看，发展方式转型就是传统发展方式的“破”与科学发展方式的“立”；但要走出“破”与“立”关系的传统认识误区：把“破”绝对化，只强调“破中有立”和“不破不立”，而忽视了“立中有破”和“不立不破”。发展方式转型要采取“破”“立”结合，以“立”为主、以“立”促“破”的转型思路。这种转型思路和途径有助于减少发展方式转型带来的震荡、减小新旧发展方式的摩擦力、减小发展方式转型阻力、降低发展方式转型的代价，从而有利于促进发展方式转型的顺利进行、增强发展方式转型的实效性。

2.吸收汤因比“挑战—应战理论”的合理因素，丰富和深化唯物辩证法“矛盾—发展理论”和唯物史观人类社会发展理论：挑战—应战的矛盾运动是人类社会发展的动力；虽然矛盾是事物发展的根本动力，没有矛盾就没有发展，但是如果矛盾没有解决或无法解决，也不能实现发展，只有解决了矛盾才能推动事物的发展，推动事物发展就是解决矛盾；对于人类社会来说，如果挑战过度就会扼杀人类应战的能力，从而失去解决矛盾的能力，矛盾无法解决，事物就停滞不前甚至衰退。发展方式转型也是如此，没有挑战就没有转型的动力，但挑战过大，也无助于转型。本书具体分析了如何运用“挑战—应战理论”促进发展方式转型的问题。

3.“摸着石头过河”与“顶层设计”这两种发展转型实践模式有明显的差别，甚至是相反的，它们之间的对立性是明显的。但如果将它们僵硬地对立起来，无助于优化实践模式。“相反相成”、对立统一，正确的做法是：“摸着石头过河”和“顶层设计”不能互相否定或互相替代，而是要始终保持二者的张力，在此前提下积极谋求将二者统一起来。这才是发展转型的有效方式。

4.提出新矛盾观。首先提出矛盾分类的新方法，把矛盾分为同一性为主的矛盾和对立性为主的矛盾；不同性质的矛盾解决的方式也不同；发展就是解决矛盾，从而不同的解决矛盾方式形成不同的发展方式——和谐发展方式和对抗发展方式。前者符合当代人类发展的趋势，即充分发挥矛盾同一性的作用，以合作共赢的方式促进发展。

5.在新矛盾观指导下，形成破解经济增长与环境保护二律背反的思路和对策。发展经济和保护环境都有其合理性，尤其是后发地区的迫切要求，但二者往往相互冲突，从而构成了经济增长与环境保护的二律背反。这是当代人类，尤其是落后地区面临的严重困境。这种二律背反在渝东北地区表现得尤为突出。走出这一困境的正确选择是实现经济增长与环境保护的双赢，这已经成为大多数人的共识。但是，在实际的发展实践中，尤其欠发达地区的发展实践中，增长导致环境污染的现象仍然比较严重。其中一个症结在于，没有真正找到破解增长与环保二律背反、实现两者双赢的科学思路和可行路径。本书以新矛盾观为指导，提出科学合理的思路，以渝东北地区为样本，借用经济学工具，在深入调查研究的基础上，提出了渝东北地区破解二律背反、实现经济增长与环境保护双赢的思路和方案。

三 主体性视野下的转型规律与途径研究

1.根据历史唯物主义，人民群众主体性的发挥是经济社会发展的源头活水，发展方式转型要充分调动广大人民群众的主体性。如何调动呢？我们研究提出，发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用的本质是发挥人民群众在经济社会发展中的主体性作用，是新时期贯彻马克思主义人民主体论和群众路线的新方式。发展方式转型如何贯彻人民主体论和群众路线呢？方法是发挥市场在转型过程中的决定性作用。政府的必要作用就是为市场发挥作用或为人民群众发挥主体性作用提供服务。“大众创业、万众创新”的举措是符合马克思主义人民主体论的发展转型措施。

2.提出了唯物史观的个人主体视野问题，揭示了个人主体生成发展与人类社会发展的内在关联，凸显了个人主体性对于人类发展、包括发展方式转型的重大意义。其具体逻辑是：首先，在唯物史观个人主体视野的启发下，揭示了个人主体性的发挥、独立人格的形成对于创新驱动发展的重大意义，没有个人主体性和独立人格，就没有创新活动，也就无法形成创新驱动的发展方式。其次，主要从教育文化、教育理念和教育体制等方面揭示压抑个人主体性和独立人格的严峻现实，主张革新教育文化、教育理念和教育体制，促进中国人个人主体性的发挥和独立人格的形成，这是转变发展方式、形成创新驱动发展的治本之策。

四 发展方式转型的客观过程与前景分析

对发展方式转型问题上的非历史主义观点进行了深刻的批判；梳理了经济学对经济发展阶段的划分，及不同阶段客观上对应的发展方式；对经济学发展阶段论和发展方式阶段论进行了哲学提升。

根据唯物辩证法，事物的变化发展是一个从量变到质变的过程。但是，这一观点需要完善，实际情形是这样的：在量变和质变的中间存在若干部分质变，经过多个部分质变的积累之后，事物才发生完全质变或者说根本变化。经济学研究材料证明，发展方式转型也存在一个由量变到质变的过程，但是期间存在若干部分质变，就是说，发展方式转型的过程是：一个“量变→部分质变→质变”的过程。

在上述哲学方法和经济学研究相结合之下，提出了发展方式转型过程的四阶段论——第一阶段，传统发展方式占主导地位；第二阶段，科学发展方式逐步成长、但传统发展方式仍处于优势地位；第三阶段，发展方式转型的相持阶段；第四阶段，科学发展方式取得决定性胜利。

本书对我国发展方式转型的前景做了乐观的估计。乐观主要缘于两点：

第一，在我国，发展方式转型的规律性与主体性日益实现有机结合。我们对发展方式转型的规律性认识和把握日益深化；执政党的坚强领导和有效组织动员，实现中国梦的强大感召力等，保证了我国发展转型的乐观前景。

第二，对掣肘发展方式转型的利益格局的调整有充分信心。这一信心不仅缘于党和政府巨大的勇气和高超的智慧；更缘于我们的制度自信，中国共产党的领导和其他社会主义基本制度，有利于用集体理性弥补和超越现代性和市场经济的个体理性逻辑，从而比其他国家更能有效调整和优化利益格局，更有利于构建与科学发展方式相适应的利益格局。

The transformation of the development mode in contemporary China refers to the shift from traditional development mode to scientific development mode. Specifically, the transformation of development mode is the transformation or transformation of the type of development mode, the qualitative change of development mode, and the leap from one development mode to another. For example, from extensive development to intensive development, from extension development to connotative development, from factor input development to innovation-driven development, from government-led development to market-led development, from investment-led development to consumption-led development, from external demand-driven development to domestic demand-driven development, from "black development" to green development, from high-carbon development to low-carbon development, from one-way development to comprehensive development, from efficiency-oriented development to efficiency-oriented and fair win-win development. Taken together, the transformation of contemporary China's development mode is the transformation and leap from traditional development mode to scientific development mode. This book adopts the method of combining philosophy and specific disciplines, and deeply and specifically discusses the laws and ways of development mode transformation, so as to help enhance the scientificity, regularity and effectiveness of China's development mode transformation. Specifically, this book reveals the law of development mode transformation from the three perspectives of interests, contradictions and subjectivity, and discusses the transformation path, which is determined by the systematization and complexity of development mode transformation, and avoids the limitations of a single vision. At the same time, this book provides an in-depth analysis of the process and prospects of China's development mode transformation. Moreover, through the study of the transformation of development mode, this book enriches, deepens, and concretizes the relevant theories of materialist dialectics and the social development theory of materialist historical view. I. Research on the Law and Approach of Transformation from the Perspective of Interests 1. Using the materialist view of history, it deeply reveals the intrinsic relationship between the transformation of development mode and the adjustment of interest pattern. There is an intrinsic and essential relationship between the transformation of development mode and the adjustment of interest pattern, therefore, to change the development mode must adjust and optimize the interest pattern, specifically, the transformation of development mode is to break and change the existing interest pattern that is compatible with the traditional development mode and build a new interest pattern that is compatible with the scientific development mode. It is necessary to understand and follow the law of adjusting the pattern of interests and explore effective ways to adjust the pattern of interests. 2. The essence and philosophical implications of game theory and its important enlightenment to deeply reveal the law of human social development are analyzed, and the game theory is used to specifically and deeply analyze how to effectively realize the adjustment of the interest pattern, and strive to create and use win-win games to promote the transformation of the interest pattern; In order to solve the problem of poor practical results of transformation measures, it is necessary to actively promote the formation of a Nash equilibrium that is conducive to the transformation of development methods. 3. It deeply reveals the connection between the market, capital and the transformation of development mode, and puts forward measures to use capital and market to promote the transformation of development mode. The logic of the market and capital is essentially the logic of interests, and the essence of the market mechanism is the interest mechanism, that is, the market mechanism, market logic and capital logic are all the behavioral logic and behavior orientation of the main body of economic activities to pursue the maximization of interests, and promote social and economic development according to the situation, thereby providing an endless source and driving force for social and economic development. Similarly, the transformation of development mode also needs to be guided by the situation, make full use of market logic and capital logic, provide strong impetus for transformation, and promote the realization of transformation. This book specifically studies how to use market logic to promote the transformation of development mode, and proposes to use supply and demand mechanism, price mechanism, competition mechanism, clear property rights, and environmental property rights to promote the transformation of development mode. Economic growth is inseparable from the driving force of capital, but if the traditional development method can be used to make profits, or even more profit, then capital will definitely adopt the traditional development method to achieve expansion and amplify its negative effects; On the contrary, if the institutional arrangement and cultural environment make it difficult for the traditional development mode to make profits and make it easy for the scientific development mode to make profits, capital will create social wealth and develop the economy in accordance with the requirements of the scientific development mode, and amplify the positive effect of the scientific development mode. Therefore, the key is to build and improve the institutional and cultural environment that allows capital to profit through scientific methods such as resource conservation, environmental protection, and innovation-driven. This book specifically studies how to use the logic of capital to promote the transformation of development mode, and puts forward measures to promote the transformation of development mode, such as promoting the capitalization of resources, maintaining the healthy development of financial capital, promoting the development of human capital, and promoting the commercialization and capitalization of knowledge. 4. It reveals the role of individual rationality and collective rationality in the adjustment of interest patterns and the transformation of development methods. The dialectic draws on the rational factors of the rational view of Western economics, that is, the rational view of profit maximization, discards its irrational factors, and deeply reveals the intrinsic relationship between the two rationalities and the transformation of development methods from the unique perspective of the relationship between individual rationality and collective rationality. In essence, the mainstream tendency of international and domestic theory and practice is to use individual rational logic to promote the adjustment of interest pattern and the transformation of development mode, while the logic of collective rationality is often excluded. We have corrected this bias, on the one hand, we affirm the role of individual rationality, and use the logic of individual rationality to promote the optimization of the pattern of interests and the transformation of the development mode; On the other hand, it reveals the shortcomings of individual rationality, and puts forward the insights of using collective rationality to make up for and surpass the shortcomings of individual rationality to promote the transformation of development mode. We believe that the micro foundation of the market economy is to fully affirm and give play to the role of individual rationality; Socialism has the advantage of collective rationality, and it is necessary to understand the great significance of the public ownership economy and maintaining and carrying forward the purpose and fine traditions of the Communist Party of China from the perspective of giving play to the role of collective rationality to overcome the shortcomings of individual rationality. II. Research on the Law and Approach of Transformation from the Perspective of Contradiction 1. From the perspective of the relationship between "breaking" and "standing", the transformation of development mode is the "breaking" of traditional development mode and the "establishment" of scientific development mode; However, it is necessary to get rid of the traditional misunderstanding of the relationship between "breaking" and "standing": absolutize "breaking", only emphasizing "standing in the break" and "not breaking and not standing", while ignoring "breaking in the standing" and "not standing and not breaking". The transformation of development mode should adopt the combination of "breaking" and "standing", focusing on "standing" and promoting "breaking" with "standing". This kind of transformation ideas and approaches can help reduce the shock caused by the transformation of development mode, reduce the friction between the old and new development modes, reduce the resistance of development mode transformation, and reduce the cost of development mode transformation, so as to promote the smooth progress of development mode transformation and enhance the effectiveness of development mode transformation. 2. Absorb the reasonable factors of Toynbee's "challenge-response theory", enrich and deepen the materialist dialectic "contradiction-development theory" and the materialist historical view of human social development theory: the challenge-response contradictory movement is the driving force of human social development; Although contradiction is the fundamental driving force for the development of things, there is no development without contradiction, but if the contradiction is not solved or cannot be solved, development cannot be achieved, only by solving the contradiction can we promote the development of things, and promoting the development of things is to solve contradictions; For human society, if the challenge is excessive, it will stifle the ability of human beings to fight, thereby losing the ability to solve contradictions, and if contradictions cannot be resolved, things will stagnate or even decline. The same is true of the transformation of development methods, without challenges, there is no motivation for transformation, but too many challenges will not help transformation. This book specifically analyzes how to use the "challenge-response theory" to promote the transformation of development methods. 3. There are obvious differences between the two development and transformation practice modes of "crossing the river by feeling the stones" and "top-level design", or even the opposite, and the opposition between them is obvious. But if they are rigidly opposed, it will not help optimize the practice model. The correct approach is to "cross the river by feeling the stones" and "top-level design" not to deny or replace each other, but to always maintain the tension between the two, and actively seek to unify the two under this premise. This is an effective way to develop transformation. 4. Put forward a new view of contradiction. Firstly, a new method of classification of contradictions is proposed, which divides contradictions into contradictions dominated by identity and contradictions dominated by opposites; The way to resolve conflicts of different nature is also different; Development is the resolution of contradictions, so that different ways of resolving contradictions form different development methods - harmonious development mode and confrontational development mode. The former is in line with the trend of contemporary human development, that is, giving full play to the role of contradiction and identity and promoting development through win-win cooperation. 5. Under the guidance of the new concept of contradiction, form ideas and countermeasures to break the contradiction between economic growth and environmental protection. Economic development and environmental protection are reasonable, especially the urgent requirements of late-developing regions, but the two often conflict with each other, thus constituting the opposite of the two laws of economic growth and environmental protection. This is a serious dilemma faced by contemporary mankind, especially backward regions. This kind of dichotomy is particularly prominent in northeast Chongqing. The right choice to get out of this dilemma is to achieve a win-win situation between economic growth and environmental protection, which has become the consensus of most people. However, in actual development practice, especially in the development practice of underdeveloped areas, the phenomenon of environmental pollution caused by growth is still relatively serious. One of the sticking points is that there is no scientific idea and feasible way to solve the contradiction between growth and environmental protection and achieve a win-win situation for both. Guided by the new concept of contradiction, this book puts forward scientific and reasonable ideas, takes the northeast Chongqing region as a sample, borrows economic tools, and puts forward the ideas and plans for breaking the contradiction of the two laws and achieving a win-win situation between economic growth and environmental protection in the northeast Chongqing region on the basis of in-depth investigation and research. III. Research on the Law and Approach of Transformation from the Perspective of Subjectivity 1. According to historical materialism, the exertion of the subjectivity of the masses of the people is the source of economic and social development, and the transformation of the development mode should fully mobilize the subjectivity of the broad masses of the people. How to mobilize it? Our research points out that the essence of giving play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources is to give play to the subjective role of the masses of the people in economic and social development, and is a new way to implement the Marxist people's subjectivity theory and the mass line in the new period. How to implement the people's subjectivity theory and the mass line in the transformation of development mode? The approach is to play a decisive role in the transformation process. The necessary role of the government is to provide services for the market or for the people to play the role of subjectivity. The measure of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" is a development and transformation measure in line with the Marxist people's subjectivity. 2. The issue of the perspective of individual subjectivity from the materialist view of history is proposed, which reveals the intrinsic relationship between the generative development of individual subjects and the development of human society, and highlights the great significance of individual subjectivity to human development, including the transformation of development mode. Its specific logic is: first, inspired by the materialist historical view of individual subjectivity, it reveals the great significance of the exertion of personal subjectivity and the formation of independent personality for innovation-driven development, without personal subjectivity and independent personality, there will be no innovative activities, and it is impossible to form an innovation-driven development mode. Secondly, it mainly reveals the grim reality of suppressing individual subjectivity and independent personality from the aspects of educational culture, educational philosophy and education system, and advocates the innovation of educational culture, educational philosophy and education system, and promotes the development of Chinese individual subjectivity and the formation of independent personality, which is the fundamental policy to transform the development mode and form innovation-driven development. IV. Analysis of the objective process and prospect of the transformation of the development mode provides a profound critique of the non-historicist view of the transformation of the development mode; This paper sorts out the division of economic development stages in economics and the objective corresponding development modes of different stages. The philosophical improvement of the stage theory of economic development and the stage theory of development mode was carried out. According to materialist dialectics, the change and development of things is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. However, this view needs to be improved, and the actual situation is as follows: there are several partial qualitative changes in the middle of quantitative change and qualitative change, and after the accumulation of multiple partial qualitative changes, things undergo complete qualitative change or fundamental change. Economic research materials prove that there is also a process from quantitative change to qualitative change in the transformation of development mode, but there are several partial qualitative changes during this period, that is, the process of transformation of development mode is: a process of "quantitative change→ partial qualitative change → qualitative change". Under the combination of the above philosophical methods and economic research, a four-stage theory of the transformation process of development mode is proposed: in the first stage, the traditional development mode dominates; In the second stage, the scientific development mode is gradually growing, but the traditional development mode is still in a dominant position; The third stage, the stalemate stage of the transformation of the development mode; In the fourth stage, the scientific development method won a decisive victory. This book gives an optimistic estimate of the prospects for the transformation of China's development approach. Optimism is mainly due to two points: First, in China, the regularity and subjectivity of the transformation of development mode are increasingly organically combined. Our understanding and grasp of the regularity of the transformation of development mode is deepening day by day; The strong leadership and effective organization and mobilization of the ruling party, as well as the strong appeal to realize the Chinese dream, have ensured the optimistic prospects of China's development and transformation. Second, we have full confidence in the adjustment of the pattern of interests that hinder the transformation of the development mode. This confidence is not only due to the great courage and superb wisdom of the Party and the government; More because of our institutional self-confidence, the leadership of the Communist Party of China and other basic socialist systems are conducive to using collective rationality to make up for and surpass the individual rational logic of modernity and market economy, so as to effectively adjust and optimize the pattern of interests more effectively than other countries, and more conducive to building a pattern of interests that is compatible with the scientific development mode.（AI翻译）