在城镇化发展过程中，介于城市与乡村之间的城郊村的土地制度和人地关系总是最容易发生变化。土地制度和人地关系的变化，又会最大限度地影响村民基于生计而作出的行动选择，这些行动选择既影响到个体的生活方式，又影响到村落的整体社会结构。因此，本书主要关注的是，在土地制度和人地关系变化带来的社会生活与社会结构变迁过程中，城郊村不同身份的村民所作出的生计选择以及这些选择背后所蕴含的生活意义。

本书是关于北京城郊村村民生计选择、社会行动与村落生活的民俗志研究，所描绘的主要是近十几年来京村的日常生活和村民的生计选择，并分析内在和外在于村落社会的各种力量及其运作过程。本书认为正是这些力量创造和维系了我们今天所看到的相对稳定的社会结构。在这种相对稳定的社会结构里，当地人和流动人口在这里生生不息，经久不衰。具体来说，本书倾向于从微观层面剖析村落社区里人们的日常生活和行动安排，以及近距离观察城郊村社会的运作方式，同时也致力于挖掘出个体生活史中被传统集体叙事埋没的声音，以解构目的论建构对个体生存状态的漠视。尽管如此，本书也会关注较为宏观的问题，比如城郊村与城市如何互动，城郊村与国家如何互动等问题。实际上，村民正是在处理这些互动时或主动适应，或被动接受，并以此为基础建立了当前的生活状态。

本书主要立足以下两点进行讨论：一是注重城郊村内部结构和社会秩序的自洽性逻辑，不仅仅将其简单地预设为需要“改造”的对象，而是将其视为需要被我们认识和理解的主体，也即“何以在”的问题；二是强调村落日常生活本身的学术价值，将其作为民俗志文本的写作主体，并分析在面对外部社会环境变化时，城郊村社会结构与社会秩序如何在日常生活中得以重构，也即“因何在”的问题。

本书打算至少完成以下两个目标：一是以民俗志文本的形式提供一个意在呈现城市化过程中城郊村的日常生活图景，正是这些琐碎的、不容易被注意到的、日常的、看起来杂乱无章的生活被赋予了极为生动的意义；二是在村落生活描述的基础上，深入分析基于传统惯习形成的默会知识和生存性智慧如何影响了村民的日常行动和生计策略选择，以及如何在此基础上形塑了村落社会结构和重构了社会秩序。概言之，我希望通过这本民俗志，通过对北京城郊村京村居住民（包括本村村民和外来务工人员）日常生活的描述，来揭示民众日常生计策略选择的内在逻辑，同时呈现这种生计策略及日常生活安排参与地方结构与社会秩序构建的过程。

本书的创新点主要表现在以下三个方面：一是呈现一个以日常生活为主要描述对象的民俗志文本，并通过民俗志研究实现对民众生活意义的理解；二是以日常生活的行动主体为研究对象，以日常生活为分析文本，这对于以往强调对民俗事象关怀的民俗学研究来说，既是补充又是挑战，在一定程度上拓展了既有民俗学的研究路径；三是在研究中更强调村民的主体地位和我的个人感受，尝试将民俗看成理解村民意义世界的方式，通过民俗来分析村民的生存状态和其对生活意义的表达与理解，在一定程度上践行了民俗学的村落生活整体研究的理念。

关键词：城郊村；生计策略；日常生活；生活意义；民俗志

Abstract

In the process of urbanization,the land system and man-land relationship of suburban villages between cities and villages are always the most prone to change.The changes of land system and man-land relationship will maximize the impact on villagers' different action choices based on livelihood.These action choices not only affect the individual lifestyle,but also affect the overall social structure of the village.Therefore,this study mainly focuses on the livelihood strategies made by villagers with different identities in suburban villages and the life significance behind these choices in the process of social life and social structure changes brought by the changes of land system and man-land relationship.

This study is a folklore ethnographic study on the livelihood strategies choice,social action and village life in suburban villages in Beijing.It mainly describes the everyday life of Jingcun village and the livelihood strategies choice of villagers in the last decade,and analyzes the various forces and operation processes of village society both internally and externally.In fact,it is these forces that create and maintain the relatively stable social structure we see today.In this relatively stable social structure,local people and floating population live here for a long time.Specifically,this study tends to analyze people's everyday life and action arrangement in the village community from the micro level,and observe the operation mode of suburban village society closely.At the same time,it is also committed to excavating the voice buried by the traditional collective narrative in the individual life history,to deconstruct the teleology's indifference to the individual living state.Nevertheless,this study will also focus on more macro issues,such as how suburban villages interact with cities,how suburban villages interact with the state and so on.In fact,villagers are actively adapting or passively accepting these interactions,and based on this,they have established their current living state.

This study is mainly based on the following two points:first,pay attention to the self-consistent logic of the internal structure and social order of suburban villages,not only presuppose it as the object that needs to be transformed,but also regard it as the subject that needs to be recognized and understood by us,that is,the problem of“Why”;The second is to emphasize the academic value of village everyday life itself,to take it as the writing subject of folklore ethnographic,and to analyze how the social structure and social order of suburban villages can be reconstructed in everyday life in the face of changes in the external social environment,that is,the problem of“How”.

This study intends to achieve at least the following two objectives:first,to provide a picture of the everyday life of the suburban villages in the process of urbanization in the form of folklore ethnography,which is endowed with extremely vivid significance;Second,based on the description of village life,this paper deeply analyzes how the tacit knowledge and survival wisdom formed based on traditional habits affect the villagers'daily actions and livelihood strategy choices,and shape the village social structure and reconstruct the social order on this basis.In short,Using the folklore text,I hope to reveal the internal logic of people's choice of everyday livelihood strategies through the description of the everyday life of residents in Jingcun village（including villagers and migrant workers）in Beijing suburban village,and present the process of this livelihood strategies and everyday life arrangement participating in the construction of local structure and social order.

The main innovations of this study are as follows: first,present a folklore ethnography with everyday life as the main description object,and realize the understanding of the meaning of people's life through folklore ethnography research;second,take the action subject of everyday life as the research object and everyday life as the analysis text,which is both a supplement and a challenge to the previous folklore research that emphasizes the care of folklore,and expand the research path of existing folklore to a certain extent; Third,in the research,I put more emphasis on the subject status of villagers and my own feelings,try to regard folk custom as a way to understand the meaning world of villagers,and analyze the living state of villagers and their expression and understanding of the meaning of life through folk custom,which implements the concept of overall research on village life by folklore to a certain extent.

Key Words:suburban village;livelihood strategies;everyday life;meaning of life;ethnography