从改革开放到现在，中国的减贫事业取得了举世瞩目的成就。按照我国目前更新的2300元/年的农村贫困线标准，我国的贫困人口从1978年的7.7亿减少到2015年的5575万，减少了7.1亿。贫困人口的基本生产生活条件也得到了显著的改善和提升。根据世行公布的结果，全球减贫成绩的70%来自于中国，为此，世界银行赞誉中国的反贫困工作在区域和全球范围内都处于中心地位，在短时间内如此大幅脱贫是史无前例的。然而，未来我国反贫困的任务仍然十分艰巨：按照国际标准，目前中国的贫困人口数仍然位列全球第三，占比大约是全球贫困人口的10%，而这些贫困人口大多数分布在生态环境恶劣、自然资源贫乏、地理位置偏远的地区，贫困程度更深，减贫成本更高，脱贫的难度更大。同时，发展的严重不平衡导致连片特困地区矛盾更加突出、贫困地区防灾抗灾能力明显不足、部分已经脱贫的群体重新返贫、流动贫困人口快速增长等诸多新的挑战，使反贫困工作的复杂程度显著增加。贫困问题仍然是制约我国全面发展的主要瓶颈之一。因此，系统考察中国反贫困实践的发展历程、主要特征和薄弱环节，准确把握在实践中形成的中国反贫困理论的内在逻辑，提炼反贫困“中国模式”的典型特色和适用环境，提出应对新挑战的思路与方案以实现新时期反贫困目标，这有益于增进人民福祉、促进社会进步和国家繁荣。与此同时，与世界各国尤其是广大发展中国家分享中国反贫困的成功经验，对于整个人类社会的进步和维护世界和平也具有非常重要而积极的意义。反贫困问题研究处于多学科交叉领域，中国反贫困工作在较长时间跨度的稳步、持续推进，为相关学科的理论研究提供了一个最具代表性的大样本支持。中国特色的反贫困研究不仅富有现实指导意义，而且有益于多学科的理论创新。基于此，本书通过系统梳理我国反贫困实践的发展历程，就反贫困模式进行了系统总结；在准确把握实践中形成的反贫困核心要点基础上，提出具有中国特色的“两线一力”反贫困理论框架；以此框架为依据，与国际反贫困实践进行比较分析，归纳总结国外反贫困实践对我国的启示。同时，本书利用国际组织的社会调查数据，实证测算并描述出我国贫困率的变化趋势，验证现有贫困测度及其分解理论的时效性，总结归纳我国农村贫困的组群特征及差异，进而从多个方面对我国的减贫效果进行评价与评估测算；最后，本书针对“中国模式”作出基本判断，提出应对新挑战的思路与方案，以及实现新时期反贫困目标的有效手段。本书具体分工如下：第一章“引言”由闫坤、刘新波完成；第二章“中国特色的反贫困实践研究”由师旭辉完成；第三章“中国特色的反贫困理论研究”由于树一完成；第四章“反贫困实践的国际比较及启示”由孟艳完成；第五章“我国经济增长的减贫效果评估”、第六章“我国农村贫困分解及组群差异研究”、第七章“我国农村贫困的演变分析”由刘轶芳完成；第八章“巩固和发展反贫困的中国模式”由于树一完成。此外，闫坤、于树一和刘新波同志对书稿进行了全面修改和最后统稿，感谢各位作者的智力贡献！本书的撰写和出版还得到国家社会科学基金和中国社会科学院的资助，中国社会科学出版社的编辑人员为本书的编辑出版付出了大量心血，在此一并表示感谢。最后，本书还存在着一些不足，希望读者提出宝贵意见，以便我们在今后的工作中加以改正。

From the reform and opening up to the present, China's poverty reduction has made remarkable achievements. According to China's current updated rural poverty line standard of 2,300 yuan per year, China's poverty population has been reduced from 770 million in 1978 to 55.75 million in 2015, a decrease of 710 million. The basic working and living conditions of the poor have also been significantly improved and enhanced. According to World Bank results, 70% of global poverty reduction progress comes from China, which the World Bank praises as a central regional and global poverty alleviation effort, unprecedented in a short period of time. However, the task of fighting poverty in China in the future is still very arduous: according to international standards, the number of poor people in China still ranks third in the world, accounting for about 10% of the global poor, and most of these poor people are distributed in areas with poor ecological environment, poor natural resources and remote geographical location, and the poverty level is deeper, the cost of poverty reduction is higher, and it is more difficult to get rid of poverty. At the same time, the serious imbalance in development has led to many new challenges, such as more prominent contradictions in contiguous extremely poor areas, obvious lack of disaster prevention and resistance capacity in poverty-stricken areas, the return of some groups that have been lifted out of poverty, and the rapid growth of the floating poor population, which has significantly increased the complexity of anti-poverty work. Poverty remains one of the main bottlenecks restricting China's comprehensive development. Therefore, it systematically examines the development process, main characteristics and weak links of China's anti-poverty practice, accurately grasps the internal logic of China's anti-poverty theory formed in practice, extracts the typical characteristics and applicable environment of the anti-poverty "Chinese model", and puts forward ideas and solutions to deal with new challenges to achieve the anti-poverty goal in the new era, which is conducive to improving people's well-being, promoting social progress and national prosperity. At the same time, sharing China's successful experience in fighting poverty with other countries, especially developing countries, is also of great and positive significance to the progress of the entire human society and the maintenance of world peace. Anti-poverty research is in a multidisciplinary field, and China's anti-poverty work has been steadily and continuously advanced over a long period of time, providing the most representative large-sample support for theoretical research in related disciplines. Anti-poverty research with Chinese characteristics is not only of practical guiding significance, but also conducive to multidisciplinary theoretical innovation. Based on this, this book systematically summarizes the anti-poverty model by systematically combing the development process of China's anti-poverty practice. On the basis of accurately grasping the core points of anti-poverty formed in practice, this paper puts forward the theoretical framework of "two lines and one force" anti-poverty with Chinese characteristics; Based on this framework, it compares and analyzes with international anti-poverty practices, and summarizes the enlightenment of foreign anti-poverty practices to China. At the same time, this book uses the social survey data of international organizations to empirically measure and describe the trend of poverty rate in China, verify the timeliness of the existing poverty measurement and its decomposition theory, summarize and summarize the group characteristics and differences of rural poverty in China, and then evaluate and evaluate the poverty reduction effect in China from many aspects. Finally, the book makes basic judgments on the "China model", puts forward ideas and solutions to deal with new challenges, and effective means to achieve the goal of anti-poverty in the new era. The specific division of labor in this book is as follows: the first chapter, "Introduction", was completed by Yan Kun and Liu Xinbo; Chapter 2 "Research on Anti-Poverty Practice with Chinese Characteristics" was completed by Shi Xuhui; Chapter 3 "Research on Anti-Poverty Theory with Chinese Characteristics" due to the completion of Shuyi; Chapter 4, "International Comparison and Enlightenment of Anti-Poverty Practices", was completed by Meng Yan; Chapter 5 "Evaluation of the Poverty Reduction Effect of China's Economic Growth", Chapter 6 "Research on the Decomposition and Group Differences of Rural Poverty in China", and Chapter 7 "Analysis of the Evolution of Rural Poverty in China" were completed by Liu Yifang; Chapter 8 "Consolidating and Developing the Chinese Model of Anti-Poverty" is completed due to tree one. In addition, Comrades Yan Kun, Yu Shuyi and Liu Xinbo made a comprehensive revision and final draft of the manuscript, thank the authors for their intellectual contributions! The writing and publication of this book was also funded by the National Social Science Foundation and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and the editorial staff of the China Social Sciences Press have put a lot of effort into the editing and publication of this book. Finally, there are some shortcomings in this book, and I hope that readers will provide valuable comments so that we can correct them in our future work.（AI翻译）