党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视精神文明建设，强调实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，物质财富要极大丰富，精神财富也要极大丰富，必须锲而不舍、一以贯之抓好社会主义精神文明建设。党的十八届五中全会《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议》对推动“两个文明”协调发展做出专门部署、提出明确要求，将精神文明建设推向更高水平。当前，在全面建成小康社会进入决胜阶段的关键时期，尤要重视精神文明建设对全面建成小康社会的助推作用。这是因为：就地位而言，精神文明建设从全面建成小康社会的条件逐渐演变为目标；就作用而言，精神文明建设为全面建成小康社会提供着意识统领、思想保障、道德滋养和文化条件。为此，本书以全面建成小康社会为背景，着重探讨社会主义精神文明的新内涵，既对我国精神文明建设的实践经验予以总结，又对社会主义精神文明内涵进行全面建构，不断为我国社会主义精神文明建设和全面建成小康社会注入新的生机活力，进而打造文化民生和文明共享的新格局。

一 当前精神文明建设亟须关注的问题

社会主义精神文明建设曾掀起过两次高潮：一次是“社会主义精神文明”概念首次出炉的改革伊始阶段，另一次是党的十四届六中全会通过《中共中央关于加强社会主义精神文明建设若干重要问题的决议》（以下简称《决议》）后的社会主义市场经济崭露头角阶段；一次为“从意识形态话语向大众话语的推进”，另一次为“从问题意识向价值追求的推进”。6393909党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视社会主义精神文明建设，党的十八届五中全会更是对推动“两个文明”的协调发展做了专门部署，标志着精神文明向更高水平跃升的新阶段已经到来。综观40年社会主义精神文明建设积累的成果，一个反映社会主义精神文明建设规律的理论体系正在逐步成熟，也预示着精神文明建设的实践日趋科学化，更显实效性。然而，这并不意味着已有的精神文明建设就百密而无一疏，其中仍存在进一步完善与发展的空间。

首先，社会主义精神文明研究自20世纪90年代中期后便呈大幅度下降趋势，大多数研究成果的主题过于宏观。从“社会主义精神文明”概念首次提出至今，学术界对精神文明展开了专门而深入的研究，但若进一步深究便可发现，上述研究成果大多集中于20世纪八九十年代，其观点基本上与二三十年前的社会发展和政治诉求相吻合。正如图1所示，有关精神文明的研究在90年代中期（《决议》通过前后）达到峰值之后便呈下降趋势，到2010年后几近沉寂。这一方面反映了学术界对热点问题的敏感度，另一方面也反映出有关精神文明的研究在近十多年的相对滞后性，已无法发挥它对改革的理论先导作用。同时，尽管以往的精神文明研究呈现出多重视角，如全球化视角、文化视角、市场经济视角、法治视角、人性视角、人物视角等，也不乏对精神文明建设专门问题的深度剖析，如精神文明的内涵、精神文明与物质文明的关系、精神文明建设的层次和特征、社会主义精神文明建设的重点和思路等，更有对社会主义精神文明建设体系进行全面而系统的构建，如钟克钊的《社会主义精神文明》、江流的《中国社会主义精神文明研究》、范英的《精神文明学论纲》等。但从大多数文献来看，宏观性、崇高性是其主旨与立意所在，对精神文明的研究不够细微、具体和亲民。一些学者依然沿袭了革命理想主义的风格，青睐宏大叙事的研究路向、自上而下的路径依赖，因而其选题、学说、视角过于宏观，带有明显的“高大上”色彩，给人以距离感、隔阂感，无法与人民群众的主体性、具体性要求有机融合，在一定程度上导致了理论的苍白性。

图1 近年来“精神文明建设”研究期刊发文量[中国知网（CNKI）]

其次，精神文明建设的现有理论尚不能完全适应改革进入深水区的发展需要。随着我国社会改革的深入进行，经济体制深刻变革、社会结构深刻变动、利益格局深刻调整、思想观念深刻变化，社会各方面的形势越来越复杂，如何构建与之相适应的精神文明，其结构、内容、特点、功能等究竟如何体现？这是一项摆在我们面前的十分重要的工作。在这个意义上，当代中国精神文明建设的研究必须与时俱进，立足全面建成小康社会的现实国情，吸纳党的十八大以来习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，实现理论创新与方法创新。比如如何为“共圆中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦”、构建人类命运共同体、超越“中等收入陷阱”提出富有建设性意义的理论创见。同时，伴随着我国社会改革进入深水区，社会价值观也处于剧烈变迁中。由价值取向多元化导致的若干负面的价值取向深深改变了人们的精神境界：从整体取向向个体取向的转变、从道义导向向利益导向的转变、从单一化价值取向向多元化价值取向的转化。极端自我的个人主义和利己主义妨碍了社会宽容心态的培育，实效至上的功利主义促使人们急功近利，对未来既充满了不切实际的幻想，更有着不知所措的迷茫和恐惧，精神家园失落。有鉴于此，如何使道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信融于社会主义精神文明建设的血脉，使之更富有时代性和时效性则属当务之急。

再次，精神文明建设内容的介说过于笼统、宏观，无法囊括深入细致、丰富具体以及最新发展的精神文明元素。关于精神文明具体内容的研究有“两个方面”说：思想道德建设和科学文化建设；“三个方面说”：知识方面的建设、思想道德方面的建设、世界观方面的建设；6393910“四个内容”说：思想理论建设、文化建设、道德建设和社会思潮；6393911“五个内容”说：理想信念层面、教育科学文化层面、道德建设层面、新闻宣传层面和党风教育层面；6393912“三大系统”说：教育系统、实践系统、养成系统6393913。在上述观点中，“两个方面”说是官方认可的主要观点，也是学术界的主流。这种设定无疑具有简单明了、容易理解且便于记忆等优点，但这两个方面的概括更多是提纲挈领式的表述，无法涵盖精神文明的丰富内容。况且，人类精神生产的成果不仅是丰富的，还会随着时代的变迁而生发出新的内容，这些都需要囊括进精神文明的体系。在大家认可的“两个方面”说中，思想道德建设无疑具有无可辩驳的纲领性、方针性，其思想性、先进性、科学性的政治诉求必须坚持。可现实生活却是具体的、微观的甚至是形而下的，它与每个现实主体的实际生活经历息息相关。纷繁芜杂的生活领域同样有着精神文明的诉求且有着自己相对独立的特质，诸如生产劳动中的工匠精神、创新创业中的进取意识、家风家训的和谐伦理、共产党人革命瑰宝的红色文化、少数民族地区的特色文化、人民群众的日常生活理念、网络空间的文明准则等。将这些内容纳入精神文明体系，既是社会主义精神文明建设落实落细落小的大众化、民主化诉求，又是具体生活领域接受并认同社会主义精神文明的自主选择。

最后，精神文明偏重于政治话语，缺乏自身特色的话语体系。精神文明概念的提出本就带有强烈的政治使命，无论是“没有这种精神文明，没有共产主义思想，没有共产主义道德，怎么能建设社会主义”6393914的反问，还是“任何时候都不能以牺牲精神文明为代价换取经济的一时的发展”6393915的警示，以及“必须把社会主义核心价值体系建设融入国民教育、精神文明建设、党的建设全过程”6393916的思路，都无不在说明我国精神文明建设是自上而下推动的路径依赖，反映出执政者对西方颜色革命、资产阶级自由化思想的警惕以及对社会主义道路的坚定信念，因而精神文明建设往往着重于号召式、宣传式的政治话语，突出社会主义意识形态的地位，采用单向的、正面的灌输式的教育方式。这是根本的也是必需的，是中国特色社会主义道路的必由之路。但问题的关键在于，作为人类精神生产的发展水平及其积极成果的体现，精神文明除了具有意识形态的属性之外，还应当包括非意识形态属性的部分；除了蕴含浓郁政治色彩的官方话语之外，还应当有反映精神生长逻辑及规律的民间话语；除了自上而下的顶层设计之外，还需要自下而上的大众参与。精神文明作为人类文明和社会进步的重要标尺，除了必要的政治意识形态内容之外，还应当涵盖作为主体的人的多种精神表征，诸如公民素养、民族精神、家庭伦理、日常生活理念。由于人的存在状况的方式、维度、领域等方面的具体性以及主体精神生活的层次性，所表现出来的精神文明的程度以及建设的着眼点自然呈现出多样性。这也就决定了精神文明具有其内在的逻辑构成和层次结构，需要进行深入细致的研究。

二 当前精神文明建设的基本理路

由上可知，精神文明是一个社会精神发展的总体面貌，应当把它作为一个完整的体系来加以考察，其构成不是精神现象的机械相加，不是文化发展的理论拼盘，而是呈现出严谨的构成逻辑。以中国特色社会主义和全面建成小康社会作为现实背景的当代中国精神文明建设的理路表现在以下几个方面。

（一）公民素养是精神文明的逻辑前提

一方面，公民是社会主义精神文明建设的主体力量和具体目标。重视与推进精神文明建设的根本目的始终也只能是更好地捍卫公民的尊严，促进公民的发展，增进公民的幸福。公民的尊严、发展与幸福既是精神文明建设的价值基础，也是系统评判社会主义精神文明建设成败得失的价值准绳。另一方面，精神文明建设的领导主体是党和政府，建设主体则是公民。申言之，公民素养之高低直接决定了精神文明建设之成败。新时代，通过各种途径培育公民具备如下素养显得尤为必要与重要：以坚守政治原则、捍卫思想立场、坚定价值立场为主要内容的政治立场素养；以公共利益、自主、理性与负责为主要内容的公共理性素养；以语言素质、决断能力、自省能力与论证能力为主要内容的交往能力素养，以及以尊重、仁爱、包容与得体为主要内容的公民礼仪素养。

（二）伦理道德是精神文明的核心内涵

人类自身是物质存在、精神存在和道德存在的有机统一。其中道德存在是人最深层、最本质的存在，人类唯有在道德存在中才能找寻到人类社会作为一个整体而非个体的价值基础。人类自身所独有的道德存在方式决定了伦理道德是精神文明的核心内容。“现代中国社会虽然饱经欧风美雨的激荡，但伦理型的文化没有改变……伦理道德路径依然是人们处理人际关系和安身立命的首选。”6393917当下伦理道德建设应当从人们道德认知的基本规律入手，从道德心理的生发机制介入，从道德失范产生的现实根源出发，既要积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，倡导共产党人的道德境界，也要注重最基本的、合乎律令的公民道德；既要注重伦理道德的一般性原则，也要将伦理道德具体化、领域化，强化社会公德、职业道德、家庭伦理建设的有效性；既要坚持健康伦理风尚、伦理环境的构建，也要强调个人品德向更高层次的提升，不断为全面建成小康社会提供丰厚的道德滋养，营造良好的道德风尚。

（三）法治精神是精神文明的实践诉求

党的十八届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》明确提出，坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合，国家和社会治理需要法律的规范和道德的教化共同发挥作用，实现法治和德治相得益彰。这必然需要确立和弘扬法治精神。法治精神是依法治国的精神性存在，包含人本的情怀、公平的原则、正义的诉求、协商的意愿、宽容的心境、平等的愿景、自由的境界、守法的意识和共享的旨归等精神理念。这些理念不仅是我们实现依法治国的重要价值原则，而且作为小康社会的基础性价值规范融入精神文明的内容和体系之中，在一定意义上构成了精神文明实现的观念保障，并内化为精神文明的新内涵。小康社会必然是法治社会，而社会主体在法治精神方面的情感寄托、价值认同、态度取向和自觉意识，乃是推动全面建成小康社会的精神支柱和文化动力。这是因为，培育公民法治精神有利于增强公民的法律意识，提升公民的法律素养和形成法治教育新常态，促进公民真正尊法、守法、用法和护法，同时也会为国家科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、完善法律治理奠定良好的观念基础。

（四）意识形态是精神文明建设的政治保证

“一个国家，一个民族，要同心同德迈向前进，必须有共同的理想信念作支撑。”6393918中国特色社会主义的共同理想、社会主义意识形态是社会主义精神文明建设根本的、重要的内容，这是不能动摇的。在精神文明的框架中，主流价值观和国家意识形态处于精神文明结构体系的顶层，具有崇高性的特质。这种崇高性的价值取向必然在精神文明的发展和建设中起到统领作用，其发展、变化、性质、特征对精神文明起着至关重要的作用。鉴于此，亟须增强国家的文化软实力，掌控意识形态话语权，维护处于最高层面的主流意识形态的安全，研究其建设方略，以抵御非主流意识形态的干扰和渗透。以意识形态为统领方向确保我国精神文明建设的社会主义性质，将是当前精神文明建设不容忽视的内容。

（五）日常生活理念是精神文明的基础层次

日常生活理念作为日常生活的精神凝结，同样属于精神文明的体系，而且是最基础的精神文明形态。它一方面反映了主体在人类生活基本领域的精神面貌，为伦理道德、意识形态等其他精神文明形态提供了基石和养料；另一方面作为感性材料对精神文明进行更高层次的调整、改造及升华提供现实素材。这是人类文明得以薪火不断、层层递进的物质保障。人们对闲暇时间的支配、对生活日用品的购买、对交往对象的选择、对家庭关系的处理等方面表现出来的观念和立场往往具有较强的个体任性且庸常平凡，有着将人异化为物的危险。因而，日常生活理念必然存在着文明化的必要性，需要社会主义核心价值观对大众日常生活这一微观世界的嵌入。对大众日常生活理念的观照及引领，将会在社会主义精神文明与大众生活之间搭建对话的桥梁。这既是社会主义精神文明摒弃形式主义，加强理论亲和力和渗透力的主动调适，也是大众生活理念超越褊狭、平庸、任性，迈向社会主义新风尚的垒土之台。

（六）红色文化是精神文明的动力支持

红色文化在一定意义上是“中国共产党波澜壮阔的革命史、艰苦卓绝的奋斗史、可歌可泣的英雄史”6393919。它不仅是中国共产党领导核心地位的历史见证，也是理解中国特色社会主义道路的一把钥匙。因而，红色文化与社会主义精神文明具有历史与逻辑的相关性，它为后者增添了革命的底色并为立党治国注入了灵魂。红色文化凝聚了中国共产党的理想信念，传承了中华民族的爱国主义传统，记载了中国社会主义从无到有、从星星之火到蓬勃发展的历程，寄托了人民群众的民族独立、国富民强的热切期望，体现了劳动人民的智慧，其气质、品质、精神在当今中国依然有着强烈的时空穿透力。我们面临着如何使作为红色文化发源地的革命老区脱贫致富，使红色经典的魅力焕发新颜，使红色旗帜在市场的大潮中飘扬，使红色基因得以遗传的时代使命，从而使精神文明不丢失革命底色与精神动力。

（七）家风家训是精神文明建设的主要载体

家庭是社会的细胞，也是人们安身立命的基地和精神家园。家庭的建规立约不仅关系着家庭的兴衰存亡，而且作为国之根本会在一定程度上制约着国家的长治久安。家规是有形的规范，是家风的基础；家风是无形的精神，是家规的灵魂，它融入家庭成员的血脉，成为家庭之间相区别的伦理标识。“历代家训的作者均要求子孙树立以仁为核心，以礼为形式的理想社会；要求子孙身体力行仁、义、礼、智、信、忠、恕、孝、悌等理念，以此为生活信条、处世哲学、审美情趣、为学方法。”6393920《颜氏家训》《训俭示康》等古代著名家训中蕴含的做人之道、处世原则、生命智慧至今依然对后世有着启迪意义，但应剥离其宗法等级制度的内容，使之进行现代性的转化。家规与国法，家风与党风、民风，家庭伦理与现代民主精神的契合，是社会主义精神文明在家庭这一重要载体中的具体落实。

（八）语言文明是精神文明建设的直接表现

“当个体接受、掌握一种语言和话语时，也就相应地与凝结于其中的文化传统、价值观念、思维方式等发生了联系。”6393921凭借语言，人类的思维活动方可对象化，才能在物质生产实践以及社会性活动中探寻真理、针砭时弊、赏善罚恶、播撒文明。无论是语音的切分、语法的结构，还是语义的样式，抑或语用的情景，都能发现蕴含其中的知识系统、道德系统、审美系统，进而透析精神文明的内在价值和意义。一个国家的语言是一个国家文明的记载，也是一个民族文化的精粹，更是这个国家、民族自尊心、自信心、自豪感的源泉。在后现代、全球化、网络化时代，中华民族的语言面临着各种挑战，语言的碎片化、语意的歧义化、语法的混乱性以及地方语言的遗失化等带来了语言生态的紊乱，有必要从国家政策的层面推进语言的文明化、现代化，用正确的词语捍卫中华文明，用优美的语言启迪人们的心灵，用充满人情温度的语句来构建和谐的人际关系，用包含正气的话语系统彰显中国的软实力。

三 新时代社会主义精神文明的建设原则

首先，坚持以人为本，实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益，是精神文明建设的根本出发点和落脚点。人民群众是文明的创造者，也应当是文明的享有者。经历了40年的改革实践，中国的物质文明既有量的积累也有质的跃升，人民群众享受改革发展成果的可能性有了更为坚实的物质前提。与此同时，人民群众对精神文明的需求与日俱增且要求更高。“幸福感”“获得感”等主观感受不再单纯是物质生活指标的简单表达，亦包含着人民群众对精神文化产品供给状况的主观诉求，包含着人民群众对风清气正、重德尚义的伦理秩序以及自由平等、公正法治的社会制度的殷切期望。这些既是社会主义精神文明的客观保障，又必须使人民群众通过教化及习得而转化为自身的精神力量，最终成长为具有现代化意识的人。正如英格尔斯所说：“人的现代化是国家现代化不可缺少的因素，它并不是现代化过程结束后的副产品，而是现代化制度与经济赖以长期发展并取得成功的先决条件。”6393922对人民群众进行现代生活观念的教导、科学精神的培养、民主法治观念的培育，对人民群众进行社会主义伦理道德的熏陶、社会主义共同理想的引导，是符合人民群众利益的明智之举，它反过来亦会增强中国特色社会主义现代化的质感和丰润度。

其次，实现物质文明与精神文明更高水平的辩证统一和动态平衡。改革开放之初，“两手抓，两手都要硬”就被确立为我国现代化建设的一个根本方针，它在保障改革大业的顺利进行、确保改革的社会主义方向的过程中发挥了重要功能。但不容否认的是，“两手都要硬”在过去40年的历史中并没有达到真正的平衡。与可见的物质文明相比，隐性、内在的精神文明自然显得相对孱弱，诸如此类的“代价论”“无用论”由之甚嚣尘上，曾一度颇有市场。因为在GDP的逻辑中，精神文明因无法量化而失去了话语权，贪污腐败、道德滑坡、理想缺失、娱乐至上等负效应却因经济增长的凯歌高进而被视作“理所应当”。这种杀鸡取卵式的做法无疑是极为短视与片面的。精神文明一旦滞后于物质文明或被作为代价偿付出去，物质文明的大厦终将倾覆。在全面建成小康社会时期，物质文明与精神文明之间的步履一致具有了现实的可能性，发展成果由人民共享的新使命对人民群众的思想境界、道德水平、文明程度提出了更高的要求，也对国家的治理能力和社会的建设能力提出了更高的要求。共享的精神、人本的情怀、平等的意识、公正的理念、友爱的德目、宽容的品性、民主的诉求、廉洁的官德、治理的期望等价值理念既是精神文明建设的成果，更是精神文明与物质文明走向动态平衡的观念保障。

再次，弘扬时代精神，创新内容与方法，增强社会主义精神文明建设的活力。如前所述，原有的精神文明建设虽取得了较为丰富的成就，但近十年来的研究相对式微，现有的理论已不能满足时代进步的需要。特别是当中国取得世界第二大经济体的地位之后，国民的精神贫穷、精神贫乏、精神贫困、精神贫瘠等现象并没有因此而销声匿迹，反而在一定程度上有加重之势，这不可避免地影响了中国在国际上的声望。由之，我们应该把握时代的脉搏，将全面建设小康社会的文化内涵、信息化网络化的时代意蕴、全球化的价值共识纳入精神文明建设之中，使之在坚持社会主义本质特征的基础上融合现代性、信息科学的元素，从而在时代的交响曲中发出最美妙的谐音。这就意味着以往精神文明建设的内容与方法要与时俱进，比如原有的那种“两大板块”的内容需要更为细致而专门化的科学论证，社会主义核心价值观需要深入社会生活的方方面面进而能以接地气的方式发挥对人民群众精神生活的引领作用，根据市场经济条件下的人格类型因势利导地培育推行社会主义道德教育，运用网络化技术、自媒体等手段创新马克思主义理论的传播方式，把握国民尤其是青少年的年龄特征从而实现传统的灌输方法与现代以人为本方法的整合，等等。总之，当人们破除对社会主义精神文明建设刻板化、教条化、严肃化的疏离感，主动将精神文明的崇高性、先进性要求融入自己的具体生活领域之中，自觉实践符合社会主义本质与现实生活规律的具体化文明法则，文明的素养、健全的人格、高尚的情操才不会是一句空话。

最后，传承中华文脉，弘扬中国精神，推动中华文化走向现代化。近年来，中国的和平崛起引起了国外学者对中华文明的重新审视，有关中国模式、中国道路、中国文明的争论不断。无论是布热津斯基断言中国模式将会被其他发展中国家“看成是个越来越有吸引力的替代选择模式”6393923，还是马丁·雅克的“中国的崛起对世界不是威胁”6393924，都表明西方学者对中华文明、中国精神的独特性和影响力的重视。但是国外学者对中华文明的观点是以“西方中心论”展开的，其中不乏偏见和误读。更有甚者，一些西方学者的观点中隐藏着以鼓吹中华文明复兴之名行“捧杀中国”之实的险恶用心。认清国外学者对中国精神文明态度的真实面目以及西方社会对中国以或隐或显的方式兜售的各种意识形态战略，我们需要的是坚定文化自信，用文化软实力构筑中国的核心竞争力。中国传统文化作为华夏儿女的基因、血脉，是中华民族伟大复兴的精神滋养，具有无可改变的先在性。对中国传统文化的传承与复兴，需要将传统文化的精髓纳入我们的灵魂之中，吟诵平仄韵律、躬行礼乐经典、强化国学推广并不在于形式的复制，而在于对传统文化基因的坚守与发扬，使之绽放出无限的活力。中国传统文化凝聚了中华民族共同的情感与理想，它的重新崛起、伟大复兴汇集了全民族的共同呼声，守住本根又与时俱进，海纳百川而又不妄自菲薄，以更多形式锻铸充满中华神韵的作品，让中国好故事走出国门、中国好声音深入人心，是社会主义精神文明建设的使命。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has attached great importance to the construction of spiritual civilization, emphasizing that to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, material wealth and spiritual wealth must also be greatly abundant, and we must persevere and consistently grasp the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee's "Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" made special arrangements and put forward clear requirements for promoting the coordinated development of the "two civilizations" and pushing the building of spiritual civilization to a higher level. At present, in the crucial period when the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way has entered the decisive stage, we should pay special attention to the role of spiritual civilization in promoting the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. This is because: in terms of status, the construction of spiritual civilization has gradually evolved from a condition for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way to a goal; As far as its role is concerned, the building of spiritual civilization provides ideological leadership, ideological guarantee, moral nourishment and cultural conditions for the comprehensive building of a moderately prosperous society. To this end, this book focuses on the new connotation of socialist spiritual civilization against the background of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, not only summarizing the practical experience of China's spiritual civilization construction, but also comprehensively constructing the connotation of socialist spiritual civilization, and constantly injecting new vitality into the construction of China's socialist spiritual civilization and the comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society, and then creating a new pattern of cultural and people's livelihood and civilization sharing. The building of socialist spiritual civilization has set off two upsurges: one was the beginning of reform when the concept of "socialist spiritual civilization" was first released, and the other was the stage when the socialist market economy emerged after the Sixth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the Resolution of the CPC Central Committee on Several Important Issues Concerning Strengthening the Construction of Socialist Spiritual Civilization (hereinafter referred to as the "Resolution"); One is "the advancement from ideological discourse to the mass discourse", and the other is "the advancement from problem consciousness to value pursuit". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China 6393909, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has attached great importance to the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee has made special arrangements for promoting the coordinated development of the "two civilizations", marking the arrival of a new stage of spiritual civilization leaping to a higher level. Looking at the achievements accumulated over the past 40 years of socialist spiritual civilization construction, a theoretical system that reflects the law of socialist spiritual civilization construction is gradually maturing, which also indicates that the practice of spiritual civilization construction is becoming increasingly scientific and more effective. However, this does not mean that the existing spiritual civilization construction is incomplete, and there is still room for further improvement and development. First of all, the study of socialist spiritual civilization has shown a sharp decline since the mid-90s of the 20th century, and the topics of most research results are too macroscopic. Since the concept of "socialist spiritual civilization" was first proposed, the academic community has carried out special and in-depth research on spiritual civilization, but if we dig deeper, we can find that most of the above research results are concentrated in the eighties and nineties of the 20th century, and their views are basically consistent with the social development and political demands of twenty or thirty years ago. As Figure 1 shows, research on spiritual civilization peaked in the mid-90s (around the adoption of the Resolution) and then declined almost silent after 2010. On the one hand, this reflects the sensitivity of the academic community to hot issues, and on the other hand, it also reflects the relative lag of research on spiritual civilization in the past ten years, and it can no longer play its theoretical leading role in reform. At the same time, although the previous research on spiritual civilization presented multiple perspectives, such as the perspective of globalization, culture, market economy, rule of law, human nature, and characters, there was no lack of in-depth analysis of special issues in the construction of spiritual civilization, such as the connotation of spiritual civilization, the relationship between spiritual civilization and material civilization, the level and characteristics of spiritual civilization construction, the focus and ideas of socialist spiritual civilization construction, etc., and there was also a comprehensive and systematic construction of the socialist spiritual civilization construction system, such as Zhong Kezhao's " Socialist Spiritual Civilization", Jiang Liu's "Research on Socialist Spiritual Civilization in China", Fan Ying's "Outline of Spiritual Civilization", etc. However, judging from most literature, macroscopic and sublime nature is its main purpose and intention, and the study of spiritual civilization is not subtle, specific and close to the people. Some scholars still follow the style of revolutionary idealism, favoring the research direction of grand narratives and top-down path dependence, so their topics, theories, and perspectives are too macroscopic, with obvious "high" colors, giving people a sense of distance and estrangement, and cannot be organically integrated with the subjectivity and concrete requirements of the masses, which to a certain extent leads to the paleness of theory. Figure 1 Number of publications in recent journals on "Spiritual Civilization Construction" [CNKI] Second, the existing theories on the construction of spiritual civilization cannot fully meet the development needs of reform into deep water areas. With the deepening of China's social reform, profound changes in the economic system, profound changes in the social structure, profound changes in the pattern of interests, and profound changes in ideology and concepts, the situation in all aspects of society is becoming more and more complex. This is a very important task before us. In this sense, the research on the construction of spiritual civilization in contemporary China must keep pace with the times, base on the actual national conditions of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, absorb Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and achieve theoretical and methodological innovation. For example, how to put forward constructive theoretical ideas for "realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation", building a community with a shared future for mankind, and transcending the "middle-income trap". At the same time, with China's social reform entering the deep water area, social values are also in the process of drastic changes. Several negative value orientations caused by the diversification of value orientations have profoundly changed people's spiritual realm: the transformation from the overall orientation to the individual orientation, the transformation from the moral orientation to the interest orientation, and the transformation from the single value orientation to the diversified value orientation. Extreme ego individualism and egoism hinder the cultivation of social tolerance, and utilitarianism that puts pragmatism first encourages people to rush for quick results, full of unrealistic fantasies about the future, but also overwhelmed confusion and fear, and the loss of spiritual home. In view of this, how to integrate self-confidence in the road, theory, system and culture into the bloodline of socialist spiritual civilization construction and make it more contemporary and time-sensitive is an urgent task at the moment. Third, the introduction of the content of spiritual civilization construction is too general and macroscopic, and cannot include in-depth and meticulous, rich and specific elements of spiritual civilization as well as the latest development. The study of the specific content of spiritual civilization has "two aspects": ideological and moral construction and scientific and cultural construction; "Three aspects said": the construction of knowledge, ideology and morality, and the construction of world outlook; 6393910 "four contents" said: ideological and theoretical construction, cultural construction, moral construction, and social ideological trends; 6393911 the "five contents" said: ideals and beliefs, education, science and culture, moral construction, news and propaganda, and party style education; 6393912 the "three major systems" said: education system, practice system, cultivation system, 6393913. Among the above views, the "two aspects" theory is the main officially recognized view, and it is also the mainstream of academia. This setting undoubtedly has the advantages of simplicity and clarity, easy to understand and easy to remember, but the generalization of these two aspects is more of an outline-style expression, which cannot cover the rich content of spiritual civilization. Moreover, the fruits of human spiritual production are not only rich, but also produce new content with the changes of the times, which need to be included in the system of spiritual civilization. In the "two aspects" theory recognized by everyone, ideological and moral construction undoubtedly has an irrefutable programmatic and principled nature, and its ideological, advanced, and scientific political demands must be upheld. But real life is concrete, microscopic and even metaphysical, and it is closely related to the actual life experience of each real subject. The various fields of life also have the demands of spiritual civilization and have their own relatively independent characteristics, such as the craftsman spirit in production and labor, the enterprising consciousness in innovation and entrepreneurship, the harmonious ethics of family style and family discipline, the red culture of the revolutionary treasure of the communists, the characteristic culture of ethnic minority areas, the daily life concept of the people, and the civilized norms of cyberspace. Incorporating these contents into the spiritual civilization system is not only a demand for popularization and democratization in the implementation of socialist spiritual civilization construction, but also an independent choice to accept and agree with socialist spiritual civilization in specific areas of life. Finally, spiritual civilization focuses on political discourse and lacks a discourse system with its own characteristics. Whether it is the rhetorical question of "how can social 6393914 ism be built without this spiritual civilization, communist ideology, and communist morality", or the warning of the 6393915 that "at no time can we sacrifice spiritual civilization in exchange for temporary economic development", and the idea that "the construction of the socialist core value system must be integrated into the whole process of national education, spiritual civilization construction, and party building 6393916", All of them show that the construction of spiritual civilization in our country is a path dependence promoted from top to bottom, reflecting the vigilance of the ruling party against the Western color revolution and bourgeois liberalization ideology and the firm belief in the socialist road, so the construction of spiritual civilization often focuses on call-to-action, propaganda-style political discourse, highlights the status of socialist ideology, and adopts a one-way and positive indoctrination education method. This is fundamental and necessary, and is the only way to take the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. But the crux of the matter is that as the embodiment of the level of development of human spiritual production and its positive results, spiritual civilization, in addition to having ideological attributes, should also include non-ideological attributes; In addition to official discourse with strong political overtones, there should also be folk discourse that reflects the logic and law of spiritual growth; In addition to top-down top-level design, bottom-up public participation is required. As an important yardstick for human civilization and social progress, spiritual civilization, in addition to the necessary political and ideological content, should also cover a variety of spiritual characteristics of people as subjects, such as civic literacy, national spirit, family ethics, and daily life concepts. Due to the specificity of the way, dimension, field and other aspects of human existence and the level of the subject's spiritual life, the degree of spiritual civilization and the focus of construction naturally show diversity. This also determines that spiritual civilization has its inherent logical composition and hierarchy, which requires in-depth and meticulous study. 2. The basic rationale for the current construction of spiritual civilization shows that spiritual civilization is the overall face of the spiritual development of a society, and it should be examined as a complete system; its composition is not the mechanical addition of spiritual phenomena, not a theoretical platter of cultural development, but presents a rigorous composition logic. The rational path of building spiritual civilization in contemporary China with socialism with Chinese characteristics and the comprehensive building of a moderately prosperous society as the actual background is manifested in the following aspects. (1) Civic literacy is the logical premise of spiritual civilization, on the one hand, citizens are the main force and specific goal of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. The fundamental purpose of attaching importance to and promoting the building of spiritual civilization has always been and can only be to better safeguard the dignity of citizens, promote their development, and enhance their happiness. The dignity, development and happiness of citizens are not only the value foundation of the construction of spiritual civilization, but also the value yardstick for systematically judging the success or failure of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. On the other hand, the leading body of spiritual civilization construction is the party and the government, and the main body of construction is citizens. In other words, the level of civic literacy directly determines the success or failure of the building of spiritual civilization. In the new era, it is particularly necessary and important to cultivate the following qualities of citizens through various means: political literacy with adherence to political principles, defense of ideological positions, and firm value positions as the main content; Public rationality literacy with public interest, autonomy, rationality and responsibility as the main content; Communication literacy with language quality, decision-making ability, self-reflection ability and argumentation ability as the main content, and civic etiquette literacy with respect, benevolence, tolerance and propriety as the main content. (2) Ethics and morality are the core connotation of spiritual civilization, and human beings themselves are the organic unity of material, spiritual and moral existence. Among them, moral existence is the deepest and most essential existence of human beings, and only in moral existence can human beings find the value basis of human society as a whole rather than individuals. The unique way of moral existence of human beings determines that ethics and morality are the core content of spiritual civilization. "Although modern Chinese society has suffered from the turmoil of European wind and rain, the ethical culture has not changed... The ethical and moral path is still the first choice for people to deal with interpersonal relationships and settle down. "6393917 the current construction of ethics and morality should start from the basic laws of people's moral cognition, intervene from the germination mechanism of moral psychology, and start from the actual root cause of moral aberrations, not only actively cultivate and practice the core socialist values, advocate the moral realm of communists, but also pay attention to the most basic and lawful civic morality; It is necessary to pay attention to the general principles of ethics and morality, and also to concretize and fieldize ethics and morality, and strengthen the effectiveness of social morality, professional ethics, and family ethics; It is necessary not only to adhere to the construction of health ethics and ethical environment, but also to emphasize the improvement of personal morality to a higher level, and constantly provide rich moral nourishment for the comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society, and create a good moral custom. (3) The spirit of rule of law is the practical appeal of spiritual civilization, and the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Promoting the Rule of Law adopted by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly states that adhering to the combination of governing the country according to law and governing the country with ethics, the governance of the country and society requires the regulation of law and the indoctrination of morality to play a role together, so as to realize that the rule of law and the rule of ethics complement each other. This necessarily requires the establishment and promotion of the spirit of the rule of law. The spirit of rule of law is the spiritual existence of governing the country according to law, including humanistic feelings, the principle of fairness, the demand for justice, the willingness to negotiate, the state of tolerance, the vision of equality, the realm of freedom, the consciousness of law-abiding and the shared purpose. These concepts are not only important value principles for us to realize the rule of law, but also are integrated into the content and system of spiritual civilization as the basic value norms of a moderately prosperous society, constituting the conceptual guarantee for the realization of spiritual civilization in a certain sense, and internalizing them into the new connotation of spiritual civilization. A moderately prosperous society is bound to be a society ruled by law, and the emotional sustenance, value identity, attitude orientation and conscious awareness of social subjects in the spirit of the rule of law are the spiritual pillars and cultural driving force for promoting the comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society. This is because cultivating citizens' spirit of rule of law is conducive to enhancing citizens' legal awareness, improving citizens' legal literacy and forming a new normal of rule of law education, promoting citizens to truly respect the law, abide by the law, use the law and protect the law, and at the same time lay a good conceptual foundation for the country's scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, fair administration of justice, and improvement of legal governance. (4) Ideology is the political guarantee for the construction of spiritual civilization: "If a country and a nation want to advance with one heart and one mind, they must be supported by common ideals and beliefs. "6393918 the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics and socialist ideology are the fundamental and important contents of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, and this cannot be shaken. In the framework of spiritual civilization, mainstream values and state ideology are at the top of the structural system of spiritual civilization and have lofty characteristics. This lofty value orientation will inevitably play a guiding role in the development and construction of spiritual civilization, and its development, change, nature and characteristics will play a vital role in spiritual civilization. In view of this, it is urgent to strengthen the country's cultural soft power, control the power of ideological discourse, maintain the security of mainstream ideology at the highest level, and study its construction strategy to resist the interference and infiltration of non-mainstream ideology. Taking ideology as the guiding direction to ensure the socialist nature of China's spiritual civilization construction will be the content that cannot be ignored in the current spiritual civilization construction. (5) The concept of daily life is the basic level of spiritual civilization, and the concept of daily life, as the spiritual condensation of daily life, also belongs to the system of spiritual civilization, and is the most basic form of spiritual civilization. On the one hand, it reflects the spiritual outlook of the subject in the basic field of human life, and provides the cornerstone and nourishment for other forms of spiritual civilization such as ethics and morality, ideology, etc.; On the other hand, as a perceptual material, it provides realistic materials for the higher level adjustment, transformation and sublimation of spiritual civilization. This is the material guarantee for human civilization to be continuously and progressively advanced. People's perceptions and positions on the domination of leisure time, the purchase of daily necessities, the choice of social partners, and the handling of family relations often have strong individual willfulness and ordinary ordinary, and there is a danger of alienating people into things. Therefore, there is inevitably a need for civilization in the concept of daily life, and it is necessary to embed the core values of socialism in the microcosm of the daily life of the masses. Observing and guiding the concept of daily life of the masses will build a bridge of dialogue between socialist spiritual civilization and public life. This is not only the active adjustment of socialist spiritual civilization to abandon formalism and strengthen theoretical affinity and penetration, but also the platform for the concept of mass life to transcend narrowness, mediocrity, and willfulness and move towards a new trend of socialism. (6) Red culture is the driving force of spiritual civilization, and in a certain sense, red culture is a 6393919 "the magnificent revolutionary history of the Communist Party of China, the history of arduous struggle, and the heroic history that can be sung and wept". It is not only a historical witness of the leadership core of the Communist Party of China, but also a key to understanding the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, the red culture has a historical and logical correlation with the socialist spiritual civilization, which adds a revolutionary background to the latter and injects soul into the establishment of the party and the country. The red culture embodies the ideals and beliefs of the Communist Party of China, inherits the patriotic tradition of the Chinese nation, records the course of China's socialism from scratch, from a spark to a vigorous development, pins on the people's ardent expectations for national independence, national prosperity and strength, embodies the wisdom of the working people, and its temperament, quality and spirit still have a strong penetrating power in time and space in China today. We are faced with the mission of the times of how to shake off poverty and become rich in the old revolutionary areas that are the birthplace of red culture, renew the charm of red classics, make the red flag fly in the tide of the market, and enable red genes to be inherited, so that spiritual civilization will not lose its revolutionary background and spiritual power. (7) Family style and family training are the main carrier of spiritual civilization construction, and the family is the cell of society, as well as the base and spiritual home for people to settle down and live. The establishment of the family is not only related to the survival of the family, but also restricts the long-term peace and stability of the country to a certain extent. House rules are tangible norms and the basis of family style; Family style is an invisible spirit, the soul of family rules, which is integrated into the blood of family members and becomes an ethical mark that distinguishes families from each other. "The authors of successive generations of family mottos have asked their descendants to establish an ideal society with benevolence as the core and etiquette as the form; Children and grandchildren are required to practice the concepts of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faithfulness, loyalty, forgiveness, filial piety, and obedience, and take this as a life creed, a philosophy of dealing with the world, an aesthetic taste, and a method of learning. "6393920 the way of being a man, the principles of dealing with the world, and the wisdom of life contained in the famous ancient family disciplines such as "Yan's Family Training" and "Discipline and Thrift and Shikang" are still of enlightening significance to future generations, but the content of their patriarchal hierarchy should be stripped away and transformed into modernity. The compatibility between family rules and national law, family style with party style and people's style, and family ethics with the spirit of modern democracy is the concrete implementation of socialist spiritual civilization in the important carrier of the family. (8) Language civilization is a direct manifestation of the construction of spiritual civilization "When an individual accepts and masters a language and discourse, it is correspondingly related to the cultural traditions, values, and ways of thinking condensed in it. "6393921 only by relying on language can human thinking activities be objectified, so that we can explore the truth, needle the shortcomings of the times, reward good and punish evil, and sow civilization in material production practices and social activities. Whether it is the segmentation of speech, the structure of grammar, the style of semantics, or the pragmatic situation, we can discover the knowledge system, moral system, and aesthetic system contained in it, and then analyze the intrinsic value and meaning of spiritual civilization. A country's language is a record of a country's civilization, the essence of a nation's culture, and the source of self-esteem, self-confidence and pride for the country and the nation. In the postmodern, globalized and networked era, the language of the Chinese nation is facing various challenges, the fragmentation of language, the ambiguity of semantics, the confusion of grammar and the loss of local languages have brought about the disorder of language ecology, it is necessary to promote the civilization and modernization of language from the level of national policies, defend Chinese civilization with correct words, enlighten people's hearts with beautiful language, build harmonious interpersonal relationships with sentences full of human warmth, and demonstrate China's soft power with a discourse system containing righteousness. III. The principle of building socialist spiritual civilization in the new era is, first of all, adhering to the people-oriented principle and satisfactorily realizing, safeguarding, and developing the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people is the fundamental starting point and foothold of the building of spiritual civilization. The masses of the people are the creators of civilization and should also be the holders of civilization. After 40 years of reform practice, China's material civilization has both accumulated quantity and made a qualitative leap, and the possibility for the people to enjoy the fruits of reform and development has a more solid material prerequisite. At the same time, the people's demand for spiritual civilization is increasing day by day and the requirements are higher. Subjective feelings such as "happiness" and "sense of gain" are no longer simply the simple expression of material life indicators, but also contain the subjective demands of the people for the supply of spiritual and cultural products, and contain the people's ardent expectations for a clean and upright ethical order, morality and righteousness, and a social system of freedom, equality, justice and rule of law. These are not only the objective guarantee of socialist spiritual civilization, but also must enable the masses of the people to transform themselves into their own spiritual strength through indoctrination and acquisition, and eventually grow into people with a sense of modernization. As Ingalls said: "The modernization of people is an indispensable factor in the modernization of the country, which is not a by-product of the end of the modernization process, but a prerequisite for the long-term development and success of the modern system and economy." "6393922 teaching the masses of people about modern life, cultivating the scientific spirit, cultivating the concept of democracy and rule of law, edifying the masses of socialist ethics and morality, and guiding the common ideals of socialism is a wise move in the interests of the masses of the people, which in turn will enhance the texture and richness of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics." Second, achieve a higher level of dialectical unity and dynamic balance between material civilization and spiritual civilization. At the beginning of reform and opening up, "grasping with both hands and attaching equal importance to both" was established as a fundamental principle for China's modernization drive, and it played an important role in the process of ensuring the smooth progress of the great cause of reform and ensuring the socialist orientation of reform. But it is undeniable that "both hands" has not reached a true balance in the past 40 years of history. Compared with visible material civilization, hidden and internal spiritual civilization naturally appears relatively weak, and such "cost theory" and "uselessness theory" are very popular and once quite marketable. Because in the logic of GDP, spiritual civilization loses its right to speak because it cannot be quantified, and negative effects such as corruption, moral decline, lack of ideals, and entertainment supremacy are regarded as "taken for granted" because of the triumphant high level of economic growth. This practice of killing chickens and collecting eggs is undoubtedly extremely short-sighted and one-sided. Once spiritual civilization lags behind material civilization or is paid for as a price, the edifice of material civilization will eventually collapse. In the period of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, the convergence between material civilization and spiritual civilization has a realistic possibility, and the new mission of sharing the fruits of development by the people puts forward higher requirements for the ideological realm, moral level and civilization level of the people, and also puts forward higher requirements for the country's governance ability and social construction ability. The shared spirit, humanistic feelings, the consciousness of equality, the concept of justice, the virtue of fraternity, the character of tolerance, the demand for democracy, the integrity of official morality, the expectation of governance and other values and concepts are not only the results of the construction of spiritual civilization, but also the conceptual guarantee for the dynamic balance between spiritual civilization and material civilization. Third, carry forward the spirit of the times, innovate contents and methods, and enhance the vitality of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. As mentioned above, although the original spiritual civilization construction has made relatively rich achievements, the research in the past decade has been relatively weak, and the existing theories can no longer meet the needs of the progress of the times. Especially after China achieved the status of the world's second largest economy, the phenomena of people's mental poverty, spiritual poverty, spiritual poverty, and spiritual poverty did not disappear, but to a certain extent, they intensified, which inevitably affected China's international prestige. Therefore, we should grasp the pulse of the times, incorporate the cultural connotation of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, the meaning of the times of informationization and networking, and the value consensus of globalization into the construction of spiritual civilization, so that it can integrate the elements of modernity and information science on the basis of adhering to the essential characteristics of socialism, so as to make the most beautiful harmony in the symphony of the times. This means that the content and methods of spiritual civilization construction in the past should keep pace with the times, such as the original content of the "two major plates" that needs more detailed and specialized scientific argumentation, the core socialist values need to penetrate into all aspects of social life, so as to be able to play a leading role in the spiritual life of the people in a down-to-earth way, cultivate and implement socialist moral education according to the personality type under the conditions of market economy, and use network technology, self-media and other means to innovate the dissemination of Marxist theory , grasping the age characteristics of the people, especially adolescents, so as to realize the integration of traditional indoctrination methods and modern people-oriented methods, etc. In short, when people break the sense of alienation from the rigidity, dogmatism, and seriousness of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, take the initiative to integrate the lofty and advanced requirements of spiritual civilization into their specific fields of life, and consciously practice the concrete laws of civilization that conform to the essence of socialism and the laws of real life, civilized literacy, sound personality, and noble sentiments will not be empty words. Finally, inherit the Chinese cultural context, carry forward the Chinese spirit, and promote the modernization of Chinese culture. In recent years, China's peaceful rise has caused foreign scholars to re-examine Chinese civilization, and there have been constant debates about the Chinese model, Chinese path, and Chinese civilization. Both Brzezinski's assertion that the Chinese model will be "seen as an increasingly attractive alternative" by other developing countries 6393923 or Martin Jacques's 6393924 that China's rise is not a threat to the world, show the importance that Western scholars attach to the uniqueness and influence of Chinese civilization and the Chinese spirit. However, foreign scholars' views on Chinese civilization are based on "Western-centric theory", and there are many prejudices and misinterpretations. What's more, the views of some Western scholars conceal the sinister intention of "killing China" in the name of advocating the rejuvenation of Chinese civilization. To understand the true face of foreign scholars' attitude towards China's spiritual civilization and the various ideological strategies that Western society peddles China in an implicit or explicit way, what we need is to strengthen cultural self-confidence and use cultural soft power to build China's core competitiveness. As the genes and bloodline of the sons and daughters of China, Chinese traditional culture is the spiritual nourishment of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and has an unchangeable precedence. The inheritance and revival of Chinese traditional culture requires the essence of traditional culture to be incorporated into our souls, and the recitation of flat rhythms, bowing to the classics of ritual music, and strengthening the promotion of sinology do not lie in the reproduction of forms, but in the adherence and development of traditional cultural genes, so that they bloom with infinite vitality. Chinese traditional culture embodies the common emotions and ideals of the Chinese nation, and its re-emergence and great rejuvenation bring together the common voice of the whole nation, keeping the roots and advancing with the times, accepting all rivers and rivers without being presumptuous, forging works full of Chinese charm in more forms, so that China's good stories go abroad and China's good voice penetrate into the hearts of the people, which is the mission of socialist spiritual civilization construction.（AI翻译）