习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中明确指出：“我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。”公共资源是保障人民生活和促进社会发展必不可少的生产要素，如何实现公共资源的有效治理既是解决当前中国社会主要矛盾的客观需要，也是进一步推进国家治理现代化建设的必然要求。在国内外公共资源治理实践改革中，合作治理逐渐成为公共资源治理的主流模式从而得到学术领域的广泛关注。

首先，本书以归纳界定“公共资源”的广义概念为逻辑起点，认为公共资源是指国家与社会共享，且由公共部门代为治理或者提供的涉及公共利益与社会利益的生产要素集合，它可以分为“原生性公共资源”和“衍生性公共资源”两个层面。公共资源本身正是合作治理的直接治理对象，公共资源合作治理机制研究的重心不在于研究单个公共资源合作治理问题，而是关注点在于研究公共资源合作治理的“机制设计”问题。

其次，在国内外已有研究成果的基础上建构了统领本书的公共资源合作治理机制分析框架，其中主体关系、工具选择、制度安排、运行机理、风险剖析、实践案例共同组成了公共资源合作治理机制的有机整体。

再次，公共资源合作治理分析框架所包含的六个层次之间形成的是逐层递进的关系。第一层次：主体关系，主要阐释的是公共资源合作治理机制主体的具体划分，主体采取合作策略的行为假设，主体间权力的边界以及如何通过合作博弈促使公共资源治理中合作行为的达成。第二层次：工具选择，主要探讨的是公共资源合作治理机制工具选择的类别，工具选择受到政治决策、市场经济发展程度、合作治理项目以及技术条件的综合影响，工具选择的最佳方式是实现市场化工具与大数据工具的优化组合。第三层次：制度安排，是在前两部分研究的基础上，具体阐释公共资源合作治理机制的正式制度、非正式制度、执行制度三种不同形式制度的设立和功能发挥的有机整合。三种制度安排共同作用于公共资源合作治理机制进而发挥了硬约束、软约束和矫正的功能。第四层次：运行机理，主要探讨了公共资源合作治理安排运行的条件、环节、方式与平台。第五层次：风险剖析，主要阐释的是公共资源合作治理机制运行中所蕴含的风险表现、影响、诱因与规制路径。第六层次：实践案例，通过对公共资源合作治理机制的典型案例与理论分析框架进行解析与比较，探索公共资源合作治理机制的实践改进启示。

最后，本书研究的落脚点在于探究公共资源合作治理机制理论分析框架对实践的引导和改进。笔者通过在北京、厦门等地的调研，分别对负责和参与公共资源合作治理项目的公共部门和私营部门负责人进行深度访谈，并且跟踪调查了北京市某林地改造项目的合作治理全程，以案例形式完整描述了该项公共资源合作治理的开展过程。进而根据公共资源合作治理分析框架分层次对该实践案例进行剖析和比较研究，找出二者存在的差异，最终归纳出公共资源合作治理机制理论分析框架对实践改进的有益启示。

关键词：公共资源；合作治理；机制设计；实践改进

Abstract

Xi Ginping made it clear that the main contradiction in our country's society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people's growing good life needs and the unbalanced development in the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of Chinammon resources are essential factors for ensuring people's livelihood and promoting social development.How to realize effective governance of common resources is not only the objective need to solve the main contradiction in our society,but also the inevitable requirement to promote the modernization of national governance.In the reform of domestic and foreign common resource governance practices,collaborative governance has gradually become the mainstream mode of public resource governance and has gained wide attention in the academic field.

First of all,this book summarizes the generalized concept of“common resources”as the logical starting point,common resources refer to the collection of production elements that are shared by the state and society,which is governed by the public sector or provided by the public sector,and involves public interests and social interests.It can be divided into“primary common resources”and“derived common resources”.Common resources itself is the direct governance object of collaborative governance,So the focus of the research on collaborative governance mechanism of common resources is not to study the governance of individual resources,but to study the“mechanism design”of collaborative governance of common resources.

Secondly,on the basis of the existing research results at home and abroad,this Paper constructs an analysis framework of common resource collaborative governance mechanism.Among them,the main relationship,tool selection,institutional arrangement,operation mechanism,risk analysis and practical case constitute the organic whole of the collaborative governance mechanism of common resources.

Thirdly,the analysis framework of common resources cooperation governance is related to each other.Main body relations are the main interpretation of the specific the governance mechanism of common resources cooperation division,the main body of co-operation strategy behavior hypothesis,the boundary of the power between the main body,and how to through cooperative game to make cooperative behavior in the governance of common resources.Tool selection is mainly explored common resources cooperation governance mechanism of tool selection categories,tool selection is influenced by political decision-making,the degree of market economy development,cooperation projects and technical conditions of synthesis,and tool selection is the best way to realize marketization of optimized combination of tools and big data tools.Institutional arrangement is on the basis of studying the former two parts,this paper elaborates on the establishment of the formal system,the informal system and the implementation system of the public resource collaborative governance mechanism and their functional organic integration.The three institutional arrangements play a role in the collaborative governance mechanism of common resources,thus exerting the functions of hard constraint,soft constraint and correction.The operation mechanism mainly discusses the condition,link,mode and platform of the operation of the collaborative governance of common resources.Risk analysis mainly explains the risk expression,influence,incentive and regulation path of the operation of public resource collaborative governance mechanism.Through the analysis and comparison of the typical case and theoretical analysis framework of the collaborative governance mechanism of common resources,to find out the practical improvement of public resource collaborative governance.

In the end,this book studies the guidance and improvement of the theoretical analysis framework of collaborative governance mechanism of common resources.Through the field research in Beijing and Xiamen,the author conducted in-depth interviews with the public and private sector leaders responsible for and participating in the common resources cooperation governance project.In addition,it also tracked the cooperation governance of a forest land renovation project in Beijing,and described the development process of the collaborative governance of common resources in the form of case.Then,according to the analysis framework of public resource collaborative governance,this paper analyzes and compares the practice cases,and finds out the differences between them.Finally,it concludes the useful enlightenment of the theoretical analysis framework of public resource collaborative governance mechanism.

Keywords: Common Resource,Collaborative Governance,Mechanism Design,Practice Improved