改革开放后，我国经济增长迅速。从普遍贫困到持续繁荣、从计划经济到市场经济、从闭关锁国到积极参与全球化，这些都是我国在改革进程中发生的经济大转型。在这些成就的背后，政府扮演着非常重要的角色。但是，相对经济转型，政府转型却缓慢而滞后，并在一些领域成为经济发展的障碍。当前，我国正处于转型关键时期，政府转型滞后导致政府在履行职能时存在许多问题，根本原因在于没有搞清楚政府应该管什么、能管什么，政府规模庞大。因此，有必要对政府规模进行研究，而政府规模和经济增长的关系就是一个值得重点关注的角度。

政府规模对经济增长的影响机制非常复杂，最直接的是通过制定各种政策和控制财政支出来影响经济。本书从财政支出角度来分析政府规模通过影响消费、投资、就业和产业结构等直接影响经济增长，以及通过影响资本、劳动和技术进步等生产要素间接影响经济增长，试图对政府规模影响经济增长的机制进行理论解释。在此基础上，应用我国286个地级市的面板数据，以政府机构工作人员数来反映政府规模，采用系统GMM方法对我国政府规模和经济增长之间的关系进行实证研究，结果表明，当前我国政府规模对经济增长产生了不利影响，政府规模的过度扩张显著地阻碍了经济增长。这一结论在基于陕西经验的STR分析中也得到了验证，因此必须压缩政府规模并保持在合理水平。要保持合理的政府规模，必须基于政府能力和市场能力的均衡关系来有效界定和转变政府职能。十八届三中全会明确了实现国家治理现代化这一总目标，政府职能转变应纳入现代国家治理体系框架内才能得到有效的制度保障。只有实现政府、市场和社会三个治理领域协同互动，才能发挥政府治理的主导作用，最大限度地促进经济增长。

关键词：政府规模 经济增长效应评价 政府职能转变 国家治理体系

Abstract

After the reform and opening up,China has experienced rapid economic growth.Such a significant growth speed caught worldwide attention.From the absolute poverty to continued prosperity,from a planned economy system to a market economy system,from public ownership to private ownership,from seclusion to actively participate in globalization,these are all the economic transformation occurred in China in the reform process,in which governments played a very important role in such a rapid economic growth.But comparing to economic transformation,the government transformation was slow,and in some aspects gradually became an obstacle to economic development.Although large and small institutional reforms were conducted a dozen times,the size of government organizations had not being effectively controlled.Currently,China is in a critical period of transition.But the lagging of government transformation led to its poor performance,such as the excessive government intervention in the market,the absence of governmental supervision and regulation,as well as the dislocation of government functions.The fundamental reason is that it was not sure what the government should control and what the government can control.So the study of the relationship between the government size and economic growth is critical to find an appropriate size of government to optimize the impact of government on economic growth,to maximize the sustainable economic and social development.

Although the mechanism of the impact of government size on economic growth is complicated,the most directly path is by policy making and financial controlling.Therefore,using financial indicator,this paper studied the direct impact of government size through influencing the consumption,investment,employment,and the structure of industries,as well as the indirect impact of government size through influencing capital,labor,and technological improvement,to explain the mechanism of the impact of government size on the economic growth.The panel data of 286 level cities were used to test the impact of government size on the economic growth.In the study,the number of government officers was used to represent government size.The result indicated that over-expansion of government size had negative impact on economic growth,which was also supported by the STR analysis on Shaanxi province.Therefore,it is critical to transform the government function to compress the government size and control it at a reasonable level.In order to achieve this target,it is necessary to define and transform government functions based on the balance between government capability and market capability.The 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China cleared the general target of realizing the modernization of state governance,then the transformation of government function should be put in the the modern state governance system,which is the effective institutional guarantee.And in order to play the leading role of government governance,the synergistic interaction of government,market,and society should be achieved,therefor a responsible,scale limited,efficient service-oriented government will maximize the government function to improve economic growth.

Key Words: Government Size; Evaluation of the Effect of Economic Growth; Government Function Transformation; Modern State Governance System