20世纪50年代初期，农村私人借贷是农村金融体系的重要组成部分。农村私人借贷发生的主要原因是农村经济落后、家庭经济弱小，以及社会保障体系缺失和现代金融体系不发展。私人借贷主要发生在雇农、贫农和中农之间，主要表现为农户之间带有互助性质的自由借贷，它发生频率高，金额小，用途多样，还款灵活。农村私人借贷的开展，对于解决部分农民资金的“短缺”，恢复发展农村经济发挥了积极作用。与解放前（中华人民共和国成立前）相比，该时期农村私人借贷的形式较为简化，在粮食统购统销之前，农民之间以借贷实物为主；统购统销之后，以借贷货币为主。

随着国家银行业务在农村的延伸和农村信用社等现代金融组织的发展，在农村形成了私人借贷、国家农贷和农村信用社三者并存的乡村借贷体系，在新的借贷体系中，增加了农村资金的供给，在一定程度上满足了农民克服生活困难、发展家庭经济的需要，同时也压缩了民间高息借贷的活动空间，并使私人借贷利率呈下降的趋势。

关键词：20世纪50年代前期 乡村借贷 私人借贷 现代农村金融组织

In the early 50s of the 20th century, rural private lending was an important part of the rural financial system. The main reasons for the occurrence of rural private lending are the backwardness of the rural economy, the weak household economy, the lack of a social security system and the lack of development of a modern financial system. Private lending mainly occurs between hired farmers, poor farmers and middle farmers, mainly manifested as free lending with mutual aid between peasant households, which occurs frequently, has small amounts, has diverse uses, and is flexible in repayment. The development of private lending in rural areas has played a positive role in solving the "shortage" of funds for some peasants and restoring and developing the rural economy. Compared with before liberation (before the founding of the People's Republic of China), the form of private lending in rural areas during this period was relatively simplified, and before the unified purchase and marketing of grain, peasants mainly borrowed in kind. After unified purchase and unified sales, the lending currency is the mainstay. With the extension of the state's banking business in rural areas and the development of modern financial organizations such as rural credit cooperatives, a rural lending system in which private lending, state agricultural loans and rural credit cooperatives coexist has been formed in rural areas, and in the new lending system, the supply of rural funds has been increased, which to a certain extent meets the needs of peasants to overcome living difficulties and develop family economy, and at the same time reduces the activity space of private high-interest lending, and makes the interest rate of private lending show a downward trend. Keywords: early 50s of the 20th century rural lending private lending modern rural financial organization（AI翻译）