摘要：非营利性小额信贷组织的出现是国际组织为解决金融排斥问题以及为贫困和低收入群体提供更加有效的金融服务进行创新性探索的结果，面临着商业化/市场化改制的挑战和发展趋势。在我国，非营利性小额信贷组织是当代小额信贷、微型金融和普惠金融发展过程中的先驱和最早的实践者。在实践过程中，我国非营利性小额信贷组织的发展环境发生变化、组织制度发生变迁、业务模式逐渐多元化、财务绩效和社会绩效总体提高，出现了以中和农信项目管理有限公司、汉中市西乡县妇女发展协会等为代表的一些坚持扶贫助困使命、始终专注于满足中低收入群体的金融服务需求、实现可持续发展的“微观”层面上的成功经验。但这类小额信贷机构在“宏观”层面的发展面临诸多困难。除了其自身业务水平和能力制约之外，最重要的是缺少支持其可持续发展的法规政策以及缺乏制度性、持续性的资金来源和融资渠道。政府和监管部门在政策法规制定过程中应明确从事扶贫小额信贷业务的组织或机构的法律身份和定位，提供税收优惠政策支持和制度性融资渠道，助推中国式“穷人银行”的成立和可持续发展。非营利性小额信贷组织在坚持逐利与弘义的平衡、“道”与“术”的统一的同时，应找准差异化定位优势、完善治理结构、加强同类型组织间及其与其他类型金融机构及行业协会类组织之间的交流与合作、创新产品和服务方式，实行机构自身的保本微利和可持续发展。

关键词：非营利性 小额信贷组织 成功经验 制约 可持续发展 建议

Abstract：The emergence of the non-profit microfinance institutions（MFIs）with the characteristic of social enterprise is the result of innovative exploration undertaken by international organizations to solve the problem of financial exclusion and provide more effective financial services for the poor and low-income groups，facing the challenges and development trend of commercialization and market transformation.In China，the nonprofit MFIs are the pioneers and earliest practitioners in the development process of contemporary microcredit，microfinance and inclusive finance.In practice，our non-profit MFIs have experienced the change of environment，the transition of institutional system，the diversity of business model，as well as the overall enhancement of both financial performance and social performance，leading to the appearance of the successful expericence at the micro level which are represented by such MFIs as CFPA，Shaanxi Xixiang Women Development Association and so on that stick to their mission of poverty alleviation，focus on meeting the demand of the middle and low income groups in financial services and realize their sustainability.However，such MFIs face many difficulties at the macro level.In addition to its own business level and ability constraints，what is the most important is the lack of regulations and policies and the shortage of institutional，sustainable funding sources and financing channels to support its sustainable development.In the process of formulating policies and regulations，the government and regulators should clarify the legal identity and positioning of the institutions engaging in microcredit business aiming at poverty alleviation，provide preferential tax policies and institutional financing channels，and promote the establishment and sustainable development of Chinese-style“Bank for the Poor”.Non-profit MFIs should get the differentiated positioning advantage，improve the governance structure，strengthen the exchanges and cooperation between the peer，other types of financial institutions as well as industrial associations，innovate products and services in order to realize the preservation and sustainability while insisting on the balance between seeking profit and righteousness，as well as the unity of“Shu”and“Dao”.

Keywords：Non-profit Microfinance institutions Successful experience Restriction Sustainable development Suggestions

Abstract: The emergence of non-profit microfinance organizations is the result of innovative exploration by international organizations to solve the problem of financial exclusion and provide more effective financial services for poor and low-income groups, and faces the challenges and development trends of commercialization/market-oriented restructuring. In China, non-profit microfinance organizations are pioneers and earliest practitioners in the development of contemporary microfinance, microfinance and inclusive finance. In the process of practice, the development environment of China's non-profit microfinance organizations has changed, the organizational system has changed, the business model has gradually diversified, and the financial performance and social performance have generally improved, and some successful experiences at the "micro" level, represented by Zhonghe Rural Credit Project Management Co., Ltd. and Hanzhong Xixiang County Women's Development Association, have emerged in adhering to the mission of poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation, always focusing on meeting the financial service needs of low- and middle-income groups, and achieving sustainable development. However, the development of such microfinance institutions at the "macro" level faces many difficulties. In addition to its own business level and capacity constraints, the most important thing is the lack of regulations and policies to support its sustainable development, as well as the lack of institutional and sustainable funding sources and financing channels. In the process of formulating policies and regulations, the government and regulatory authorities should clarify the legal identity and positioning of organizations or institutions engaged in poverty alleviation microfinance business, provide preferential tax policy support and institutional financing channels, and promote the establishment and sustainable development of Chinese-style "poor people's banks". While adhering to the balance between profit-seeking and propagation and the unity of "Tao" and "technology", non-profit microfinance organizations should identify differentiated positioning advantages, improve governance structures, strengthen exchanges and cooperation between organizations of the same type and with other types of financial institutions and industry associations, innovate products and services, and implement their own capital preservation and sustainable development. Keywords: non-profit microfinance organizations success stories constraints sustainable development Abstract: The emergence of the non-profit microfinance institutions (MFIs) with the characteristic of social enterprise is the result of innovative exploration undertaken by international organizations to solve the problem of financial exclusion and provide more effective financial services for the poor and low-income groups，facing the challenges and development trend of commercialization and market transformation. In China，the nonprofit MFIs are the pioneers and earliest practitioners in the development process of contemporary microcredit，microfinance and inclusive finance. In practice，our non-profit MFIs have experienced the change of environment，the transition of institutional system，the diversity of business model，as well as the overall enhancement of both financial performance and social performance，leading to the appearance of the successful expericence at the micro level which are represented by such MFIs as CFPA，Shaanxi Xixiang Women Development Association and so on that stick to their mission of poverty alleviation，focus on meeting the demand of the middle and low income groups in financial services and realize their sustainability. However，such MFIs face many difficulties at the macro level. In addition to its own business level and ability constraints，what is the most important is the lack of regulations and policies and the shortage of institutional，sustainable funding sources and financing channels to support its sustainable development. In the process of formulating policies and regulations，the government and regulators should clarify the legal identity and positioning of the institutions engaging in microcredit business aiming at poverty alleviation，provide preferential tax policies and institutional financing channels，and promote the establishment and sustainable development of Chinese-style“Bank for the Poor”. Non-profit MFIs should get the differentiated positioning advantage，improve the governance structure，strengthen the exchanges and cooperation between the peer，other types of financial institutions as well as industrial associations，innovate products and services in order to realize the preservation and sustainability while insisting on the balance between seeking profit and righteousness，as well as the unity of“Shu”and“Dao”. Keywords：Non-profit Microfinance institutions Successful experience Restriction Sustainable development Suggestions（AI翻译）