一本书是国家社会科学基金2013年特别委托项目、中国社会科学院创新工程重大项目《21世纪中国少数民族经济社会发展综合调查》（以下简称“大调查”）的应用研究2014年度子课题成果之一。2013年底，新疆社会科学院组成了以宗教研究所所长、研究员郭泰山为组长，《新疆社会科学》主编、编审苏成为副组长的课题组，按“大调查”要求程序论证、申报、答辩，并经“大调查”项目首席专家中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所所长王延中研究员建议和“大调查”专家委员会审议、中国社会科学院领导批准后立项，签署协议，由“大调查”项目支持调研经费，用一年时间，完成调研点的调查研究任务，形成调研专著。2014年，《鄯善县经济社会发展综合调查》12人课题组以民族学、人类学社会调查方式分四次在鄯善县调研，为客观反映进入21世纪这10多年鄯善县在政治、经济、文化、教育、科技、卫生、语言、生态保护等各方面的发展成就，及时准确地反映鄯善经济社会发展中存在的问题和面临的挑战，为促进边疆民族地区经济发展与社会稳定，维护国家统一，反对民族分裂，进行了理论与实践的探讨。鄯善县深厚的历史文化积淀，一直是理论学术界关注的重点地区。特别是在历史学、民族学、考古学、社会学、文化研究、经济研究领域成果斐然，国内外有众多值得借鉴的理论研究成果，新疆许多学子的毕业论文也涉及吐鲁番地区，甚至有微观到村落的调查报告和论文（这里不再一一列举）。这些论述都为我们深入调查研究鄯善县的历史、现状和发展问题，特别是民族问题奠定了坚实的理论基础。我们要求课题组关注国内外民族历史、宗教、文化学、社会学信息，把握民族理论、政策法规、学术理论、学术交流前沿等相关文献，使研究成果对该项目的调研、实际应用产生导向和引领作用。第一，收集、整理了鄯善县政治、经济、文化、社会、生态建设改革发展的材料，并尽力使之完整化、系统化，为“大调查”项目建立大数据库做好准备。第二，完成了“大调查”项目要求的（子题之外）干部问卷调查。第三，本课题通过深入的调查研究，尽力掌握鄯善县全面发展的真实情况和政治、经济、文化、社会、生态“五大建设”的渠道、方式、特点以及基本主张、主要问题、对策建议等，为今后进一步研究、宣传、学习奠定了良好的基础。作为《21世纪初中国少数民族经济社会发展综合调查》项目的子课题，最终成果为“中国少数民族经济社会发展调查报告丛书”提交一个鄯善县卷本，在整体的编撰框架上我们基本遵从总项目工作委员会的要求。即围绕生态与社会环境、经济结构与经济发展问题、社会结构与政治发展、民族教育与语言文字、宗教现状与发展趋势、民族团结、婚姻家庭与伦理道德、医疗卫生与科学技术、民族文化发展等问题展开。二历史上，新疆既是多民族聚居地区，又是古代各部落、民族迁徙和流动的大舞台。在漫长的历史岁月中，各民族互相接触、交融，形成了你中有我、我中有你的局面。历史与现实皆证明团结和睦、共同发展一直是新疆民族关系发展的主流。鄯善，本名楼兰，公元前77年汉立尉屠耆为王，改楼兰为鄯善。是西域三十六国之一，处于举世闻名的丝绸之路要驿。千百年来，鄯善历史发展的脉络可以这样简述：唐以前，鄯善的山南称柳城，山北称白芨。至唐时，山南设柳中县，山北设蒲昌县。经宋元明等朝代演变至清代，山南山北统称辟展。清光绪二十八年（1902年），改辟展为鄯善，且一直沿用至今，即使现代鄯善的一些维吾尔人仍称鄯善为辟展。据史料记载，西汉魏晋南北朝时期是中国统一的多民族国家发展历史中的一个重要历史时期。尤其是张骞两次出使西域，标志着绿洲丝绸之路的正式开通。不同的物资、不同的文化、不同的族群的交流、交融、交往，即“西传东渐”，使西域地区与中原王朝和北方游牧政权之间始终保持着密切的政治、经济、文化联系。东汉后期佛教的传入，西域大多地区都有了佛教文化与汉文化并行的状况。特别是鄯善，成为内地王朝在西域重要的屯田之地，和内地小城镇没有什么差别。伊斯兰教产生于7世纪初的阿拉伯半岛。传入新疆的时间约在公元9世纪末10世纪初，即唐末至五代初。11世纪初，喀喇汗朝灭了于阗王国（和田地区以佛教为主的王国）后，又打着“圣战”的旗帜发动了对高昌回鹘王国的战争，这场战争最终以失败告终。西辽统治时期，由于上层统治者采取宽容的宗教政策，使得伊斯兰教和平地传入鄯善县境内。到东察合台汗国统治时期（1348—1514），在蒙古统治者的强制推行下，鄯善县境内居民改信伊斯兰教。时至今日，鄯善县仍然是以伊斯兰教为主的多宗教并存地区。时光荏苒，当历史进入21世纪，清光绪二十八年设县的鄯善至2002年已过100年。这时的鄯善赶上了西部大开发的好时光。正如鄯善县为纪念建县100周年编写的《鄯善百年》一书序言中写道：中国加入世贸组织，党中央正在实施西部大开发，以及我们进一步的深化改革、扩大开放，都给我们创造了各项事业驶入快车道的“天时”。鄯善县的农业物产多，葡萄、哈密瓜等已形成特色化、规模化优势；畜牧养殖业已初见成效，前景喜人；矿产资源丰富，种类多，储量大，品位高，石油、石材和多种有色金属矿的开发加工已成规模；另外，交通便利，通信发达，旅游资源独特，各项事业的发展都蓄足了强大的后劲，这些都是鄯善县的优越“地利”。鄯善县民族团结，社会稳定，民风淳朴，真诚热情，人人都树立起了“进了鄯善门，就是鄯善人”的思想观念，这正是百业兴旺所需的“人和”。有了这些“天时、地利、人和”，我们坚信鄯善必将是开拓者的乐园，创业者的圆梦地。今天的鄯善县辖五乡五镇，一个国营农场，两个省级工业园区，67个行政村，20个社区，有维吾尔族、汉族、回族等19个民族，总人口23.13万，其中少数民族人口达90%以上，特别是维吾尔族人口相对集中。鄯善总面积为3.98万平方公里，占吐鲁番盆地面积的56%，是吐鲁番地区行政区划面积最大的县。它位于吐鲁番东部90公里，西距自治区首府乌鲁木齐280公里，东距哈密340公里。兰新铁路、兰新高铁、连霍高速、亚欧光缆、西气东输管线贯穿全境，区位优越，交通便利。在历史上就是东西方文化的交汇之地，是中国葡萄、哈密瓜的真正故乡，它曾以孕育和延续了灿烂的古楼兰文明而驰名中外。悠久的历史文化、发达的农业文明、神奇的自然景观、浓郁的民俗风情、丰富的矿产资源、吐哈石油的大阵地，遍布县域的文物古迹，这一切，有机地构成了鄯善民族历史文化的独特性。进入21世纪以来，鄯善县已成为新疆政治经济社会文化生态建设发展的排头兵。三新疆作为多语言文字、多民族交集、多宗教信仰的多元文化共生的民族地区和边疆地区，其复杂的区情、敌情、社情和周边环境，一直是西方敌对势力和境内外“三股势力”（民族分裂、宗教极端、暴力恐怖）加紧利用和从事颠覆破坏活动的重点地区。在这种复杂背景下，新疆的“五大建设”，即政治建设、经济建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态建设和发展态势，往往成为有别于内地的观察和透视新疆的窗口。吐鲁番地区鄯善县的政治建设从指导思想上讲，必然是坚守社会主义意识形态的战略高地，坚守马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观的思想库，以引领社会主义发展方向。因为社会主义意识形态具有中国共产党优良的政治品格及丰厚的政治资源和精神财富。简言之，就是始终坚持实事求是思想路线；坚持全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨；坚持与时俱进的理论品质。十多年来，鄯善县历届党委、政府继往开来，按照中央、自治区党委、吐鲁番地委的决策部署，在“打”“防”上下功夫，全力维护社会稳定；在强基固本上下功夫，不断提升基层组织的战斗力；在发动群众上下功夫，弘扬主旋律，传播正能量；在民族宗教工作上下功夫，不断促进民族团结和宗教和谐；在争取人心上下功夫，努力让发展成果惠及各族群众。可以说付出了巨大的努力和辛劳。在经济建设、发展过程中，鄯善县积极推进新型工业化，已形成煤电化、新材料加工、石油天然气化工、清洁能源、食品及酿造加工、无机盐化工精深加工、先进装备制造等产业链；积极推进农牧业现代化，着力打造精品，其中，特色林果业、哈密瓜产业、畜牧业及农业产业化发展等都在提质增效。现代服务业、特色旅游业、农业基础设施建设落后的状况已得到有效的改变。在文化建设上，鄯善县充分利用自然资源、民风民俗及地缘优势，不断完善公共文化服务体系建设。一是重点抓好广播电视村村通、户户通、农村电影放映等文化工程，每户发放半导体收音机；二是在大部分有条件的村、社区建立了文化活动中心，在大部分自然村建立了文化大院；三是开展“百名民间艺人培训工程”，鼓励扶持基层文艺骨干、民间艺人、文化能人、文化志愿者参与公共文化活动；四是广泛开展各类群众性文化活动，各种不同特色的文体演出队200多个；五是每逢重大节假日，组织县直单位、乡村干部群众开展升国旗活动，组织专业文艺团体深入乡村巡回演出，实现了基层文化活动红红火火，积极引导各族群众向现代化和世俗化靠近。鄯善县沙漠景区，2008年创建为国家4A级景区，2009年被国家体育总局批准为中国首个“沙漠徒步休闲运功基地”，2010年获得“中国最佳休闲运动沙漠”称号，2014年9月被国家林业局命名为“鄯善国家沙漠公园”。鄯善县依托鄯善沙漠、吐峪沟大峡谷、历史文化名镇、名村、柳中古城、恐龙家园、葡萄和哈密瓜故乡、彩玉、楼兰酒家等旅游文化资源，大力发展特色旅游文化产业。在社会建设方面，第一，十多年来，鄯善县按照做强县城、做优集镇、做美村庄的总体思路，着力推进新型城镇化建设，已基本形成了县城和乡镇之间区域互联、功能互融的格局。第二，鄯善县坚持把就业作为最大的民生工程、民心工程和根基工程，坚持把城镇登记失业率控制在2.52%，“零就业家庭”保持动态清零。大力推进就业、创业工作，切实让各族群众有事干、有钱挣、有盼头（鄯善县平均每年转移农村富余劳动力9000余人，平均每年有700余名大中专学生返乡）。第三，抓住农村义务教育中的薄弱环节不放松，积极落实、保障教育经费，实现了从农村双语幼儿园教育到普通高中和职业教育阶段的免费教育。第四，不断完善社会救助和社会保障标准与物价上涨挂钩联动机制，全县新型农村养老保险和城镇居民养老保险参保率100%。进一步健全城乡医疗救助制度，逐步提高城乡低保医疗个人自付部分的医疗救助比例。继续实施农牧民生殖健康项目，继续落实计划生育奖励政策。第五，按照“原址重建、整村推进、推倒重来、统一规划”的原则，全面实施安居富民和保障房工程等。在生态建设上，鄯善县没有在“沙不进，绿不退”的神话中等待，面对生态环境日益脆弱、水资源约束日益趋紧的严峻态势，始终把环保优先、生态立县的理念贯穿于经济社会发展的全过程。其一，全民动员，开展节水型社会建设工作。建成了二塘沟水库、柯柯亚二库（建成后新增库容3305万立方米）。加速进行农业节水，推广应用设施农业和大田葡萄高效节水灌溉技术。其二，科学开发和利用资源，大力加强节能减排工作，对重点耗能、污染企业实施目标管理、总量控制、动态管理，全县工业企业耗能和主要污染物排放总量得到有效控制。其三，围绕打造“万亩桑园、万亩杏园”目标，持续开展万亩防护林保护行动，抓好县乡村道路绿化，完成人工造林2万亩；持续开展防沙治沙工作，以草方格沙障为主，启动山南沙化土地封禁保护项目，已设沙障1824亩，以防“沙进人退”。当今，鄯善大局稳定，政治、经济、文化、社会事业在发展中进步，在进步中发展，各族人民安居乐业的格局稳固。但敌情严峻、社情复杂，宗教极端主义思潮暗流涌动，我们的各项工作特别是民族宗教工作中仍然存在着薄弱环节，毕竟我们和敌对势力都面对着宗教背后庞大的信教群众。正如基层的许多干部所言：基础不牢，地动天摇。2014年的中央第二次新疆工作座谈会和中央民族工作会议的核心理念是我们鄯善各族干部的主体思路和工作指针。加强反恐和社会稳定的机制建设，加强经济和民生建设，加强少数民族干部队伍建设，加强青少年的思想教育工作，加强“双语”教育工作等问题急迫、现实地呈现在我们面前，“回复旧道”是不可能的，“维持现状”也是不可能的。面对日益复杂的形势和繁重的工作，我们需要大量的政治上强、能力上强、作风上强、心力上强的各族干部，并能够伏下身体真诚地为各族群众服务，建设好我们共有的美好家园。总之，在鄯善这块宝地上，维护国家统一、反对民族分裂和宗教极端势力、强边富民所产生的经济效益和更直接的社会效益是巨大的，不论过去、现在和将来，它是不会改变的。郭泰山2014年12月30日

This book is one of the 2014 sub-project results of the applied research project specially commissioned by the National Social Science Foundation of China in 2013 and the major project of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' innovation project "Comprehensive Survey on the Economic and Social Development of China's Ethnic Minorities in the 21st Century" (hereinafter referred to as the "Great Survey"). At the end of 2013, the Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences formed a research group headed by Guo Taishan, director and researcher of the Institute of Religious Studies, and Su, editor-in-chief and editor of Xinjiang Social Sciences, as deputy leader, to demonstrate, declare and defend according to the procedures required by the "Great Investigation", and after the suggestion of Wang Yanzhong, the chief expert of the "Great Investigation" project, and the deliberation of the "Great Survey" expert committee, and the approval of the leaders of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the project was established, and an agreement was signed The project supports research funds, and in one year, completes the investigation and research tasks of the research points and forms a research monograph. In 2014, the 12-member research team of "Comprehensive Survey of Economic and Social Development of Shanshan" conducted four investigations in Shanshanxian County in the form of ethnological and anthropological social surveys, in order to objectively reflect the development achievements of Shanshan's county in politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology, health, language, ecological protection and other aspects in the past 10 years in the 21st century, timely and accurately reflect the problems and challenges in the economic and social development of Shanshan, promote economic development and social stability in border ethnic areas, safeguard national unity, and oppose ethnic separatism , theoretical and practical discussions were carried out. The profound historical and cultural accumulation of Shanshanxian County has always been the focus of theoretical academic circles. In particular, the fields of history, ethnology, archaeology, sociology, cultural studies, and economics have achieved remarkable results, and there are many theoretical research results worth learning from at home and abroad, and the graduation theses of many students in Xinjiang also involve the Turpan region, and even have microscopic investigation reports and papers to villages (I will not list them all here). All these expositions have laid a solid theoretical foundation for our in-depth investigation and study of the history, current situation and development issues of Shanshan, especially the ethnic issue. We require the research group to pay attention to the information of ethnic history, religion, culture and sociology at home and abroad, grasp the relevant literature such as ethnic theory, policy and regulation, academic theory, and academic exchange frontier, so that the research results can guide and lead the research and practical application of the project. First, we collected and sorted out materials for the reform and development of political, economic, cultural, social and ecological construction in Shanshan, and tried our best to make them complete and systematic, so as to prepare for the establishment of a large database for the "big survey" project. Second, the questionnaire survey of cadres (other than subtopics) required by the "big survey" project was completed. Third, through in-depth investigation and research, this project tries its best to grasp the real situation of the comprehensive development of Shanshanxian County and the channels, methods, characteristics, basic propositions, main problems, countermeasures and suggestions of the "five major constructions" of politics, economy, culture, society and ecology, etc., which has laid a good foundation for further research, publicity and study in the future. As a sub-topic of the project "Comprehensive Survey of the Economic and Social Development of China's Ethnic Minorities in the Early 21st Century", the final result was to submit a Shanshanxian volume for the "Investigation Report Series on the Economic and Social Development of China's Ethnic Minorities", and we basically complied with the requirements of the General Project Working Committee in the overall compilation framework. That is, it focuses on ecology and social environment, economic structure and economic development issues, social structure and political development, ethnic education and language, religious status and development trend, ethnic unity, marriage and family and ethics, medical and health care and science and technology, and national cultural development. Second, in history, Xinjiang was not only a multi-ethnic inhabited area, but also a big stage for the migration and movement of various tribes and ethnic groups in ancient times. In the long historical years, various ethnic groups have come into contact and blended with each other, forming a situation in which you have me and I have you. Both history and reality have proved that unity, harmony and common development have always been the mainstream of the development of ethnic relations in Xinjiang. Shanshan, whose real name was Loulan, became king in 77 BC and changed Loulan to Shanshan. It is one of the thirty-six countries in the Western Regions and is located at the world-famous Silk Road Pillar. For thousands of years, the context of the historical development of Shanshan, which can be briefly described as follows: Before the Tang Dynasty, the southern part of Shanshan's mountain was called Liucheng, and the northern part of the mountain was called Baiqi. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, Liuzhong County was set up in the south of the mountain and Puchang County in the north of the mountain. After the evolution of dynasties such as the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, Shannan and Shanbei are collectively known as Bizhan. In the 28th year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1902), it was renamed Shanshan, and it has been used to this day, even if some Uyghurs in modern Shanshan, they still call Shanshan. According to historical records, the Western Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties periods were an important historical period in the history of the development of China's unified multi-ethnic country. In particular, Zhang Qian's two envoys to the Western Regions marked the official opening of the Oasis Silk Road. The exchanges, blending and exchanges of different materials, different cultures and different ethnic groups, that is, "spreading from the west to the east", have always maintained close political, economic and cultural ties between the Western Regions and the Central Plains Dynasty and the nomadic regime in the north. With the introduction of Buddhism in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, most areas in the Western Regions had a parallel Buddhist culture and Han culture. In particular, Shanshan, which became an important settlement place for the mainland dynasty in the Western Regions, was no different from the small towns in the mainland. Islam arose in the Arabian Peninsula in the early 7th century. It was introduced to Xinjiang around the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 10th century, that is, from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the beginning of the fifth dynasty. At the beginning of the 11th century, after the Karakhan Dynasty destroyed the Kingdom of Khotan (a predominantly Buddhist kingdom in the Hotan region), it launched a war against the Gaochang Uighur Kingdom under the banner of "holy war", which ended in failure. During the reign of Western Liao, due to the tolerant religious policy adopted by the upper class rulers, Islam was peacefully introduced into the territory of Shanshan. By the time of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (1348-1514), under the enforced implementation of the Mongol rulers, the residents of Shanshanxian County converted to Islam. To this day, Shanshan's county is still a multi-religious area dominated by Islam. Time flies, when history enters the 21st century, 100 years have passed since Shanshan, which was established as a county in the 28th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, to 2002. At this time, Shanshan, in time for the good time of the large-scale development of the western region. Just as the preface to the book "One Hundred Years of Shanshan" compiled by Shanshanxian County to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the county reads: China's accession to the WTO, the Party Central Committee's implementation of the large-scale development of the western region, and our further deepening of reform and opening wider have all created a "heavenly time" for us to enter the fast lane of various undertakings. There are many agricultural products in Shanshan, and grapes and cantaloupe have formed characteristics and scale advantages; The livestock industry has achieved initial results and the prospects are gratifying; Rich mineral resources, many types, large reserves, high grade, the development and processing of oil, stone and a variety of non-ferrous metal ores has become a scale; In addition, convenient transportation, developed communications, unique tourism resources, and strong stamina for the development of various undertakings are the superior "geographical advantages" of Shanshan. With ethnic unity, social stability, simple folk customs, sincerity and enthusiasm, everyone has established the ideological concept of "entering the gate of Shanshan, you are a Shanshan", which is exactly the "people" needed for the prosperity of all industries. With these "timing, location, people", we firmly believe that Shanshan's paradise will be a paradise for pioneers and a place for entrepreneurs to realize their dreams. Today, Shanshan, with jurisdiction over five townships and five towns, a state-owned farm, two provincial-level industrial parks, 67 administrative villages, 20 communities, 19 ethnic groups including Uyghurs, Han and Hui, and a total population of 231,300, of which more than 90 percent are ethnic minorities, especially the Uyghur population is relatively concentrated. With a total area of 39,800 square kilometers, Shanshan, accounting for 56% of the Turpan Basin, is the county with the largest administrative division in Turpan Prefecture. It is located 90 kilometers east of Turpan, 280 kilometers west of Urumqi, the capital of the autonomous region, and 340 kilometers east of Hami. Lanxin Railway, Lanxin High-speed Railway, Lianhuo Expressway, Asia-Europe Optical Cable, West-East Gas Pipeline run through the whole territory, with superior location and convenient transportation. Historically, it is the meeting place of Eastern and Western cultures, the true hometown of Chinese grapes and cantaloupe, which was famous for giving birth to and perpetuating the splendid ancient Loulan civilization. Long history and culture, developed agricultural civilization, magical natural landscapes, rich folk customs, rich mineral resources, Tuha oil front, cultural relics and monuments all over the county, all of which organically constitute the uniqueness of the history and culture of the Shanshanese nation. Since the beginning of the 21st century, Shanshanxian County has become the vanguard of Xinjiang's political, economic, social, cultural and ecological construction. As a multi-lingual, multi-ethnic intersection and multi-religious multicultural ethnic region and border region, Xinjiang's complex regional conditions, hostile conditions, social conditions and surrounding environment have always been the focus of Western hostile forces and the "three forces" at home and abroad (ethnic separatism, religious extremism, violent terror) to step up their use and engage in subversive and sabotage activities. Against this complex background, Xinjiang's "five major constructions", namely political construction, economic construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological construction and development trend, often become different from the mainland to observe and see Xinjiang. In terms of guiding ideology, the political construction of Shanshanxian County in Turpan Prefecture must be a strategic highland for adhering to socialist ideology and a think tank for adhering to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thinking of "three represents," and the scientific outlook on development, so as to lead the direction of socialist development. This is because socialist ideology has the excellent political character of the Communist Party of China and its abundant political resources and spiritual wealth. In short, it is to always adhere to the ideological line of seeking truth from facts; Adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly; Adhere to the theoretical quality of keeping pace with the times. Over the past 10 years, successive party committees and governments of Shanshanxian County have carried forward the past and forged ahead, made efforts to "fight" and "prevent" in accordance with the decisions and arrangements of the party committee of the central and autonomous regions and the Turpan prefectural party committee, and made every effort to maintain social stability; Efforts should be made to strengthen the foundation and continuously improve the combat effectiveness of grassroots organizations; Work hard to mobilize the masses, carry forward the main melody, and spread positive energy; Devote efforts to ethnic and religious work and continuously promote ethnic unity and religious harmony; Efforts should be made to win the hearts and minds of the people and strive to make the fruits of development benefit the people of all ethnic groups. It can be said that great effort and toil have been put in. In the process of economic construction and development, Shanshanxian County has actively promoted new industrialization, and has formed industrial chains such as coal electrification, new material processing, oil and gas chemical industry, clean energy, food and brewing processing, inorganic salt chemical intensive processing, and advanced equipment manufacturing; Actively promote the modernization of agriculture and animal husbandry, and strive to create high-quality products, among which the characteristic forest and fruit industry, cantaloupe industry, animal husbandry and agricultural industrialization development are all improving quality and efficiency. The backward situation of modern service industry, characteristic tourism and agricultural infrastructure construction has been effectively changed. In terms of cultural construction, Shanshan County makes full use of natural resources, folk customs and geographical advantages to continuously improve the construction of public cultural service system. First, focus on cultural projects such as radio and television village access, household access, and rural film screening, and distribute semiconductor radios to each household; Second, cultural activity centers have been established in most villages and communities where conditions permit, and cultural compounds have been established in most natural villages; The third is to carry out the "100 Folk Artists Training Project" to encourage and support grassroots literary and artistic backbones, folk artists, cultural talents, and cultural volunteers to participate in public cultural activities; Fourth, various mass cultural activities have been widely carried out, with more than 200 cultural and sports performance teams with different characteristics; Fifth, on major holidays, we organize county units and rural cadres and masses to carry out activities to raise the national flag, organize professional literary and artistic groups to go deep into the countryside to tour the villages, so as to achieve a flourishing grassroots cultural activity and actively guide the masses of all ethnic groups to approach modernization and secularization. Shanshan's desert scenic spot was created as a national 4A-level scenic spot in 2008, approved by the General Administration of Sports of the People's Republic of China as China's first "desert trekking leisure sports base" in 2009, won the title of "China's best leisure sports desert" in 2010, and was named "Shanshan's National Desert Park" by the State Forestry Administration in September 2014. Relying on tourism and cultural resources such as the Shanshanshan Desert, Tuyugou Grand Canyon, famous historical and cultural towns, famous villages, Liuzhong Ancient City, dinosaur homeland, grape and cantaloupe hometown, Caiyu, Loulan Restaurant and other tourism and cultural resources, Shanshan County has vigorously developed characteristic tourism and cultural industries. In terms of social construction, first, over the past ten years, in accordance with the overall idea of strengthening the county town, making the market town and the beautiful village, Shanshanxian County has focused on promoting the construction of new-type urbanization, and has basically formed a pattern of regional interconnection and functional integration between the county town and the township. Second, Shanshan County insists on taking employment as the biggest project of people's livelihood, people's hearts and foundation, insists on controlling the urban registered unemployment rate at 2.52%, and maintains a dynamic clearance of "zero-employment households". Vigorously promote employment and entrepreneurship, and effectively let the people of all ethnic groups have something to do, earn money and have hope (Shanshan's county transfers an average of more than 9,000 surplus rural laborers every year, and an average of more than 700 college and secondary school students return to their hometowns every year). Third, we should grasp the weak links in rural compulsory education without slackening, actively implement and guarantee education funds, and realize free education from rural bilingual kindergarten education to ordinary high school and vocational education. Fourth, continuously improve the linkage mechanism between social assistance and social security standards and price increases, and the participation rate of new rural endowment insurance and urban residents' endowment insurance in the county is 100%. Further improve the urban and rural medical assistance system, and gradually increase the proportion of medical assistance paid by urban and rural subsistence medical care for the out-of-pocket part. We will continue to implement reproductive health projects for farmers and herdsmen, and continue to implement family planning incentive policies. Fifth, in accordance with the principle of "rebuilding the original site, promoting the whole village, tearing down and restarting the house, and unified planning", comprehensively implement the projects of safe housing and affordable housing. In terms of ecological construction, Shanshanxian did not wait in the myth of "sand does not advance, green does not retreat", in the face of the increasingly fragile ecological environment and the increasingly tight water resource constraints, it has always put the concept of environmental protection first and ecological county throughout the whole process of economic and social development. First, mobilize the whole people to carry out the construction of a water-saving society. Ertanggou Reservoir and Kekeya No. 2 Reservoir were built (33.05 million cubic meters of new reservoir capacity after completion). Accelerate agricultural water conservation, and promote the application of facility agriculture and field grape efficient water-saving irrigation technology. Second, scientifically develop and utilize resources, vigorously strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction, implement target management, total volume control and dynamic management of key energy-consuming and polluting enterprises, and effectively control the total energy consumption and major pollutant emissions of industrial enterprises in the county. Third, focusing on the goal of building "10,000 mu of mulberry gardens and 10,000 mu of apricot orchards", continue to carry out the protection of 10,000 mu of shelter forests, grasp the greening of county and rural roads, and complete artificial afforestation of 20,000 mu; Continue to carry out sand prevention and control work, focusing on grass square grid sand barriers, start the Shannan desertification land closure and protection project, and have set up 1,824 mu of sand barriers to prevent "sand entering and people retreating". Today, the overall situation in Shanshan, the political, economic, cultural and social undertakings are progressing in the course of development and development, and the pattern of people of all ethnic groups living and working in peace and contentment is stable. However, the hostile situation is severe, the social situation is complicated, the undercurrent of religious extremism is surging, and there are still weak links in our work, especially ethnic and religious work, after all, we and the hostile forces are facing the huge number of believers behind religion. Just as many cadres at the grassroots level said: If the foundation is not firm, the ground will shake the sky. The core concepts of the Second Xinjiang Work Forum and the Central Ethnic Work Conference in 2014 are the main ideas and work guidelines for cadres of all ethnic groups in Shanshan. Issues such as strengthening the mechanism for counter-terrorism and social stability, strengthening economic and people's livelihood, strengthening the contingent of ethnic minority cadres, strengthening ideological education among young people, and strengthening "bilingual" education are urgently and realistically presented before us. In the face of the increasingly complex situation and heavy work, we need a large number of cadres of all ethnic groups who are strong in politics, ability, style and mental strength, and who can sincerely serve the masses of all ethnic groups and build a beautiful homeland that we share. In short, in the treasure land of Shanshan, the economic benefits and more direct social benefits generated by safeguarding national unity, opposing ethnic separatism and religious extremist forces, and strengthening the border areas and enriching the people are enormous, and they will not change in the past, at present, and in the future. Guo Taishan, December 30, 2014（AI翻译）