责任是伦理学中比较古老的范畴，责任教育也是人类文化传承中经久不息的主题之一。在人类新的生存背景中，责任的含义不断扩展，责任教育之对现代人更为必要。20世纪六七十年代以来，西方国家在现代化过程中所出现的青少年道德危机、生态环境危机和社会混乱等问题引发了人们对现代性背景下人的生存方式和学校道德教育的反思。一方面，科学技术的发展极大的增强了人类的力量，市场经济使社会物质财富不断增长；另一方面，在科技理性和唯经济主义的意识形态下，人们背离了人之为人应有的道德精神和人文价值，责任缺失、诚信的失落，给人类当下和未来的生存与和谐发展带来极大隐忧。在经济全球化的推动下，中国的改革开放取得了显著成效，经济实力不断提升，截至2010年年底经济总量已经跃居世界第二，但伴随市场经济发展而产生的生态问题、道德问题也日益凸显。在科学总结各国发展历程和经验的基础上，中国提出了贯彻落实科学发展观与构建和谐社会、建设现代化国家的宏大构想。而在现代化目标体系中，人的现代化是核心指标。这一切对社会的文化建设，对人的道德精神和责任品质提出了更高的、更具体的要求，学校理应在推进社会和谐发展、全面进步的事业中充分发挥对青少年道德教育的作用，着力培养具有完整责任品质的现代人，使他们能负责任地生存和发展。责任教育就是根据一定社会的道德要求，为使主体在自主选择基础上养成基本的责任品格而对其有计划、有组织、有目的地实施教育引导活动，使其成为一个负责任的人。现代社会，科技对人类力量的倍增作用和市场经济人对物质的无限追求使人的责任范围更大，责任的分量更重。人不仅要承担来自于义务的责任，还要承担来自行为的责任，来自角色的责任；不仅要对人类共同体负责，还要对生态系统负责；不仅要对当下的行为负责，还要对将要实施的行为的未来后果负责。因此，缺少一种普遍的、全面的责任意识和责任能力，人类的未来生存是不可能的，社会的和谐发展也无法实现。因而作为社会实施教育活动的专门机构来说，教育和引导学生养成自觉的责任感和责任能力，领悟人类传统道德精神，影响和辐射社会公众，是学校道德教育的责任和使命。本书从当前人类生存的现实背景和青少年的责任品质现状出发，在较系统梳理中外伦理学史上关于责任的相关理论基础上，论述了当代国际责任教育的理论和实践，以及我国20世纪和当前新课程改革所体现的责任教育思想，认为责任品质的培养已成为国际道德教育的共识，也是当代中国科学发展观观照下的学校道德教育改革的必然要求和发展趋势。学校责任教育具有其内在的价值表征，要以科学的教育理念为指导全面系统地实施。作者试图建构起一个基于现代教育理念之上的学校责任教育的目标、内容框架，提出了应坚持的基本原则、实施途径和方法策略，并进一步提出在学校实施责任教育进程中，要建构起以教育责任为主体的校园伦理体系。

Responsibility is one of old category in ethics，correspondingly，responsibility education is one of prolonged themes in human culture.In the new background of human existence，the meaning of responsibility constantly extends，and it is more necessary for modern people to have responsibility education.From 1960s and 1970s，a series of problems，such as teenage moral hazard，ecology environment crisis and social disturbance，appeared in the process of modernization in western countries leads to reflection to the way of existence and moral education in schools in the scene of modernity.On the one hand，science and technology extremely strengthens the power of human，and market economy realizes the constant growth of social material wealth.On the other hand，with ideology of scientific rationalism and economic determinism，people deviate from the basic moral spirit and humanistic value.The absence of responsibility brings hidden worry to both present and future existence and harmonious development of human.In the drive of economical globalization，China’s reform and opening-up gains tremendous fruit，however，the ecological and moral problems gradually emerge.On the base of concluding the development process and experience in other countries，China has a great blueprint of setting up scientific concept of development and constructing a harmonious society，which demands that people should have highly，specifically moral spirit and responsible quality.School should try its best to play a part in teenage responsibility education for promoting the harmonious development and all-round progress of China；it should groom students as modern people with fully responsible quality and make them live and develop responsibly.Responsibility education，according to social moral norms，is a planned，organized，aimed educational activity with guidance，which is for forming subjects’ basic responsible character on the basis of choices made by them，as a result，being responsible people.In modern society，effect of science and technology strengthening human’s power，additionally，people’s limitless pursuit for material in market economy make the responsibility broader and heavier.People burden the responsibility not only from obligations and deeds，but also from his/her role；people take responsibility not only for human being，but also for ecological system；people is responsible for both what he/she is doing now and what he/she is going to do.Therefore，if people lack general and all-round responsible consciousness and ability，it will be impossible for the future existence of human and harmonious development of society to realize.Thus，as social specialized organization of implementing education activity，it is the obligation and mission of school moral education to educate and guide students to form the sense and ability of responsibility，to understand traditional moral spirit of human being，to affect and radiate the public.From current situation of teenage responsible quality，this thesis analyses the international theory and practice of responsibility education of the day on the foundation of systematically organizing the related theory to responsibility in the history of ethics.It also discusses the related thought appeared in 20th century and present new-round curriculum reform in China.In this thesis，cultivation of responsible quality which has a consensus in international moral education is the necessary demand and the trend of development following scientific concept of development.School responsibility education has its own value representation and should be systematically implemented under the guidance of scientific education conception.The thesis manages to build a framework of it on the foundation of modern education conception to show its aim，contents，principles，the ways of implementation and strategies.In responsibility education，school should construct the ethical system of itself whose subject is education responsibility.