20世纪30年代，著名马克思主义哲学家艾思奇（1910—1966年）写过一部脍炙人口的《大众哲学》（最初书名为《哲学讲话》）。该书紧扣时代脉搏，密切联系中国实际，将马克思主义哲学的基本道理以生动活泼的形式，深入浅出的笔法，贴近大众的语言，通俗而生动地表达出来了。《大众哲学》像一盏明灯，启蒙了成千上万的人们走上中国共产党领导的革命道路。

光阴如梭，《大众哲学》问世迄今已逾八十年。八十年在人类历史上只是短暂的一瞬，但生活在这个时代的人们却经历着沧桑巨变！人们能够真切地感受到，科学技术发展一日千里，全球化、信息化浪潮汹涌澎湃，工人阶级和社会主义运动势不可当，当代资本主义内在矛盾激化演变，中国特色社会主义实践日新月异，人们的生活“每天都是新的”。历史时代和社会实践的显著变化，呼唤新的哲学思考。以当年“大众哲学”的方式对现实作出世界观方法论的解答，写出适应时代的“新大众哲学”，既是艾思奇生前未竟的夙愿，更是实践的新需要、人民的新期待、党和国家的新要求。

今天编写《新大众哲学》，要力图准确判断和反映时代的新变化，进行新的哲学的分析。纵观人类历史发展的总体进程，我们的时代是资本主义逐步走向灭亡、社会主义逐步走向胜利的历史时代。尽管马克思主义经典作家早就敲响了资本主义的丧钟，但旧制度的寿终正寝却是一个漫长的历史过程。试看当今世界，通过工人阶级和劳动大众的持续抗争，资本主义不再那么明火执仗、赤裸裸地掠夺，而是进行生产关系与上层建筑体制的局部调整，运用“巧实力”或金融手段实施统治。资本主义不仅没有马上“死亡”，反而表现出一定的活力，然而其不可克服的内在矛盾导致的衰退趋势却是不可逆转的；苏东剧变之后，尽管国际共产主义运动陷入低潮，但社会主义中国则以改革开放为主旋律蓬勃兴起，中国特色社会主义的成功开拓，推动共产主义运动走出低谷。资本主义与社会主义的竞争、较量、博弈正以一种新的形式全面展开。时代的阶段主题由“战争与革命”转向“和平与发展”，但马克思主义经典作家所揭示的整个时代的基本矛盾并没有改变，人类历史的新的社会形态终将代替旧的社会形态的历史总趋势并没有改变，引领时代潮流的时代精神——马克思主义世界观方法论并没有过时。马克思主义哲学是社会实践的理性概括。作为科学社会主义理论基础的马克思主义哲学，需要重新审视资本主义和社会主义及其关系，给大众提供认识社会历史进程和人类前途命运的新视野。《新大众哲学》要准确把握时代变化的实质，引领大众进行新的哲学认知。

编写《新大众哲学》，要力图科学思考和回答科技创新和生产力发展的新问题，赋予新的哲学的概括。科学技术已经成为“第一生产力”，全面、深刻地塑造着整个世界。全球化、信息化、市场化，高新科技的发展和应用，令世界的面貌日新月异。现代资本主义几十年所创造的生产力，远远超过了资本主义几百年，甚至人类社会成千上万年生产力的总和。社会主义中国在与资本主义的竞争中，正在实现赶超式发展。尽管马克思曾经提出“科学技术是生产力”“世界历史理论”等一系列重要思想，但当今的科技创新和生产力发展，包括全球化、信息化、市场化对经济、政治、文化、社会的全方位渗透影响，仍然提出大量有待回答的哲学之问。马克思主义哲学是人类社会生产实践和科学研究实践的思想结晶，需要对社会生产实践和科学发展实践提出的问题给予哲学的新解答。《新大众哲学》要科学总结高新技术和生产力发展提出的新问题，提供从总体上把握问题、解决问题的哲学智慧，进行新的哲学解读。

编写《新大众哲学》，要力图深刻总结中国特色社会主义伟大实践中涌现出的新经验，作出新的哲学的概括。中国特色社会主义是当代中国共产党人从事的一项“全新的事业”。改革已经引起了中国社会的深刻变革、社会结构的深刻变动、利益关系和思想观念的深刻变化，一方面推进了经济社会的飞跃发展，另一方面又带来了新的社会矛盾。马克思主义哲学理应正视人民大众利益需求的重大变化，探索满足人民日益增长的物质和文化需要的有效途径，研究妥善处理复杂的利益矛盾、建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的正确道路。《新大众哲学》在回答重大现实问题的过程中，要对中国道路、中国模式、中国奇迹、中国特色社会主义新鲜经验予以世界观方法论层面的哲学阐释。

编写《新大众哲学》，还要力图回应当代国内外流行的各种哲学社会思潮，给予新的哲学的评判。哲学的发展离不开现成的思想成果，马克思主义哲学是在批判地继承人类一切优秀成果的基础上发展起来的，是在批判非马克思主义、反马克思主义思潮的思想交锋中发展起来的。人们在错综复杂的社会思潮冲击下，常常感到迷惘、困惑，辨不清是非，找不到理想的追求和前行的方向。在这场“思想的盛宴”中，如何“尊重差异，包容多样”，让一切有益于中国特色社会主义建设的思想文化充分涌流；同时，批判错误的哲学思潮，弘扬正确的哲学观，凝聚社会共识，让主流意识形态占领阵地，是马克思主义哲学不容回避的历史任务。《新大众哲学》要在批判一切错误思想、吸取先进思想文明的基础上，担当起升华、创新马克思主义哲学的历史使命。

时代和时代性问题的变化，现实实践斗争的发展，既为马克思主义哲学提供了新的源泉，又不断地对其本身的发展提出急迫的需求。对于急剧变化和诸多问题，马克思主义哲学经典作家没有亲身面对过，更没有专门深入阐述过。任何思想家都不可能超越他们生活的时代，宣布超时代的结论。列宁说：“我们并不苛求马克思或马克思主义者知道走向社会主义的道路上的一切具体情况。这是痴想。我们只知道这条道路的方向，我们只知道引导走这条道路的是什么样的阶级力量；至于在实践中具体如何走，那只能在千百万人开始行动以后由千百万人的经验来表明。”^〔1〕但历史并不会因为理论的发展、理论的待建而停下自己的脚步。现实对马克思主义哲学创新充满期待，人们期待得到马克思主义创新的哲学观念的指导。

《新大众哲学》正是基于高度的使命感和理论自觉，努力高扬党的思想路线的旗帜，坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、求真务实，顺应时代潮流，深入思考和回答时代挑战与大众困惑。《新大众哲学》既不是哲学教科书，刻意追求体系的严密，也不是哲学专著，执着追求逻辑论证与理性推理；而是针对重大现实，以问题为中心，密切关注时代变化和形势发展，注重吸收人类思想新成果，进行哲学提升、理念创新，不拘泥于哲学体系的框架，以讲清哲学真理为准绳。在表达方式上，《新大众哲学》避免纯粹的抽象思辨和教科书式的照本宣科，以通俗化的群众语言来阐述，力求通俗易懂、生动活泼，贴近广大读者的新要求，让马克思主义哲学“讲中国老百姓的话”。

《新大众哲学》立足马克思主义哲学的本真精神，从总论、唯物论、辩证法、认识论、历史观、价值论、人生观七个方面围绕时代问题展开哲学诠释，力求将重大理论与现实问题提升到马克思主义哲学世界观方法论的高度加以分析与阐明，在回答重大理论与现实问题的进程中，力争推进马克思主义哲学的时代化、中国化和大众化。这是历史赋予马克思主义哲学义不容辞的责任，也是《新大众哲学》应当担当的历史重任和奋力实现的目标。或许，在这个信息爆炸、大众兴趣多样化的时代，这套丛书并不能解决大众所有的疑问和困惑，但《新大众哲学》愿与真诚的读者诸君一起求索，一道前行。

以上所述只是《新大众哲学》追求的写作目的，然而，由于《新大众哲学》作者们的水平能力有限，可能难以达到预期。再者，《新大众哲学》分七部分，且独立成篇，必要的重复在所难免。同时，作者们的文字功底不够扎实，文字上亦有不尽完善的地方。故恳请读者们指教，供《新大众哲学》再版时修订。

注释

〔1〕《列宁专题文集 论社会主义》，人民出版社2009年版，第399页。

In the 30s of the 20th century, the famous Marxist philosopher Aischi (1910-1966) wrote a popular "Popular Philosophy" (originally titled "Philosophical Speeches"). The book closely follows the pulse of the times and closely links with China's reality, and expresses the basic principles of Marxist philosophy in a vivid and lively form, in simple and simple brushwork, and in a language close to the public, in a popular and vivid manner. Popular Philosophy was like a beacon that enlightened thousands of people to embark on the revolutionary road led by the Communist Party of China. Fast forward to more than 80 years since the publication of Popular Philosophy. Eighty years is only a short moment in human history, but the people living in this era have experienced great changes! People can truly feel that science and technology are developing with each passing day, the tide of globalization and informationization is surging, the working class and the socialist movement are overwhelming, the internal contradictions of contemporary capitalism are intensifying and evolving, the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics is changing with each passing day, and people's lives are "new every day." Remarkable changes in historical times and social practice call for new philosophical thinking. Making a worldview and methodological solution to reality in the way of the "popular philosophy" of the year, and writing a "new popular philosophy" that suits the times, is not only Aischi's unfulfilled long-cherished wish, but also the new needs of practice, the new expectations of the people, and the new requirements of the party and the country. In compiling "New Popular Philosophy" today, we should strive to accurately judge and reflect the new changes of the times and carry out the analysis of new philosophies. Looking at the overall course of human historical development, our era is a historical era in which capitalism is gradually dying and socialism is gradually moving towards victory. Although the classic writers of Marxism have long sounded the death knell of capitalism, the end of the old system is a long historical process. Looking at today's world, through the continuous struggle of the working class and the working masses, capitalism is no longer so openly engaged in war and naked plunder, but carries out local adjustments in the relations of production and the superstructure system, and uses "smart power" or financial means to rule. Capitalism not only did not "die" immediately, but showed a certain vitality, but the decline caused by its insurmountable internal contradictions was irreversible; After the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, although the international communist movement fell into a low ebb, socialist China flourished with reform and opening up as the main theme, and the successful development of socialism with Chinese characteristics pushed the communist movement out of the trough. The competition, contest and game between capitalism and socialism are unfolding in an all-round way in a new form. The theme of the stage of the era has shifted from "war and revolution" to "peace and development", but the basic contradictions of the entire era revealed by the classic writers of Marxism have not changed, the general historical trend that the new social form of human history will eventually replace the old social form has not changed, and the spirit of the times, the Marxist world outlook methodology, which leads the trend of the times, has not become outdated. Marxist philosophy is a rational generalization of social practice. Marxist philosophy, which is the basis of the theory of scientific socialism, needs to re-examine capitalism and socialism and their relations, and provide the public with a new perspective for understanding the social and historical process and the future and destiny of mankind. "New Popular Philosophy" should accurately grasp the essence of the changes of the times and lead the public to carry out new philosophical understanding. In compiling the "New Popular Philosophy," we should strive to scientifically think about and answer new questions about scientific and technological innovation and the development of productive forces, and give a summary of the new philosophy. Science and technology have become the "primary productive forces", comprehensively and profoundly shaping the whole world. Globalization, informatization, marketization, the development and application of high and new technology have made the world change with each passing day. The productive forces created by modern capitalism in decades far exceed the sum of the productive forces of capitalism for hundreds of years, or even thousands of years of human society. In competition with capitalism, socialist China is developing in a catch-up manner. Although Marx once put forward a series of important ideas such as "science and technology are productive forces" and "world history theory", today's scientific and technological innovation and the development of productive forces, including the all-round penetration and impact of globalization, informationization and marketization on the economy, politics, culture and society, still put forward a large number of philosophical questions to be answered. Marxist philosophy is the ideological crystallization of the practice of production and scientific research in human society, and it is necessary to give new philosophical answers to the questions raised by the practice of social production and scientific development. The "New Popular Philosophy" should scientifically summarize the new issues raised by the development of high technology and productive forces, provide philosophical wisdom to grasp and solve problems on the whole, and carry out new philosophical interpretations. In compiling the "New Popular Philosophy," we should strive to profoundly sum up the new experiences that have emerged in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics and make a new philosophical summary. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a "brand-new undertaking" engaged in by contemporary Chinese communists. Reform has brought about profound changes in Chinese society, social structure, interest relations, and ideological concepts, which on the one hand has promoted rapid economic and social development and brought about new social contradictions on the other. Marxist philosophy should squarely face up to the major changes in the people's interests and needs, explore effective ways to meet the people's growing material and cultural needs, and study the correct path for properly handling complex conflicts of interests and building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious modern socialist country. In the process of answering major practical questions, "New Popular Philosophy" should give a philosophical explanation at the level of world view and methodology on the Chinese road, the Chinese model, the Chinese miracle, and the fresh experience of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In compiling the "New Popular Philosophy", we should also try to respond to various philosophical and social trends popular at home and abroad and give judgment to new philosophies. The development of philosophy is inseparable from ready-made ideological achievements, and Marxist philosophy is developed on the basis of critically inheriting all the excellent achievements of mankind and in the confrontation of ideas that criticize non-Marxist and anti-Marxist trends of thought. Under the impact of complicated social trends, people often feel confused, confused, unable to distinguish right from wrong, and unable to find the ideal pursuit and direction of progress. In this "feast of ideas", how to "respect differences and tolerate diversity", so that all ideas and cultures conducive to the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics can fully flow; At the same time, criticizing erroneous philosophical trends, carrying forward correct philosophical views, condensing social consensus, and allowing mainstream ideology to occupy the position are historical tasks that cannot be avoided by Marxist philosophy. On the basis of criticizing all erroneous ideas and absorbing advanced ideological civilization, the "New Popular Philosophy" should undertake the historical mission of sublimating and innovating Marxist philosophy. The changes in the times and the problems of the times and the development of the struggle in practical practice have not only provided a new source for Marxist philosophy, but have also constantly put forward urgent demands for its own development. For the drastic changes and many problems, the classic writers of Marxist philosophy have not personally faced them, let alone specifically elaborated them in depth. It is impossible for any thinker to go beyond the times in which they live and declare super-anachronistic conclusions. Lenin said: "We do not demand that Marx or Marxists know all the specifics of the road to socialism. This is wishful thinking. We only know the direction of this road, we only know what kind of class forces lead this road; As for how to proceed in practice, that can only be shown by the experience of millions of people after they have begun to act. [1] But history does not stop because of the development of theories and the construction of theories. Reality is full of expectations for Marxist philosophical innovation, and people expect to be guided by the philosophical concept of Marxist innovation. Based on a high sense of mission and theoretical consciousness, the "New Popular Philosophy" strives to hold high the banner of the party's ideological line, persists in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, seeking truth and pragmatism, conforming to the trend of the times, and deeply thinking about and answering the challenges of the times and the confusion of the masses. "New Popular Philosophy" is neither a philosophy textbook, deliberately pursuing the rigor of the system, nor a philosophical monograph, persistently pursuing logical argument and rational reasoning; Instead, in view of major realities, taking problems as the center, paying close attention to the changes of the times and the development of the situation, paying attention to absorbing new achievements of human thought, carrying out philosophical upgrading and concept innovation, not sticking to the framework of the philosophical system, and taking the clarification of philosophical truths as the criterion. In terms of expression, "New Popular Philosophy" avoids pure abstract speculation and textbook-style textbook propaganda, and expounds in popular mass language, striving to be easy to understand, lively and lively, close to the new requirements of the vast number of readers, and let Marxist philosophy "speak the words of the Chinese people." Based on the true spirit of Marxist philosophy, "New Popular Philosophy" carries out philosophical interpretations around the issues of the times from seven aspects: general theory, materialism, dialectics, epistemology, historical view, value theory and outlook on life, and strives to elevate major theoretical and practical issues to the height of Marxist philosophical world outlook methodology for analysis and clarification, and strives to promote the eraization, sinicization and popularization of Marxist philosophy in the process of answering major theoretical and practical problems. This is the unshirkable responsibility entrusted by history to Marxist philosophy, and it is also the historical responsibility that the "New Popular Philosophy" should undertake and strive to achieve. Perhaps, in this era of information explosion and diversified public interests, this series of books cannot solve all the doubts and confusion of the public, but "New Popular Philosophy" is willing to seek and move forward together with sincere readers. The above is only the purpose of writing "New Popular Philosophy", however, due to the limited level and ability of the "New Popular Philosophy" authors, it may be difficult to meet expectations. Moreover, the New Popular Philosophy is divided into seven parts and is written independently, and necessary repetition is inevitable. At the same time, the authors' writing skills are not solid enough, and there are also imperfections in the text. Therefore, I kindly ask readers for their advice and revision when the New Popular Philosophy is reprinted. Notes [1] "Lenin's Essays on Socialism," People's Publishing House, 2009, p. 399.（AI翻译）