在胡绳同志倡导和主持下，中国社会科学院组成编委会，从全国每年毕业并通过答辩的社会科学博士论文中遴选优秀者纳入《中国社会科学博士论文文库》，由中国社会科学出版社正式出版，这项工作已持续了12年。这12年所出版的论文，代表了这一时期中国社会科学各学科博士学位论文水平，较好地实现了本文库编辑出版的初衷。

编辑出版博士文库，既是培养社会科学各学科学术带头人的有效举措，又是一种重要的文化积累，很有意义。在到中国社会科学院之前，我就曾饶有兴趣地看过文库中的部分论文，到社科院以后，也一直关注和支持文库的出版。新旧世纪之交，原编委会主任胡绳同志仙逝，社科院希望我主持文库编委会的工作，我同意了。社会科学博士都是青年社会科学研究人员，青年是国家的未来，青年社科学者是我们社会科学的未来，我们有责任支持他们更快地成长。

每一个时代总有属于它们自己的问题，“问题就是时代的声音”（马克思语）。坚持理论联系实际，注意研究带全局性的战略问题，是我们党的优良传统。我希望包括博士在内的青年社会科学工作者继承和发扬这一优良传统，密切关注、深入研究21世纪初中国面临的重大时代问题。离开了时代性，脱离了社会潮流，社会科学研究的价值就要受到影响。我是鼓励青年人成名成家的，这是党的需要，国家的需要，人民的需要。但问题在于，什么是名呢？名，就是他的价值得到了社会的承认。如果没有得到社会、人民的承认，他的价值又表现在哪里呢？所以说，价值就在于对社会重大问题的回答和解决。一旦回答了时代性的重大问题，就必然会对社会产生巨大而深刻的影响，你也因此而实现了你的价值。在这方面年轻的博士有很大的优势：精力旺盛，思想敏捷，勤于学习，勇于创新。但青年学者要多向老一辈学者学习，博士尤其要很好地向导师学习，在导师的指导下，发挥自己的优势，研究重大问题，就有可能出好的成果，实现自己的价值。过去12年入选文库的论文，也说明了这一点。

什么是当前时代的重大问题呢？纵观当今世界，无外乎两种社会制度，一种是资本主义制度，一种是社会主义制度。所有的世界观问题、政治问题、理论问题都离不开对这两大制度的基本看法。对于社会主义，马克思主义者和资本主义世界的学者都有很多的研究和论述；对于资本主义，马克思主义者和资本主义世界的学者也有过很多研究和论述。面对这些众说纷纭的思潮和学说，我们应该如何认识？从基本倾向看，资本主义国家的学者、政治家论证的是资本主义的合理性和长期存在的“必然性”；中国的马克思主义者，中国的社会科学工作者，当然要向世界、向社会讲清楚，中国坚持走自己的路一定能实现现代化，中华民族一定能通过社会主义来实现全面的振兴。中国的问题只能由中国人用自己的理论来解决，让外国人来解决中国的问题，是行不通的。也许有的同志会说，马克思主义也是外来的。但是，要知道，马克思主义只是在中国化了以后才解决中国的问题的。如果没有马克思主义的普遍原理与中国革命和建设的实际相结合而形成的毛泽东思想、邓小平理论，马克思主义同样不能解决中国的问题。教条主义是不行的，东教条不行，西教条也不行，什么教条都不行。把学问、理论当教条，本身就是反科学的。

在21世纪，人类所面对的最重大的问题仍然是两大制度问题：这两大制度的前途、命运如何？资本主义会如何变化？社会主义怎么发展？中国特色的社会主义怎么发展？中国学者无论是研究资本主义，还是研究社会主义，最终总是要落脚到解决中国的现实与未来问题。我看中国的未来就是如何保持长期的稳定和发展。只要能长期稳定，就能长期发展；只要能长期发展，中国的社会主义现代化就能实现。

什么是21世纪的重大理论问题？我看还是马克思主义的发展问题。我们的理论是为中国的发展服务的，决不是相反。解决中国问题的关键，取决于我们能否更好地坚持和发展马克思主义，特别是发展马克思主义。不能发展马克思主义也就不能坚持马克思主义。一切不发展的、僵化的东西都是坚持不住的，也不可能坚持住。坚持马克思主义，就是要随着实践，随着社会、经济各方面的发展，不断地发展马克思主义。马克思主义没有穷尽真理，也没有包揽一切答案。它所提供给我们的，更多的是认识世界、改造世界的世界观、方法论、价值观，是立场，是方法。我们必须学会运用科学的世界观来认识社会的发展，在实践中不断地丰富和发展马克思主义，只有发展马克思主义才能真正坚持马克思主义。我们年轻的社会科学博士们要以坚持和发展马克思主义为己任，在这方面多出精品力作。我们将优先出版这种成果。

2001年8月8日于北戴河

Under the initiative and chairmanship of Comrade Hu Rope, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences formed an editorial board to select outstanding social science doctoral theses that graduated from the country every year and passed the defense to be included in the "Chinese Social Sciences Doctoral Dissertation Library", which was officially published by the China Social Sciences Press, and this work has lasted for 12 years. The papers published in the past 12 years represent the level of doctoral dissertations in various disciplines of social sciences in China during this period, and better realize the original intention of editing and publishing this library. Editing and publishing the doctoral library is not only an effective measure to cultivate academic leaders in various disciplines of social sciences, but also an important cultural accumulation, which is very meaningful. Before I came to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, I had read some of the papers in the library with great interest, and since I came to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, I have always paid attention to and supported the publication of the library. At the turn of the old and new centuries, Comrade Hu Rope, former director of the editorial board, passed away, and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences wanted me to preside over the work of the editorial board of the library, and I agreed. Doctors of social sciences are young social science researchers, youth is the future of the country, young social scientists are the future of our social sciences, and we have the responsibility to support them to grow faster. Every era always has its own problems, and "problems are the voice of the times" (Marx). Persisting in integrating theory with practice and paying attention to studying strategic issues with an overall dimension is our party's fine tradition. I hope that young social scientists, including PhDs, will inherit and carry forward this fine tradition, and pay close attention to and deeply study the major issues of the times facing China in the early 21st century. Without the nature of the times and the social trend, the value of social science research will be affected. I encourage young people to become famous and start families, this is the need of the party, the needs of the country, and the needs of the people. But the question is, what is a name? Name, that is, his value is recognized by society. If he is not recognized by society and the people, where is his value? Therefore, value lies in answering and solving major problems in society. Once you answer the major questions of the times, it will inevitably have a huge and profound impact on society, and you will realize your value because of it. Young PhDs have great advantages in this regard: energetic, quick-thinking, diligent in learning and courageous in innovation. However, young scholars should learn more from the older generation of scholars, and doctors should especially learn well from their supervisors, and under the guidance of their supervisors, give full play to their own advantages and study major issues, and it is possible to produce good results and realize their own value. This is also illustrated by papers that have been selected in the library over the past 12 years. What are the major issues of our time? Looking at the world today, there are nothing more than two social systems, one is the capitalist system and the other is the socialist system. All worldview, political, and theoretical issues are inseparable from the basic views on these two systems. There is a lot of research and discourse on socialism, Marxists and scholars of the capitalist world; There has also been much research and discourse on capitalism by Marxists and scholars of the capitalist world. In the face of these divergent trends of thought and doctrine, how should we understand? From the perspective of basic tendencies, scholars and politicians in capitalist countries argue for the rationality and long-term "inevitability" of capitalism; China's Marxists and China's social science workers must of course make it clear to the world and society that China will certainly be able to achieve modernization by sticking to its own path, and that the Chinese nation will certainly be able to achieve comprehensive rejuvenation through socialism. China's problems can only be solved by Chinese with their own theories, and it will not work to let foreigners solve China's problems. Some comrades may say that Marxism is also foreign. However, we must know that Marxism solved China's problems only after it became Chinese. Without Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory, formed by combining the universal principles of Marxism with the reality of China's revolution and construction, Marxism would not have been able to solve China's problems. Dogmatism does not work, Eastern dogma does not work, Western dogma does not work, no dogma works. Treating learning and theory as dogmas is itself anti-science. In the 21st century, the most important problem facing mankind is still the question of two major systems: what is the future and fate of these two systems? How will capitalism change? How does socialism develop? How does socialism with Chinese characteristics develop? Whether Chinese scholars study capitalism or socialism, they always have to solve China's current and future problems. In my opinion, China's future is how to maintain long-term stability and development. As long as it can be stable for a long time, it can develop for a long time; As long as it can develop for a long time, China's socialist modernization can be realized. What are the major theoretical issues of the 21st century? In my opinion, it is still a question of the development of Marxism. Our theory serves China's development, not the opposite. The key to solving the China issue depends on whether we can better uphold and develop Marxism, especially Marxism. If we cannot develop Marxism, we cannot uphold Marxism. Everything that does not develop and is rigid cannot be held onto, and it is impossible to hold on. Adhering to Marxism means constantly developing Marxism along with practice and along with the development of society and economy. Marxism does not exhaust the truth, nor does it encompass all answers. What it provides us with is more the world view, methodology, and values of understanding the world and transforming the world, and is a position, and a method. We must learn to use the scientific world outlook to understand the development of society, and constantly enrich and develop Marxism in practice. Our young doctors of social sciences should take upholding and developing Marxism as their own responsibility and make more excellent works in this regard. We will give priority to the publication of such results. 8 August 2001 in Beidaihe（AI翻译）