户籍问题关系到社会公平，影响到社会和谐与稳定，很有研究的必要，一直备受广大学者的关注。本书通过对中国古代及现行户籍制度的沿革进行研究，分析了中国人口与户籍制度的变革作用与意义，指出了中国现行人口与户籍管理中存在的问题，同时分析与总结了当前专家学者对户籍改革的观点与建议，并对全国的各种户籍制度改革的尝试、探索与突破进行了分析与点评。

深圳市既是中国最早完成农村城市化改革的移民城市，也是流动人口最多、户籍与非户籍人口倒挂最严重的城市，深圳市的户籍制度改革有很多方面走在了全国前列，无论是专家学者还是深圳本地的外来人口对深圳市户籍改革的呼声都很高。本书通过对深圳人口发展的历史、现状、内涵进行分析，指出了其人口发展面临的十大问题，同时对深圳市农村城市化进程中的户籍改革及流动人口迁入式户籍改革的历史沿革的政策背景、意义、改革的成效进行分析，并就现在社会上对人口管理与服务、户籍制度的认识、户籍制度改革建议、流动人口的管理与服务等方面存在认识上的误区与盲区进行了验证性分析。

本书认为，户籍制度其内涵是一种人口管理制度。城市人口年轻化在短期内是财富，长期是负担；流动人口并不必然是城市的财富并有可能是经济发展的负担；各地对高素质人才的争夺式的户籍政策可能导致城市的性别比失衡；户籍制度本质上是人口管理与服务制度的一部分；户籍制度改革并不能破除城乡“二元”结构，户籍制度也不是限制人口流动的主因，户籍制度改革欲速则不达，地区性的户籍制度改革离不开全国统筹，也不可能先于国家改革而完成；地区性教育发展并不是提高地区人口素质最有效的途径，户籍制度改革基础是社会保障的全国统筹；城市化进程中“农转非”改革不仅仅是户籍身份转换，还有农民市民化社会身份转换。调整产业结构才是提升人口素质最有效的途径；在流动人口权益保护方面，笔者认为，畅通流动人口诉求表达渠道加快立法保护是推动流动人口权益保障最有效的途径，建议大力推动全国性的教育体制改革，淡化户籍意识，率先突破医保改革，构建多层次的农民工住房供应体系，推动流动人口居住权益保障。

深圳市户籍制度改革总体指导思想是紧密配合全国统筹，兼顾深圳实情，稳步推进；户籍改革定位就是人口管理制度的改革，户籍制度应该服务人口管理、服务城市功能演变；户籍改革破局的关键是城乡教育服务供给数量与质量均等化，同时推进社会保障尤其是养老保障与医疗保障等公共服务的城乡统一；中国户籍制度改革的短期目标是加快产业结构调整，逐步放宽入户条件；中期目标是稳定现有人口，加快保障住房建设；其终极目标是淡化户籍，稳步推进权益、福利均等化与迁移人口同权化。

关键词：户籍制度 流动人口 福利均等化

The hukou issue is related to social fairness and affects social harmony and stability, and it is very necessary to study, and has always attracted the attention of the majority of scholars. Through the study of the evolution of China's ancient and current household registration system, this book analyzes the role and significance of the reform of the Chinese and household registration system, points out the problems existing in China's current population and household registration management, analyzes and summarizes the current views and suggestions of experts and scholars on household registration reform, and analyzes and comments on the attempts, explorations and breakthroughs of various household registration system reforms across the country. Shenzhen is not only the first immigrant city in China to complete the rural urbanization reform, but also the city with the largest floating population and the most serious inversion of household registration and non-household registration population. By analyzing the history, current situation and connotation of Shenzhen's population development, this book points out ten major problems facing its population development, analyzes the policy background, significance and effectiveness of the historical evolution of household registration reform in the process of rural urbanization in Shenzhen and the household registration reform of migrant population, and conducts a verification analysis of the misunderstandings and blind areas in the current understanding of population management and services, household registration system, household registration system reform suggestions, and management and services of floating population. This book argues that the connotation of the household registration system is a population management system. The rejuvenation of the urban population is an asset in the short term and a burden in the long term; Migrants are not necessarily a wealth of cities and may be a burden on economic development; Local hukou policies competing for high-quality talents may lead to an imbalance in the sex ratio in cities; The hukou system is essentially part of the population management and service system; The reform of the household registration system cannot break the "dual" structure of urban and rural areas, the household registration system is not the main reason for restricting the movement of people, the reform of the household registration system is not up to speed, and the reform of the regional household registration system cannot be separated from the national overall planning, nor can it be completed before the national reform; The development of regional education is not the most effective way to improve the quality of the regional population, and the basis of the reform of the household registration system is the national coordination of social security; In the process of urbanization, the reform of "turning agriculture into Africa" is not only the transformation of household registration status, but also the transformation of peasants' citizens' social identity. Adjusting the industrial structure is the most effective way to improve the quality of the population; In terms of the protection of the rights and interests of the floating population, the author believes that unblocking the channels for expressing the appeals of the floating population and accelerating legislative protection is the most effective way to promote the protection of the rights and interests of the floating population, and suggests vigorously promoting the reform of the national education system, diluting the awareness of household registration, taking the lead in breaking through the medical insurance reform, building a multi-level housing supply system for migrant workers, and promoting the protection of the floating population's residential rights and interests. The overall guiding ideology of the reform of Shenzhen's household registration system is to closely cooperate with the overall planning of the whole country, take into account the actual situation in Shenzhen, and steadily advance; The positioning of household registration reform is the reform of the population management system, and the household registration system should serve population management and the evolution of urban functions; The key to breaking the situation of household registration reform is to equalize the quantity and quality of urban and rural education services, and at the same time promote the unification of urban and rural areas of social security, especially public services such as old-age security and medical security. The short-term goal of China's household registration system reform is to accelerate the adjustment of the industrial structure and gradually relax the conditions for entering the household; The medium-term goal is to stabilize the existing population and accelerate the construction of affordable housing; Its ultimate goal is to dilute household registration and steadily promote the equalization of rights and benefits and the equalization of rights and interests with the migrant population. Keywords: household registration system, floating population, equalization of welfare（AI翻译）