世界经济全球化带来政治、资本、金融、信息技术的全球化，并且给人类的价值观念带来巨大震荡，引起文化全球化。人们的命运彼此息息相关，形成一个“全球命运共同体”，直接刺激国际移民数量激增，中国成为人口输出大国，以美国和加拿大为主的北美洲成为大多数移民的选择。北美新移民文学指的就是20世纪70年代末80年代初以来从中国大陆迁移到美国和加拿大的移民主要用华文创作的文学。北美新移民文学的发展历程就是作为发展中国家的中国和发达国家的美国、加拿大相互激荡、影响的过程，研究北美新移民文学对于中国如何在全球化进程中建构自己的文化身份有重要的借鉴意义。

北美新移民文学隶属世界华文文学学科，关于本学科的命名、兴起与建构都经过了一个漫长的过程，理论探索和论争也始终与时俱进。从20世纪70年代末80年代初到现在，北美新移民文学已经走过了三十余年的发展历程，从最初主要再现新移民异域生存、故国乡愁进入对文化冲突与文化融合的反思，虽然这两个主题一直贯穿新移民文学发展的历程，但是21世纪以来的北美新移民文学逐渐走向纵深发展并且出现新变，表现中国故事和中国经验的“中国书写”成为当下大部分北美新移民作家的选择，同时也有一部分作家表现出“中产阶级化”写作和非虚构写作的倾向，还有一部分作家在表现家国叙事与多重认同的同时也不忘书写新移民在当下的异国生活，新移民“回流”发生后产生的“海归”文学也成为这一时期创作的新现象，与宗教文学相关的所谓“灵性写作”也值得注意。

北美新移民文学在“移植——本土化——落地生根——回流”的历史流变的脉络中，始终坚持追踪新移民主流的心灵演变，跨越文化的藩篱表现个体生存在极致环境下的生存体验和普遍人性，具有跨文化、跨族裔、多元共存的特点。从“边缘人”到“世界公民”，北美新移民在文化的冲突和融合中形成对中西文化的双向认同，建构起一种跨越民族和国家的新型文化身份，为全球化时代中国参与世界政治经济秩序重建、确立文化身份呈现了一种可能性的范本。

关键词：北美新移民文学，文化冲突，文化融合，身份认同，中国书写

Abstract

The globalization of the world economy has brought about the globalization of politics,capital,finance and information technology,and brought about a great shock to the values of human beings,giving rise to the globalization of culture.People's destinies are closely related to each other,forming a“global community of fate”,which directly stimulates the surge in the number of international immigrants.China has become a major exporter of population,and North America,dominated by the United States and Canada,has become the choice of most immigrants.The new immigrant literature in North American refers to the literature mainly written in Chinese by immigrants from mainland China to the United States and Canada since the late 1970s and early 1980s.The development course of the new immigrant literature in North America is a process of mutual agitation and mutualinfluence between China as a developing countryand the United States and Canadaas developed countries.The study onthe new immigrant literature in North America has the important reference significancefor China to construct its own cultural identity in the process of globalization.

The new immigrant literature in North America belongs to the discipline of Chinese literature in the world.The naming,rise and construction of this discipline have gone through a long process,and the theoretical exploration and debate have always kept pace with the time.From the late 1970s and early 1980s to the present,the new immigrant literature in North America has gone through a development process of more than 30 years.The theme has changed from the initial representation of the survival of new immigrants and the homesickness of the old country to the reflection on the cultural conflict and cultural integration.Although these two themes have been running through the development process of the new immigrant literature,the new immigrant literature in North America has gradually developed in depth and undergone new changes since the beginning of the new century.“Chinese writing”,which reflects Chinese stories and experiences,has become the choice of most new immigrant writers in North America.At the same time,some writers show the tendency of“gentrification”writing and non-fiction writing.There are also some writers who,while expressing the national narrative and multiple identities,do not forget to write about the current foreign life of the new immigrants.The literature of“overseas returnees”produced after the“backflow”of new immigrants also became a new phenomenon in the literary creation of this period.The so-called“spiritual writing”related to religious literature is also worthy of attention.

In the venation of the historical change of“transplanting—localization—landing and rooting—flowing back”,the new immigrant literature in North America has always kept track of the spiritual evolution of the mainstream of new immigrants,transcending the barriers of culture to show the survival experience of individuals' living in extreme environments and the universal humanity,which has the characteristics of cross-cultural,inter-ethnic and pluralistic coexistence.From“marginal people”to“world citizens”,new immigrants in North America have formed a two-way identification with Chinese and western cultures in the process of cultural conflict and integration,and constructed a new cultural identity that transcends nations and countries,which presents a possible model for China's participation in the reconstruction of world political and economic order and establishment of cultural identity in the era of globalization.

Key words:The New Immigrant Literature in North America,Cultural Conflict,Cultural Integration,Identity,Chinese Writing