中国社会科学院农村发展研究所（1985年以前为农业经济研究所）成立于1978年，是中国社会科学院成立后新建的第一批研究所之一，至今已度过40个春秋，参与和见证了中国农村改革发展40年的变迁。建所40年来，农村发展研究所坚持聚焦我国农业农村具有全局性、战略性、长期性重大问题以及热点、焦点问题，长期深入农村基层，进村入户，展开深入研究，发表了一批具有重要学术价值和重大社会、政策影响的研究成果，培养了一批有影响的著名专家学者和顶尖人才，为创新发展中国特色的“三农”理论，推进农业农村现代化做出了积极贡献。

农村发展研究所是我国“三农”研究的学术重镇，具有深入农村、求真务实的优良传统。40年来，农村发展研究所的人员组成虽然发生了很大变化，但深入农村调查研究、敢于说真话的传统从未发生改变。农村发展研究所成立后承担的第一项任务就是完成院交办的农村改革调查任务，为我院主持起草的中共十一届三中全会有关文件提供第一手资料。在建所初期，农村发展研究所曾全力支持杜润生领导的“中国农村发展问题研究组”，为中央“三农”决策建言献策。多年来，农村发展研究所一大批专家学者从不同方面、多个视角，围绕如何破解“三农”问题、加快农业农村发展、减缓农村贫困、改善生态环境、推进城乡一体化等进行了大量深入研究和积极探索，形成了众多有价值的学术成果，为中央决策提出了许多具有重要参考价值的政策建议，许多建议得到了党和国家领导人的重要批示。

本书是农村发展研究所建所40周年纪念文集，所收入的文章是研究人员建所40年间发表的一部分代表性成果。这些研究成果思想深刻，方法前沿，有前瞻性，回应了我国农村改革不同时期中出现的重大现实问题，具有很高的学术文献价值，对当时中央下决心推进农村土地承包制改革、转变农业生产和农村发展方式、引入发展新理念、启动生态环境保护工程、保障农民民主权利、维护农民经济利益等作出了重要贡献。例如，1980年发表的《包产到户是一个重要的理论和政策问题》和1981年发表的《论包产到户》等一批论文，对中央下决心推进农村土地承包制改革作出了重要贡献。1979年发表在《光明日报》上的“长江有变成第二黄河的危险”一文，在1981—1982年形成了我国有史以来第一次生态意识普及活动，并引起党和政府高度关注，促成了“长江中上游防护森林体系建设一期工程”和“长江上游水土保持重点工程建设”两大工程的立项和实施。

当前，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。这种不平衡不充分的发展体现在诸多方面，但主要集中体现在农村发展方面。可以说，当前城乡发展的不平衡是不平衡的发展的突出表现，农村发展的不充分则是最大的发展不充分。为解决农村地区的不平衡不充分的发展问题，实现全面建成小康社会和建设社会主义现代化强国的战略目标，党的十九大报告明确提出实施乡村振兴战略，强调坚持农业农村优先发展，加快实现农业农村现代化。乡村振兴的伟大实践为“三农”理论和政策研究提供了广阔空间，农业农村发展迎来了新的春天，农村发展研究所将大有作为。

在当前新的形势下，我们一定要顺应新时代的要求，尊重科学发展规律，坚持为人民做学问，面向国家和社会需求，立足国际化的广阔视野，以我国“三农”领域重大改革、理论与政策问题研究为己任，发扬深入农村、关注农民、求真务实、开拓创新的优良学风，更加注重实地调查研究，全面了解农业农村情况和农民呼声，多出精品、多出人才，真正“把学问做在农村大地上”，努力将农村发展研究所建设成为集学术研究、决策咨询、人才培养、编辑出版为一体，国内领先、国际一流的国家“三农”研究中心、人才培养基地和新型高端智库，为繁荣和发展我国哲学社会科学做出新的更大贡献，在新时代再创农村发展研究所新的辉煌。

魏后凯

2018年6月2日于北京

The Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (formerly the Institute of Agricultural Economics) was established in 1978 as one of the first research institutes established by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences after its establishment, and has spent 40 spring and autumn years, participating in and witnessing the changes of China's rural reform and development in the past 40 years. Over the past 40 years since its establishment, the Institute of Rural Development has insisted on focusing on overall, strategic and long-term major issues of China's agriculture and rural areas, as well as hot spots and focal issues, going deep into the rural grassroots for a long time, going into villages and households, carrying out in-depth research, publishing a number of research results with important academic value and major social and policy impact, cultivating a group of influential famous experts, scholars and top talents, and making positive contributions to the innovative development of the "three rural areas" theory with Chinese characteristics and the promotion of agricultural and rural modernization. The Institute of Rural Development is an important academic center for the study of "three rural areas" in China, and has a fine tradition of going deep into the countryside and seeking truth and pragmatism. Although the composition of the Rural Development Institute has changed greatly over the past 40 years, the tradition of going deep into rural areas and daring to speak the truth has never changed. The first task undertaken by the Institute of Rural Development after its establishment was to complete the rural reform investigation task assigned by the institute and provide first-hand information for the relevant documents of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China drafted under the auspices of our institute. In the early days of its establishment, the Institute of Rural Development fully supported the "China Rural Development Research Group" led by Du Runsheng and provided suggestions for the central government's "three rural areas" decision-making. Over the years, a large number of experts and scholars of the Institute of Rural Development have carried out a lot of in-depth research and active exploration from different aspects and perspectives on how to solve the "three rural issues", accelerate agricultural and rural development, alleviate rural poverty, improve the ecological environment, and promote urban-rural integration, forming many valuable academic achievements, putting forward many policy suggestions with important reference value for central decision-making, and many suggestions have received important instructions from party and state leaders. This book is a collection of essays commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Institute of Rural Development, and the articles included are some of the representative results published by researchers during the 40 years of the Institute's founding. These research results are profound, cutting-edge and forward-looking, respond to the major practical problems that have emerged in different periods of China's rural reform, have high academic literature value, and have made important contributions to the central government's determination to promote the reform of the rural land contracting system, transform agricultural production and rural development methods, introduce new development concepts, start ecological environmental protection projects, protect farmers' democratic rights, and safeguard farmers' economic interests. For example, a number of papers, such as "Outsourcing Production to Households is an Important Theoretical and Policy Issue" published in 1980 and "On Outsourcing Production to Household Production" published in 1981, have made important contributions to the central government's determination to promote the reform of the rural land contracting system. The article "The Yangtze River is in danger of becoming the second Yellow River" published in Guangming Daily in 1979 formed the first ecological awareness popularization activity in China's history from 1981 to 1982, and attracted great attention from the Party and the government, which led to the establishment and implementation of two major projects: "the first phase of the construction of the protective forest system in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River" and the "construction of key projects for water and soil conservation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River". At present, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the main contradiction in society has been transformed into a contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. This unbalanced and inadequate development is reflected in many aspects, but it is mainly concentrated in rural development. It can be said that the current imbalance between urban and rural development is a prominent manifestation of unbalanced development, and insufficient rural development is the greatest underdevelopment. In order to solve the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development in rural areas and achieve the strategic goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and building a modern and powerful socialist country, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization, emphasizing the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and accelerating the realization of agricultural and rural modernization. The great practice of rural revitalization has provided a broad space for the theoretical and policy research of "three rural areas", and agricultural and rural development has ushered in a new spring, and the Institute of Rural Development will make great achievements. Under the current new situation, we must conform to the requirements of the new era, respect the law of scientific development, persist in doing learning for the people, face the needs of the country and society, base ourselves on the broad vision of internationalization, take the study of major reforms and theoretical and policy issues in the field of "three rural areas" in our country as our own responsibility, carry forward the fine study style of going deep into the rural areas, paying attention to the peasants, seeking truth and being pragmatic, and pioneering and innovating, pay more attention to field investigation and research, comprehensively understand the situation of agriculture and rural areas and the voice of the peasants, produce more fine products and more talents, and truly "do learning on the rural land." Strive to build the Institute of Rural Development into a leading and internationally first-class national "three rural areas" research center, talent training base and a new high-end think tank integrating academic research, decision-making consultation, talent training, editing and publishing, make new and greater contributions to the prosperity and development of philosophy and social sciences in China, and create new brilliance of the Institute of Rural Development in the new era. Wei Houkai in Beijing on June 2, 2018（AI翻译）