究天人之际:《史记》神话学研究
Research On Mythological History Narration of Records of the Grand Historian
图书简介
本书以神话学为研究视角,将中国正史之源头《史记》作为一个整体的研究対象,探究为何信史中有大量神话,司马迁如此撰写史书的意图何在。
《史记》的撰写体现了古代典籍中源远流长的神话叙事脉络,延续了商周巫史传统。西汉时正处在“巫”与“史”逐步交替之际,故而整体上已经具备了为后世所认可的理性的、严谨的、系统的历史表述,但同时书中也留下了大量的神话、传说、梦兆、术数、占卜等有关巫风遗习的“不雅训”之语,两者并不相悖,这就是《史记》中出现以神话为史料的深层原因和文化背景。
而西汉正值大一统的帝国甫立,司马史公对神话的采用除了延续文化脉络,还有其为当下所用的意图。所以说,对《史记》中神话叙事的解读有两个层面:一个是潜意识层面,就是对神话思维的不自觉的继承和发展;另一个是意识形态层面,正是基于潜意识层面,利用神话思维对宗教文化、学术思想和民间信仰根深蒂固的影响,对前代所流传下来的神话传说进行整理和改造,从而“神道设教”,完成新的历史表述,在这种时代背景与文化氛围中出现了正史《史记》中对于大量神话素材的采用。
From the perspective of mythology, this book takes Shiji, the source of China's official history, as a whole, and explores why there are so many myths in the history of Xin, and what Sima Qian's intention was to write the history books in this way. The writing of the Shiji reflects the long-standing mythological narrative context in ancient texts, continuing the tradition of Shang and Zhou Wu history. The Western Han Dynasty was in the midst of the gradual alternation of "witch" and "history", so it already had a rational, rigorous and systematic historical expression recognized by later generations, but at the same time, the book also left a large number of myths, legends, dream signs, arithmetic, divination and other "indecent" words about witch style legacy, the two are not contradictory, which is the deep reason and cultural background for the emergence of myths as historical materials in the "Shiji". The Western Han Dynasty was at the end of a unified empire, and Sima Shigong's adoption of mythology not only continued the cultural context, but also had its intention to be used today. Therefore, the interpretation of the mythological narrative in the "History" has two levels: one is the subconscious level, which is the unconscious inheritance and development of mythical thinking; The other is the ideological level, which is based on the subconscious level, using the deep-rooted influence of mythological thinking on religious culture, academic thought and folk beliefs, sorting out and transforming the myths and legends handed down by previous generations, so as to "set up Shinto religion" and complete new historical expressions.(AI翻译)
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